L'Oficina Romànica de Lingüística i Literatura (1928-1936)

Sobre la història, tasques i treballs de l'Oficina Romànica de Lingüística i Literatura

The Pedagogical Congresses of Portuguese Secondary Teaching : the participation of female teachers (1927-1928)

This paper was written within the context of the research project “The development of teacher’ associative organizations and unionism (1889-1990)” funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Foundation for Science and Technology). Five important congresses about secondary education were organized in Portugal between 1927 and 1931. These congresses served to claim the rights of teachers and the consolidation of the class, as well as to promote the discussion of scientific and pedagogical problems. In these congresses, the presence of female teachers was residual. However, the few teachers who participated had a significant contribution to the definition of secondary education during the following decades. Among other issues, it contributed to the discussion of female education and to analyze the importance of Biology and Physical Education in high schools. This paper presents the analysis of the minutes of the 1927s and 1928s Congresses. This analysis allowed the assessment of the important role played by a group of teachers to define, at the end of the first third of the 20th century, the future guidelines of Portuguese secondary education. It also reported that these teachers were pioneers who opened the way for the increasing number of teachers in secondary education during the 20th century.

Imagens do quotidiano escolar: uma análise das fotografias de práticas escolares publicadas no Relatório Intendencial de 1928, do governo de Augusto Simões Lopes (1924-1298)

O presente artigo realizou a análise das fotografias de temática do quotidiano escolar, produzidas no governo de Augusto Simões Lopes, intendente municipal da cidade de Pelotas, Brasil, durante os anos de 1924 e 1928. Para a realização desta pesquisa foram utilizados o Relatório Intendencial de 1928, jornais da época, como o Diário Popular, o Libertador e a Opinião Pública, o Almanach de Pelotas e a Revista Illustração Pelotense. Como referencial teóricometodológico, utilizou-se a Nova História Cultural, além de buscar pesquisadores que utilizam imagens em seus trabalhos, como Borges, Leite e Ciavatta. Através da análise das fontes, conclui-se que as imagens foram uma forma de propaganda governista, utilizada pelo então intendente, embora de forma complementar às imagens de prédios escolares, além disso, a análise permite o conhecimento de práticas escolares e formas de assistência aos alunos na década de 1920.

“Creadores de la profundidad”. Orígenes del movimiento obrero en las minas de los Andes peruanos (1928-1930)

La presente tesis estudia los orígenes del movimiento obrero en las minas de la Sierra Central del Perú a inicios del siglo XX. Ello mediante el análisis de una breve coyuntura de movilización sindical ocurrida entre diciembre de 1928 y noviembre de 1930. El eje analítico de la investigación es doble. De un lado, se examina el rol decisivo que en dicha coyuntura de agitación sindical tuvo un grupo de obreros intelectuales, quienes asumieron el liderazgo del naciente movimiento obrero. De otro lado, se estudian los vínculos entre estos trabajadores y el “Grupo de Lima” dirigido por José Carlos Mariátegui. La tesis consta de cuatro capítulos, dedicados a analizar los sucesivos momentos de la coyuntura de movilización sindical. El primer capítulo contextualiza el análisis en el escenario regional de la Sierra Central peruana, así como en los cambios vinculados a la presencia de la empresa monopólica Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation a partir de 1902. El segundo capítulo reconstruye los inicios de la agitación obrera, así como los vínculos entre los trabajadores y el “Grupo de Lima”, que se hallaba abocado a la formación del Partido Socialista y la CGTP, la primera organización sindical de alcance nacional en Perú. El tercer capítulo aborda la lucha en pos de la sindicalización, tomando en cuenta las dificultades planteadas por la condición obrera prevaleciente en las minas, el estallido de protestas y la influencia de los militantes comunistas. Finalmente, el cuarto capítulo estudia el momento culminante del período: la realización del Congreso Minero del Centro, la creación de la primera Federación de Trabajadores Mineros y la dura represión gubernamental en contra de los trabajadores, cuyo desenlace fue la desarticulación del movimiento obrero en ciernes.

Orde Wingate in the Sudan, 1928-1933: Formative Experiences of the Chindit Commander

This short paper looks at Orde Wingate's role in armed policing and counter-bandit operations in Sudan during his time with the Sudan Defence Force.

