Mandelic acid-4-hydroxylase, a new inducible entyme from Image

A soluble fraction of Image catalyzed the hydroxylation of mandelic acid to Image -hydroxymandelic acid. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 5.4 and showed an absolute requirement for Fe2+, tetrahydropteridine, NADPH. Image -Hydroxymandelate, the product of the enzyme reaction was identified by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, UV and IR-spectra.

The Structure of Monosodium Phosphoenolpyruvate

CDH406P-.Na +.H20 , M r = 208.0, is monoclinic, Cc, a = 11.423 (2), b = 23.253 (5), c - 6.604 (1) A, fl = 123.63 (1) °, U = 1460.6 A 3, D x =. 1.89 Mg m -a, Z = 8, 2(Mo Ka) = 0.7107 A, p(Mo Ka) = 0.44 mm -~, F(000) = 840. Final R = 0.063 for 1697 reflections.The two crystallographically independent molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (A and B) are almost mirror images of each other, the mirror being the planar enolpyruvate group. The torsion angle C(3)-C(2)- O(1)-P(1) is 122.6 in A and -112.0 ° in B, in contrast to -209.1 ° in PEP.K. The enolic C(2)-O(1) has a partial double-bond character [1.401 (A), 1.386A (B)]. The high-energy P~O bond (1.595 and 1.610A) is comparable to that in PEP.K (1.612 A). Na(1) has six nearest neighbours while Na(2) has only five. The Na + ions are involved in binding only the phosphates of different molecules, in contrast to the K ÷ ion in PEP. K, which binds to both the phosphate and carboxyl ends of the same molecule. The planar carboxyl groups stack on each other at an average distance of 3.2 A instead of forming hydrogen-bonded dimers usually found in carboxylate structures.

Development and psychometric properties of the DCDDaily: a new test for clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder

Objective To develop the DCDDaily, an instrument for objective and standardized clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living (ADL) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and to investigate its usability, reliability, and validity. Subjects Five to eight-year-old children with and without DCD. Main measures The DCDDaily was developed based on thorough review of the literature and extensive expert involvement. To investigate the usability (assessment time and feasibility), reliability (internal consistency and repeatability), and validity (concurrent and discriminant validity) of the DCDDaily, children were assessed with the DCDDaily and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test, and their parents filled in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Results 459 children were assessed (DCD group, n = 55; normative reference group, n = 404). Assessment was possible within 30 minutes and in any clinical setting. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s α = 0.83. Intraclass correlation = 0.87 for test–retest reliability and 0.89 for inter-rater reliability. Concurrent correlations with Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test and questionnaires were ρ = −0.494, 0.239, and −0.284, p < 0.001. Discriminant validity measures showed significantly worse performance in the DCD group than in the control group (mean (SD) score 33 (5.6) versus 26 (4.3), p < 0.001). The area under curve characteristic = 0.872, sensitivity and specificity were 80%. Conclusions The DCDDaily is a valid and reliable instrument for clinical assessment of capacity in ADL, that is feasible for use in clinical practice.

The Raman spectrum of cyclohexanol

The Raman spectrum of cyclohexanol has been studied in detail in the liquid state at 30° C. and at about 68° C. and in the solid state at about 13° C. The O-H stretching frequency of cyclohexanol has been found to extend from 3106-3571 cm.-1 in the liquid state at 30° C. and from 3204-3652 cm.-1 at 68° C. The 38 lines recorded in the present investigation have been following frequency shifts: 342, 408, 458, 478, 555, 653, 789, 834, 843, 863, 887, 920, 966, 978, 1024, 1047, 1070, 1139, 1173, 1184, 1210, 1235, 1252, 1301, 1329, 1346, 1362, 1438, 1448, 1464, 2660, 2684, 2710, 2854, 2896, 2925, 2940, 3106 to 3511 (band). Those lines which are italicized are the additional lines observed for the first time. The Raman lines at 966 cm.-1 and 1070 cm.-1 have been assigned to C-OH stretching vibrations of the axial and equatorial isomers. The ratio of the integrated intensity of the 1070 cm.-1 line to the 966 cm.-1 gave the equilibrium constant K as 2·896 at 30° C. and as 2·66 at 68° C. Knowing K, the free energy different Δ F was calculated and it was found to be 0·64 Kcal./mole at 30° C. and 0·66 Kcal./mole at about 68° C. Reasonable assignment has been made for most of the observed Raman lines.

