998 resultados para AAA


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1 p. -- [Editorial Material]

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Cdc48/p97 is an essential, highly abundant hexameric member of the AAA (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) family. It has been linked to a variety of processes throughout the cell but it is best known for its role in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. In this system it is believed that Cdc48 behaves as a segregase, transducing the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical force to separate ubiquitin-conjugated proteins from their tightly-bound partners.

Current models posit that Cdc48 is linked to its substrates through a variety of adaptor proteins, including a family of seven proteins (13 in humans) that contain a Cdc48-binding UBX domain. As such, due to the complexity of the network of adaptor proteins for which it serves as the hub, Cdc48/p97 has the potential to exert a profound influence on the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. However, the number of known substrates of Cdc48/p97 remains relatively small, and smaller still is the number of substrates that have been linked to a specific UBX domain protein. As such, the goal of this dissertation research has been to discover new substrates and better understand the functions of the Cdc48 network. With this objective in mind, we established a proteomic screen to assemble a catalog of candidate substrate/targets of the Ubx adaptor system.

Here we describe the implementation and optimization of a cutting-edge quantitative mass spectrometry method to measure relative changes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. Utilizing this technology, and in order to better understand the breadth of function of Cdc48 and its adaptors, we then performed a global screen to identify accumulating ubiquitin conjugates in cdc48-3 and ubxΔ mutants. In this screen different ubx mutants exhibited reproducible patterns of conjugate accumulation that differed greatly from each other, pointing to various unexpected functional specializations of the individual Ubx proteins.

As validation of our mass spectrometry findings, we then examined in detail the endoplasmic-reticulum bound transcription factor Spt23, which we identified as a putative Ubx2 substrate. In these studies ubx2Δ cells were deficient in processing of Spt23 to its active p90 form, and in localizing p90 to the nucleus. Additionally, consistent with reduced processing of Spt23, ubx2Δ cells demonstrated a defect in expression of their target gene OLE1, a fatty acid desaturase. Overall, this work demonstrates the power of proteomics as a tool to identify new targets of various pathways and reveals Ubx2 as a key regulator lipid membrane biosynthesis.

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This paper deals with the resource allocation problem aimed at maximizing users' perception of quality in wireless channels with time-varying capacity. First of all, we model the subjective quality-aware scheduling problem in the framework of Markovian decision processes. Then, given that the obtaining of the optimal solution of this model is unachievable, we propose a simple scheduling index rule with closed-form expression by using a methodology based on Whittle approach. Finally, we analyze the performance of the achieved scheduling proposal in several relevant scenarios, concluding that it outperforms the most popular existing resource allocation strategies.

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This paper investigates the errors of the solutions as well as the shadowing property of a class of nonlinear differential equations which possess unique solutions on a certain interval for any admissible initial condition. The class of differential equations is assumed to be approximated by well-posed truncated Taylor series expansions up to a certain order obtained about certain, in general nonperiodic, sampling points t(i) is an element of [t(0), t(J)] for i = 0, 1, . . . , J of the solution. Two examples are provided.

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This paper investigates the boundedness and convergence properties of two general iterative processes which involve sequences of self-mappings on either complete metric or Banach spaces. The sequences of self-mappings considered in the first iterative scheme are constructed by linear combinations of a set of self-mappings, each of them being a weighted version of a certain primary self-mapping on the same space. The sequences of self-mappings of the second iterative scheme are powers of an iteration-dependent scaled version of the primary self-mapping. Some applications are also given to the important problem of global stability of a class of extended nonlinear polytopic-type parameterizations of certain dynamic systems.

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This paper is devoted to the investigation of nonnegative solutions and the stability and asymptotic properties of the solutions of fractional differential dynamic linear time-varying systems involving delayed dynamics with delays. The dynamic systems are described based on q-calculus and Caputo fractional derivatives on any order.

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Coincidence and common fixed point theorems for a class of 'Ciric-Suzuki hybrid contractions involving a multivalued and two single-valued maps in a metric space are obtained. Some applications including the existence of a common solution for certain class of functional equations arising in a dynamic programming are also discussed..

