Novel 1122 thallium cuprates showing high Tc superconductivity: TlCa1-xY,Ba2Cu2Oy,T,1-xPbxCaSr2Cu2Oy and TlCa0.5Ln0.5Sr2Cu2Oy

Substitution of Ca by Y in TlCaBa2Cu2Oy does not favour superconductivity, but substitution of Tl by Pb or of Ca by Ln (Ln = Y or rare earth) in TlCaSr2Cu2Oy results in high Tc superconductivity (Tc π 60-90 K). TlCa1-xLnxSr2Cu2Oy is a new series of high Tc superconductors, but the x = 0.0 composition does not exhibit bulk superconductivity.

Evaluación histológica, histoquímica y ultraestructural del efecto inducido en el músculo esquelético por las células TC-1 implantadas en ratones C57BL

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Orientación Terminal en Morfología) UANL, 2011.

Evaluación morfológica del efecto de peroxisomicina A1 sobre células TC-1 implantadas en un modelo murino.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con Orientación Terminal en Morfología) UANL, 2010.

Carbon-encapsulated radioactive Tc-99m nanoparticles

A macroscopic quantity of quasi-spherical fullerene-like shells (see Figure) that encapsulate iron nanoparticles containing radioisotope Tc-99m are prepared for the first time. The nanocomposite is acid-non-leachable, retaining radioactivity at an extremely high level. This method will enable rigorous studies of what are currently theoretical descriptions of nanometer-scale medicinal delivery vehicles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Cintilografia miocárdica quantitativa com Tc-99m sestamibi e correção de atenuação : desenvolvimento de base de dados normal gênero-independente de estudos de perfusão miocárdica de estresse e validação multicêntrica em população de pacientes obesos

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Biodistribution of technetium-99m pertechnetate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (Capella technique) in rats

The biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate, the most used radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine, has not been studied in details after bariatric surgery. The objective was to investigate the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTc-) in organs and tissues of rats. Methods: Twelve rats were randomly divided into two groups of 6 animals each. The RYGB group rats were submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the control group rats were not operated. After 15 days, all rats were injected with 0.1mL of Na99mTc- via orbital plexus with average radioactivity of 0.66 MBq. After 30 minutes, liver, stomach, thyroid, heart, lung, kidney and femur samples were harvested, weighed and percentage of radioactivity per gram (%ATI/g) of each organ was determined by gama counter Wizard Perkin-Elmer. We applied the Student t test for statistical analysis, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results: Significant reduction in mean %ATI/g was observed in the liver, stomach and femur in the RYGB group animals, compared with the control group rats (p<0.05). In other organs no significant difference in %ATI/g was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: This work contributes to the knowledge that the bariatric surgery RYGB modifies the pattern of biodistribution of Na99mTc

Biodistribution of the Radiopharmaceutical Technetium- 99m-Sodium Phytate in Rats After Splenectomy

Drugs and surgery can interfere with the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals and data about the effect of splenectomy on the metabolism of phytate-Tc-99m are scarce. This study aimed at evaluating the interference of splenectomy on phytate-Tc-99m biodistribution and liver function in rats. The SP group rats (n=6) underwent splenectomy. In group C (control) the animals were not operated on. After 15 days, all rats were injected with 0.1mL of Tc-99m-phytate via orbital plexus (0.66MBq). After 30 minutes, liver samples were harvested, weighed and the percentage of radioactivity per gram (%ATI-g) was determined by a Wizard Perkin-Elme gama counter. The ATI%-g in splenectomized rats (0.99±0.02) was significantly higher than in controls (0.4±0.02), (p=0.034). ALT, AST and HDL were significantly lower in SP rats (p= 0.001) and leukocytosis was observed in SP rats. In conclusion, splenectomy in rats changed the hepatic biodistribution of Tc-99m-phytate and liver enzimatic activity

(Appendix 1-4) Geochemistry, desorption methods, TOC, TC, and mineral content of different settings

Sorption of volatile hydrocarbon gases (VHCs) to marine sediments is a recognized phenomenon that has been investigated in the context of petroleum exploration. However, little is known about the biogeochemistry of sorbed methane and higher VHCs in environments that are not influenced by thermogenic processes. This study evaluated two different extraction protocols for sorbed VHCs, used high pressure equipment to investigate the sorption of methane to pure clay mineral phases, and conducted a geochemical and mineralogical survey of sediment samples from different oceanographic settings and geochemical regimes that are not significantly influenced by thermogenic gas. Extraction of sediments under alkaline conditions yielded higher concentrations of sorbed methane than the established protocol for acidic extraction. Application of alkaline extraction in the environmental survey revealed the presence of substantial amounts of sorbed methane in 374 out of 411 samples (91%). Particularly high amounts, up to 2.1 mmol kg**-1 dry sediment, were recovered from methanogenic sediments. Carbon isotopic compositions of sorbed methane suggested substantial contributions from biogenic sources, both in sulfate-depleted and sulfate-reducing sediments. Carbon isotopic relationships between sorbed and dissolved methane indicate a coupling of the two pools. While our sorption experiments and extraction conditions point to an important role for clay minerals as sorbents, mineralogical analyses of marine sediments suggest that variations in mineral composition are not controlling variations in quantities of sorbed methane. We conclude that the distribution of sorbed methane in sediments is strongly influenced by in situ production.