Plikttrogen och duglig : En studie av lärar- och lärarinneideal i dödsrunor åren 1928-1930

Undersökningens syfte är att studera läraridealgenom dödsrunor för att se vilka ideal som den avlidne framställdes i samt sehur dessa skiljer sig åt i ett genusperspektiv. Minnesrunorna finns publiceradei Sveriges allmänna folkskollärarföreningstidningsorgan Svensk läraretidningoch undersökningsperioden är åren 1928- 1930. Undersökningen visade på att bådeden manlige och den kvinnliga läraren framställdes i stort sett lika även omdet skiljer sig åt procentuellt sett. Läraridealet för denna tid var enpliktrogen och nitiskt lärare/lärarinna som på ett dugligt, intresserat ochsjälvuppoffrande sätt utförde sitt kall. Därtill tillkom ideal såsom glad,avhållen och godhjärtad. Manliga lärarideal var även redighet samt att dennekunde ses som försynt. För den kvinnlige läraren framhålls ideal såsom moderligoch fostrarinna.

Espectros e silhuetas em uma cidade: imagens da mulher no cinema brasileiro de 1896 a 1928

O presente trabalho analisa a mulher na produção cinematográfica brasileira de 1896/1928, período que cobre um momento importante do debate sobre as alterações dos papéis sociais em meio às alterações trazidas com a modernidade.O Cinema Brasileiro apresenta-se como um

Nestor lima e a modernização conservadora da gestão educacional no Rio Grande do Norte entre 1924-1928

This study attempts to investigate the school administration in the Department of Education of Rio Grande de Norte, in the period 1924 to 1928, in the context of conservative modernization in its management, implemented by Nestor Lima dos Santos. Addresses the trends of administrative Nestor Santos Lima and sequence of these variables so that we can correlate and monitor the development of various economic, social, cultural and political, to show how influenced and even determined the direction of education, not only the state of RN, but throughout the country. For this purpose, it is the recapitulation of the history of life, experiences of work and travel reports of this important figure, including administrative concepts, aiming to identify the school administration, introduced by him in the 1920s, as those who received influence of characters that included the social and historical context of the time, reconstituting the ways following the education. It was developed by Nestor shares in Lima on the administration of public schools, their way of management, and can see how was the process of modernization of education in Rio Grande do Norte state and how it followed the rapid changes, experienced by Brazil, during this period. Show up on the design aspects of modernizing Nestor Lima in the Department of Education, the Director General of Administrative Acts, the internal record of school groups, Isolated Schools, Schools rudimentary and the newly created Board of Education, highlighting the Internal Rules of Council but the General Regulations of the Department of Education. This work also highlights the proposed administrative Nestor of Lima, while educational model of an operating system of the organization, training and education, which is present in the area of production of discourse, through body practice, characteristic of the record established levels of policy development and implementation of educational instruction in all state. Key-words: school administration. Conservative modernization. Public Education

O grupo escolar modelo augusto severo (1908-1928): vinte anos de formação de professores

Ce travail a pour objet d'étude le Groupe Scolaire Augusto Severo, situé à Natal, première institution du type dans l'État du Rio Grande do Norte. Il analyse la pratique pédagogique, le modèle d'éducation primaire et d'expérimentation des personnes en formation de l'École Normale de Natal, entre 1908 et l'année de 1928. Dans cette période, se sont produites des tentatives d'organisation scolaire par le biais de la Réforme de l‟Enseignement Primaire (1908) et de la Réforme de l‟Enseignement (1916). Nous nous sommes basés sur l'Histoire Culturelle définie à travers la conjonction de l'histoire des objets dans sa matérialité, des pratiques dans leurs différences et configurations, des dispositifs dans leurs variations. Nous avons utilisé les journaux A República et Diário do Natal, la revue Pedagogium, des Lois, des Décrets et Messages du Gouvernement, des Codes d'Enseignement et le Régime Interne des Groupes Scolaires, documents qui proviennent du fonds de l'Institut Historique et Géographique do Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN) et des sources iconographiques, provenant de l'Institut du Patrimoine Historique et Artistique National (IPHAN/RN). Dans les Archives Publiques de l‟Etat (APE/RN) nous avons recherché les Livres d'Enregistrement des Groupes Scolaires et Écoles Isolées, Offices, Inscriptions, Rapports et Actes de réunions de la Direction Générale de l'Instruction Publique et Journal de Classe. Nous avons analysé l'action des professeurs dans cette institution primaire, ainsi que l'histoire des disciplines scolaires et des programmes d'enseignement, la problématique des contenus et méthodes. Nous avons observé que la méthode intuitive était la dynamique de la pratique pédagogique efficace et que les rites de récompense, les cérémonies civiques composaient l‟ensemble des idées modernisatrices de l‟époque