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本文采用物种生物学的方法分析了绵枣[Scilla sinensis (Lour.) Merr.]多倍体复合体细胞地理、形态、生态适应和发育节律的变异。此外,还对AA细胞型居群进行了等位酶分析和杂交实验。结果如下: 1. 细胞学检查秀自中国境内45个居群,检出AA、AB、BB、AAA、BBB和AABB 6个细胞型。多数居群由1种细胞型组成。AA几乎占据着该复合体在中国的整个分布区。BB仅局限于华中和华东地区。AABB分布于华中和华东地区的北侧、东北地区的东南部及台湾岛。45个居的细胞型组成以细胞地理分布图表示。总结前人与我们的工作,该复合体中已发现12个整倍体细胞型(AA、AB、BB、AAA、ABB、BBB、AAAA、AABB、ABBB、BBBB、AABBB和AAABBB)和各种基于多倍体的非整倍体。其基本细胞型为AA、BB和AABB。AA分布于除日本和大陆上BB分布区中心外该复合体的整个分布区。BB分布中国华东和华中地区、朝鲜的济州岛和日本。AABB分布日本、朝鲜和中国东北地区的东南部及华中、华东地区的东侧。另外,BB居群染色体数量最多,AABB次之,而AA最低。 2. 野外调查和栽培实验表明AA细胞型在中国东部和西部地区间存在形态和生态分化,东部居群形态变异较小,其共同特征是纺锤形鳞茎,红褐色;根茎短柱状;叶多灰绿色,蜡质明显,斜升;花葶较强壮而直立;花紫红色;子房每室1胚珠。西部为AA细胞型的现代变异中心,居群间形态变异大,区别于东部居群的特点是鳞茎纺锤形或近球形,根茎短柱状或盘状,叶鲜绿色,蜡质不明显,平卧地面;花葶1-4枝,直立,多花葶时斜升;花白色或淡红色,子房每室胚珠1 ~ 2枚。AA和BB细胞型是向着适于不同地理区的环境发展,因而具有不同的形态和生物学特性的两个类型。BB鳞茎近球形,黄褐色,根茎不明显,为盘状;叶墨绿色,柔软而平卧地面,是适于阴湿的林下环境的结果。春季萌发较早,约在3月初,其夏季休眠特性刚好可渡过华中地区东部夏季的高温多雨,待秋季温度下降时开花结实。而AA划适应了光照较强而干旱的山坡草地灌丛的类型。其发育节律变异较大,但萌动较BB晚,无夏季休眠。AABB细胞型的形态介于两祖先二倍体之间,没有形成独特的生态适应和发育节律。 3. 对AA细胞型的等位酶分析表明,该种的居群表现出较高的遗传变异(A = 2.0, P = 58.6%, H_o = 0.172 和 H_e = 0.185)。居群间存在较明显的分化(F_(ST) = 0.314)。东西两地区间也存在遗传分化。 4. AA居群间多数组合的F_1都低于对照的花粉育性和结实率。尤其是东部和西部居群间组合的F_1花粉育性和结实率极低,几近不育。如果仅仅考虑该复合体的形态变异,它只能作为一个形态复杂多变的种,Scilla sinensis (Lour) Merr.。可是如此处理就掩盖了其细胞型间清晰的进化关系。为弥补这一缺陷,当研究细胞型间的进化关系时,可采用生物学和概念。AA细胞型为S. sinensis (Lour.) Merr., 可分两亚种:subsp. sinensis 和 subsp. alboviridis (Hand.-Mazz.) K. Y. Ding。BB细胞型为S. thunbergii Miyabe et Kudo。而ABB及含有A和B染色体组的多倍体作为杂交种S. x sino-japonica K.Y.Ding。两个二倍体种形态界限很清楚,但AABB的存在湮灭了两者的间断。