Estudo de metodologias de controle de qualidade do Mo-99 utilizado no preparo de geradores de Mo-99/Tc-99m

O 99mTc é o radionuclídeo mais utilizado em medicina nuclear. No Brasil os geradores de 99Mo/99mTc são produzidos exclusivamente pelo Centro de Radiofarmácia do IPEN-CNEN/SP, com 99Mo importado de diferentes fornecedores. O 99Mo (t1/2 = 66 h), por ser um produto de fissão do 235U, pode conter impurezas radionuclídicas prejudiciais à saúde humana. Dessa forma, para que o gerador seja utilizado de forma segura, é necessário que o 99Mo seja avaliado por ensaios de controle de qualidade e atenda à alguma especificação descrita em farmacopeia. A Farmacopeia Europeia (FE) apresenta monografia, com parâmetros (identificação, pureza radioquímica e pureza radionuclídica), métodos de análise, e limites, para avaliação da qualidade da solução de [99Mo] na forma de molibdato de sódio, que é utilizada como matéria-prima no preparo dos geradores de 99Mo/99mTc. No entanto, observa-se uma dificuldade na implementação e execução dos métodos por parte dos produtores de geradores, com pouca literatura sobre o assunto, provavelmente devido à falta de praticidade dos métodos propostos e à extensa lista de reagentes utilizados. Nesse trabalho foram avaliados vários parâmetros de qualidade do 99Mo descritos na monografia da FE. Foram estudados métodos de separação do 99Mo de suas impurezas radionuclídicas por extração em fase sólida (SPE) e por TLC. Após separação por SPE, foi proposta a quantificação de metais por ICP-OES para avaliar a porcentagem de retenção de Mo e a porcentagem de recuperação de Ru e Te e Sr em diversos tipos de cartuchos, em substituição ao uso de radiotraçadores. Observou-se que a marca de cartucho de SPE para separação do 99Mo recomendada pela FE apresentou baixa recuperação para Ru, quando comparado aos outros cartuchos de troca aniônica disponíveis no mercado. Amostras de 99Mo de diferentes fornecedores mundiais foram analisadas. Observou-se que é possível realizar a quantificação de 103Ru em amostras de 99Mo mesmo com tempos de decaimento acima de 4 semanas. Um método alternativo de separação do 99Mo do 131I por TLC apresentou resultados promissores. Não foi feita a quantificação das impurezas radionuclídicas emissoras beta e alfa. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram resultados dentro das especificações da FE para pureza radioquímica (>95%) e pureza radionuclídica.

Biodistribution of technetium-99m pertechnetate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (Capella technique) in rats

The biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate, the most used radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine, has not been studied in details after bariatric surgery. The objective was to investigate the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTc-) in organs and tissues of rats. Methods: Twelve rats were randomly divided into two groups of 6 animals each. The RYGB group rats were submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the control group rats were not operated. After 15 days, all rats were injected with 0.1mL of Na99mTc- via orbital plexus with average radioactivity of 0.66 MBq. After 30 minutes, liver, stomach, thyroid, heart, lung, kidney and femur samples were harvested, weighed and percentage of radioactivity per gram (%ATI/g) of each organ was determined by gama counter Wizard Perkin-Elmer. We applied the Student t test for statistical analysis, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results: Significant reduction in mean %ATI/g was observed in the liver, stomach and femur in the RYGB group animals, compared with the control group rats (p<0.05). In other organs no significant difference in %ATI/g was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: This work contributes to the knowledge that the bariatric surgery RYGB modifies the pattern of biodistribution of Na99mTc

Biodistribution of the Radiopharmaceutical Technetium- 99m-Sodium Phytate in Rats After Splenectomy

Drugs and surgery can interfere with the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals and data about the effect of splenectomy on the metabolism of phytate-Tc-99m are scarce. This study aimed at evaluating the interference of splenectomy on phytate-Tc-99m biodistribution and liver function in rats. The SP group rats (n=6) underwent splenectomy. In group C (control) the animals were not operated on. After 15 days, all rats were injected with 0.1mL of Tc-99m-phytate via orbital plexus (0.66MBq). After 30 minutes, liver samples were harvested, weighed and the percentage of radioactivity per gram (%ATI-g) was determined by a Wizard Perkin-Elme gama counter. The ATI%-g in splenectomized rats (0.99±0.02) was significantly higher than in controls (0.4±0.02), (p=0.034). ALT, AST and HDL were significantly lower in SP rats (p= 0.001) and leukocytosis was observed in SP rats. In conclusion, splenectomy in rats changed the hepatic biodistribution of Tc-99m-phytate and liver enzimatic activity