Caracterização termo-mecânica de interconectores metálicos recobertos com filmes de LaCrO3

The cells unitaria of the solid oxide fuel cell are separated by means of interconnects, which serve as electrical contact between the cells. Lanthanum Chromite (LaCrO3) has been the most common material used as interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells. Reducing the operating temperature around 800 º C of cells to solid oxide fuel make possibilite the use of metallic interconnects as an alternative to ceramic LaCrO3. Metallic interconnects have advantages over ceramic interconnects such as high thermal conductivity, electricity, good ductility, low cost, good physical and mechanical properties. In this work evaluate the thermo-mechanical properties of the metallic substrate and coated metallic substrate with the ceramic LaCrO3 film via spray-pyrolysis, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of using this material as a component of a fuel cell solid oxide. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, oxidation behavior, mechanical strength, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction proved the formation phase of the LaCrO3 on the metallic substrate and the identification of the phases formed after the oxidative test and mechanical strength at high temperature. The oxidation behavior showed the increased oxidation resistance of the coated metallic substrate. It was noted that the mechanical resistance to bending of the coated metallic substrate only increases at room temperature. The optical microscopy (OM) has provided an assessment of both the metallic substrate and the LaCrO3 film deposited on the metal substrate that, in comparison with the micrographs obtained from SEM. The SEM one proved the formation of Cr2O3 layer on the metallic substrate and stability of LaCrO3 film after oxidative test, it can also observe the displacement of the ceramic LaCrO3 film after of mechanical testing and mapping of the main elements as chromium, manganese, oxygen, lanthanum in samples after the thermo-mechanical tests.

Adição de vermiculita expandida mícron em pastas de baixa densidade para cimentação de poços de petróleo

The northeastern region of Brazil has a large number of wells producing oil using a method of secondary recovery steam injection, since the oil produced in this region is essentially viscous. This recovery method puts the cement / coating on thermal cycling, due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between cement and metal coating causes the appearance of cracks at this interface, allowing the passage of the annular fluid, which is associated with serious risk socioeconomic and environmental. In view of these cracks, a correction operation is required, resulting in more costs and temporary halt of production of the well. Alternatively, the oil industry has developed technology for adding new materials in cement pastes, oil well, providing high ductility and low density in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by the injection of water vapor. In this context, vermiculite, a clay mineral found in abundance in Brazil has been applied in its expanded form in the construction industry for the manufacture of lightweight concrete with excellent insulation and noise due to its high melting point and the presence of air in their layers lamellar. Therefore, the vermiculite is used for the purpose of providing low-density cement paste and withstand high temperatures caused by steam injection. Thus, the present study compared the default folder containing cement and water with the folders with 6%, 8% and 10% vermiculite micron conducting tests of free water, rheology and compressive strength where it obtained the concentration of 8 % with the best results. Subsequently, the selected concentration, was compared with the results recommended by the API standard tests of filtered and stability. And finally, analyzed the results from tests of specific gravity and time of thickening. Before the study we were able to make a folder with a low density that can be used in cementing oil well in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by steam injection

Obtenção de pós de tântalo metálico a partir da redução aluminotérmica com ignição a plasma

Metallic tantalum has a high commercial value due to intrinsic properties like excellent ductility, corrosion resistance, high melt and boiling points and good electrical and thermal conductivities. Nowadays, it is mostly used in the manufacture of capacitors, due to excellent dielectric properties of its oxides. In the nature, tantalum occurs in the form of oxide and it is extracted mainly from tantalite-columbite ores. The tantalum is usually produced by the reduction of its oxide, using reductants like carbon, silicon, calcium, magnesium and aluminum. Among these techniques, the aluminothermic reduction has been used as the industrial method to produce niobium, tantalum and their alloys, due to the easy removal of the Al and Al2O3 of the system, easing further refining. In conventional aluminothermic reduction an electrical resistance is used to trigger the reaction. This reaction self-propagates for all the volume of material. In this work, we have developed a novel technique of aluminothermic reduction that uses the hydrogen plasma to trigger the reaction. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and EDS show that is possible to obtain a compound rich in tantalum through this technique of aluminothermic reduction in the plasma reactor

Ligação microestaca / estrutura – estudo do comportamento da interface calda / betão existente

Na reabilitação de edifícios e pontes, o recurso a microestacas como técnica de reforço e recalçamento de fundações pode ser feito através de diferentes tipos de ligação entre a microestaca e a fundação da estrutura a reforçar. A escolha da solução depende das condicionantes e das solicitações previstas para cada intervenção. Este trabalho foca-se nas ligações seladas de microestacas como solução de reforço e recalçamento de fundações. As ligações seladas de microestacas carecem de normas e regulamentos próprios de dimensionamento, levando os projetistas a basearem-se em experiências anteriores e nos códigos estruturais existentes adaptando-os a cada caso de reabilitação. Tendo em vista complementar os estudos já realizados em ligações seladas de microestacas, nomeadamente o estudo realizado por Gómez et al.(2005) e posteriormente o estudo realizado por Veludo (2012), este trabalho tem por objetivos principais avaliar a influência do tratamento da superfície do furo de selagem e do confinamento passivo na capacidade de ligações seladas na tensão de rotura da aderência na interface calda / betão. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foi elaborado um trabalho experimental em que se realizaram 26 ensaios à compressão de varões selados em furos realizados em provetes cilíndricos sem e com confinamento de armaduras passivas. Para avaliar a influência dos parâmetros identificados na capacidade da ligação foram fabricados provetes com quatro diferentes superfícies do furo de selagem (lisas, rugosas, indentadas com anéis e indentadas em hélice) sem armadura transversal de confinamento e provetes com superfície do furo de selagem indentada com anéis e com 4 diferentes níveis de confinamento passivo conferido por armaduras transversais. Verificou-se que os parâmetros avaliados condicionam fortemente a aderência na interface calda / betão, assim como os modos rotura observados. As superfícies indentadas e maiores percentagens de confinamento permitem aumentar a capacidade e a ductilidade da ligação. Os resultados obtidos com os provetes confinados estão em linha com as prescrições com os atuais códigos de betão armado em relação à influência do confinamento conferido por armaduras transversais e acrescentam resultados importantes para a análise e dimensionamento de ligações seladas em fundações de betão armado existentes