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花粉是高度退化的两细胞或三细胞生物体。作为雄配子体,花粉储藏了父本的全部遗传信息,并通过与柱头识别、萌发和花粉管极性生长将精子送到雌性的胚囊中,完成双受精作用。由于花粉在植物有性生殖过程中的特殊作用和花粉管极性生长的独特细胞学过程,几十年来一直被作为研究这一系列精细细胞学过程的模式,但是其中关键事件的分子机制并不十分清楚。 我们利用蛋白质组学技术鉴定了水稻成熟花粉三个不同组分(花粉外被蛋白、花粉外被/细胞壁相关和可释放蛋白、花粉内在蛋白)中表达的共322种蛋白质。其中,参与信号转导(10%)、细胞壁重塑和代谢(11%)、蛋白质代谢(14%)以及糖类和能量代谢(25%)的蛋白质被高度代表。并且很多是首次被在成熟花粉中得到鉴定的具有重要功能的蛋白质,包括蛋白激酶、受体激酶相互作用蛋白、GDP解聚抑制因子、含有C2结构域蛋白质和亲环蛋白等参与信号转导的蛋白质,eIF4A、线粒体加工肽酶、UFD1和AAA+ATP酶等参与蛋白质合成、装配和降解的蛋白质,以及逆糖基化多肽、似纤维素合酶OsCsLF7等参与细胞壁重塑和代谢的蛋白质等。生物信息学分析表明,在我们鉴定的蛋白质中有11%的蛋白质功能未知并且不含有任何已知的功能结构域。另外,我们利用从头测序技术鉴定了5种新蛋白质。这些首次在花粉中被鉴定的蛋白质、未知功能蛋白质和新蛋白质在花粉萌发过程中的生物学功能值得进一步研究。 进而,我们利用比较蛋白质组学技术获得了水稻花粉体外萌发过程中差异表达的160个鉴定结果(代表120种蛋白质),生物信息学分析表明它们隶属于13个功能类群。其中,参与细胞壁代谢(占24%,如UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和第三类过氧化物酶)、蛋白质代谢(占11%,如eIF4A和20S蛋白酶体的亚基)、细胞骨架动力学(占8%,如肌动蛋白、微管蛋白和profilin)和胁迫反应(占7%,如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)以及糖类和能量代谢(占24%)的蛋白质被高度代表。共有94个鉴定结果(73种蛋白质)在花粉萌发过程中表达丰度上调,包括几乎全部参与蛋白质代谢的蛋白质,多数参与细胞骨架动态变化和离子转运的蛋白质,以及部分参与糖类和能量代谢的蛋白质等。并且有53个鉴定结果(41种蛋白质)可能在萌发过程中被释放到培养基中(柱头上),可能参与了柱头细胞和花粉管通道细胞细胞壁的松弛和水解(如第三类过氧化物酶家族成员、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、1,4-beta-木聚糖酶和一些花粉过敏源蛋白),或者参与了花粉.柱头的信号识别过程(如钙网蛋白和含有C2结构域的蛋白)。有8种传统认为是参与糖类和能量代谢的酶可能在萌发过程中被释放到培养基中(柱头上),如烯醇酶、磷酸丙糖异构酶和磷酸甘油酸激酶。 同时,我们发现在鉴定的成熟花粉表达的蛋白质中,有23%的蛋白质以多个同工型的形式存在,并且有29种蛋白质的多个同工型的表达丰度在萌发过程中发生变化。它们主要参与了细胞壁代谢、糖类和能量代谢、细胞骨架、胁迫反应和离子运输等代谢过程。我们利用荧光染色技术,检测到其中14种蛋白质可能被磷酸化或者糖基化修饰。这意味着由于翻译后修饰形成的同工型蛋白质在花粉萌发和花粉管生长过程中具有重要作用。 总之,我们以水稻为模式研究其成熟花粉和萌发花粉的蛋白质表达特征,首次报道了单子叶植物成熟花粉不同组分中表达的蛋白质及其功能类群特征,并且首次报道了被子植物花粉萌发过程中表达丰度变化蛋白质的功能类群特征,为进一步揭示花粉萌发和花粉管生长的分子机制提供了重要的蛋白质水平信息。

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Based on the experimental data of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), models of three-stranded braid-like DNAs composed by three kinds of base triplets AAA, TAT and GCA were constructed. We investigated the braid-like DNAs and their comparative tripler DNAs using a molecular mechanics method. The three strands of braid-like DNAs are proven equivalent, while those of tripler DNAs are not. The conformational energies for braid-like DNAs were found to be higher than that for tripler DNAs. Each period in one strand of braid-like DNA has 18 nucleotides, half of which are right-handed, while the other half are left-handed. Additional discussions concerning sugar puckering modes and the H-bonds are also included. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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随着网络带宽、计算机处理能力和存储容量的迅速提高,以及各种视频信息处理技术的出现,全程数字化、网络化的视频监控系统优势愈发明显。其高度的开放性、集成性和灵活性为视频监控系统和设备的整体性能提升创造了必要的条件;同时也为整个安防产业的发展提供了更加广阔的发展空间,崭新的应用模式和市场机遇不断涌现。视频监控系统过程向着大型、连续、综合化发展,形成了复杂监控过程,监测控制的要求越来越高,需要更高性能的系统和采用更优秀的控制手段,面临着不能用传统方法解决的新问题。本文概述了目前视频监控中面临的挑战,简要介绍了与视频监控相关的研究领域和研究现状,研究了视频监控中若干亟待解决的问题,主要取得了以下几个方面的研究成果: 第一,提出了基于AdaBoost的改进的人脸检测算法,针对AdaBoost算法的训练速度慢的问题,提出了基于阈值控制的训练方法;同时研究了AdaBoost算法人脸检测方法,利用肤色模型检测人脸区域,并对颜色模型进行了光照补偿。实验结果表明本文的算法具有较好的检测结果。 第二,提出了基于Canny算法的一般目标检测算法,提出了改进的Canny边缘检测算法,研究了Canny算法中噪声抑制的方法,采用改进中心加权的MTM算法有效的抑制噪声。针对Canny检测算法中阈值设置的问题,提出改进的Canny阈值补偿的方法。实验结果表明,改进的Canny算法相比原算法具有更好的目标检测性能。 第三,提出了一种基于均值漂移(Mean Shift)的改进的目标跟踪算法,通过搜索窗口带宽的计算,加权背景信息以及卡尔曼滤波器建模改进了跟踪算法,避免了均值漂移算法中的一些关键问题。对比实验结果表明,本文的改进方法相比原算法具有较好的性能。 第四,研究了视频监控中基于可扩展视频编码(SVC)的技术。首先讨论了视频监控中采用可扩展视频编码(SVC)的优势,探讨了视频监控中采用可扩展视频编码(SVC)的框架。然后针对于视频质量评估问题,设计并实现了基于可扩展视频编码(SVC)的视频质量评估系统Evalvid-SVC,研究了基于可扩展视频编码(SVC)的视频质量评估。 第五,研究并实现了视频数据安全传输技术。提出了基于Diameter的统一认证方案。任何用户想要获取视频资源,都必须通过AAA子系统的认证和授权,授予合法用户以特定的方式使用资源。另外,为了保证监控数据从监控前端安全地传送到视频监控客户端,本文提出了一种有效的保证视频数据安全传输的方案。设计的数据加密算法应用DES算法对前端设备采集到的音视频数据进行加密,并通过定时更新和RSA加密的方式保护和传输DES密钥。

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针对传统分布式入侵检测系统组件之间依赖程度大、系统不够健壮且入侵检测系统自身结构固定不能适应入侵的变化的问题,提出了一种基于Agent的自适应的分布式入侵检测系统(简称AAA-DIDS)·AAADIDS采用Agent概念重新构造系统的组件,改进了分布式入侵检测系统由于高层节点单一无冗余而产生的可靠性差的缺陷,从构造上克服了分布式入侵检测系统的脆弱性·同时,AAADIDS系统采用智能技术构建了自适应的入侵检测系统模型,增加了系统应对入侵行为变化的智能性·AAA-DIDS系统相对于传统的分布式入侵检测系统有效地提高了系统自身的可靠性和针对外界变化的适应能力·

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超支化聚合物是一类高度支化的具有三维椭球状立体构造的大分子。由于具有传统线形聚合物所没有的低粘度、高流变、良好的溶解性及大量末端官能团等物理化学特性,近年来已成为高分子科学界研究的一个热点。十多年来,人们在合成方法、表征手段、应用及理论研究等方面取得了可喜的成就。但是,目前超支化聚合物的发展还存在着合成方法和所合成的聚合物种类有限,成本较高及结构可控性差等问题。设计合成了五个系列的新型ABx单体,二经基苯氯代苯酞亚胺、二乙酞氧基苯甲酸苯酞亚胺、三乙酞氧基苯酞胺酸,二经基苯基联苯酰胺酸和多轻基烷基联苯酞胺酸,再分别通过缩聚反应一步成功制备了新型芳香超支化聚醚酞亚胺、芳香超支化聚酷酰亚胺,可降解的超支化聚酷酞胺、芳香和半芳香超支化聚酯酞胺。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、热差(DSC)和热重(TGA)等分析手段,详细研究了它们的结构和性质,这些聚合物都具有较低的粘度、良好的溶解性和热稳定性。末端基团的种类和性质在很大程度上影响聚合物的性质。通过小角X一射线散射仪和紫外一可见光谱研究了由天然原料制备的超支化聚酷酞胺的降解行为。设计了由商品化原料,二梭酸酐(AAA,型)与二乙醇胺归32型)、脂肪二梭酸配与多经基伯胺(CBx型)和二酸(Az型)与多轻基伯胺一步合成超支化聚合物的新方法,成功地合成了二十四种不同结构的新型超支化聚酷酰胺。通过FTIR、NMR和DEPT NMR、GPC、基质辅助激光解析时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)、DSC和TGA等分析手段,详细研究了它们的结构和性质。这些聚合物都具有较低的粘度、良好的溶解性。