Mandelic Acid 4-Hydroxylase - New Inducible Enzyme From Pseudomonas-Convexa

A soluble fraction of catalyzed the hydroxylation of mandelic acid to -hydroxymandelic acid. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 5.4 and showed an absolute requirement for Fe2+, tetrahydropteridine, NADPH. -Hydroxymandelate, the product of the enzyme reaction was identified by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, UV and IR-spectra

Luottamusmiesten sitoutuminen yritykseen ja ammattijärjestöönsä

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kartoittaa luottamusmiesten organisaatio- ja ammattijärjestösitoutumiseen liittyviä tekijöitä sekä kuvata eri tavoin sitoutuneita ryhmiä. Keskeisiä tutkimuskysymyksiä ovat siten: Rapauttavatko hyvät esimies-alaissuhteet ja sujuviksi koetut neuvottelusuhteet työnantajan ja ammattiyhdistyksen välillä perustaa luottamusmiesten ammattijärjestösitoutumiselta? Mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat luottamusmiehen organisaatio- ja ammattijärjestösitoutumisen taustalla? Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että oman johtajan/esimiehen ja luottamusmiehen välinen molemminpuolinen hyväksyntä ja siitä syntynyt motivoituneisuus ja työtyytyväisyys yhdistyneenä pitkän työsuhteen antamaan turvallisuuden tunteeseen ovat voimakkaammin pääkonttorien luottamusmiesten organisaatiositoutumisen taustalla. Kun taas kentän luottamusmiesten työssään kokema epävarmuus, oman työn autonomian puute, haasteeton työnjohtoilmasto tuntuivat aiheuttavan enemmän kritiikkiä työorganisaatiota kohtaan ja suuntaavan samaistumista oman ammattijärjestön suuntaan. Enemmistö tutkimuksen luottamusmiehistä oli kuitenkin kaksoissitoutuneita ja he kokivat ammattiliittonsa ja työnantajansa välisten suhteiden perustuvan yhteistyöhön ja luottamukseen organisaation johtoon. Luottamusmiesten sitoutuminen professioon ja työnantajaan näyttäisi olevan toinen vaihtoehtoinen tulevaisuuden kaksoissidoksen malli.

The Amenability Studies on Beneficiation of Low Grade Phyllite Deposits of Tungsten From Degana, Rajasthan

The phyllite deposit of Degana, Rajasthan, containing tungsten values in the form of wolframite, (Fe, MnWO sub 4 ) finely dispersed in the quartz groundmass, has been quantitatively analysed to give 0.063% WO sub 3 , 6.66% Fe sub 2 O sub 3 , 14.30% Al sub 2 O sub 3 and 67.4% SiO sub 2 . The major gangue minerals identified are quartz, iron oxides and mica along with minor amounts of graphite, fluorite and sulphides. The amenability of the ore to gravity concentration, magnetic separation and a combination of the processes has been studied. A combination of tabling on --100 mesh ground ore and dry magnetic separation of the tabled concentrate gave a final concentrate containing 1.834% WO sub 3 with an overall recovery of only 4.6%. The complex mineralogy combined with fine dispersion of very low W values have contributed to the low recoveries and grades. Graph, photomicrographs. 10 ref.--AA

Kinematics of pantograph masts

This paper deals with the kinematics of pantograph masts. Pantograph masts have widespread use in space application as deployable structures. They are over constrained mechanisms with degree-of-freedom, evaluated by the Grübler–Kutzback formula, as less than one. In this paper, a numerical algorithm is used to evaluate the degree-of-freedom of pantograph masts by obtaining the null space of a constraint Jacobian matrix. In the process redundant joints in the masts are obtained. A method based on symbolic computation, to obtain the closed-form kinematics equations of triangular and box shaped pantograph masts, is presented. In the process, the various configurations such masts can attain during deployment, are obtained. The closed-form solution also helps in identifying the redundant joints in the masts. The symbolic computations involving the Jacobian matrix also leads to a method to evaluate the global degree-of-freedom for these masts.

Photochromism of alkylisophthalaldehydes in the solid state: structure–reactivity correlations

The crystal and molecular structures of the photochromic compounds 2,5-dimethylisophthalaldehyde (I) and 5-isopropyl-2-methylisophthalaldehyde (II) have been determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. The intramolecular gamma-hydrogen abstraction process involved in the photoenolisation of I and II in the solid state has been rationalised in the light of relevant geometrical parameters.

On limiting cases in the flexure of simply supported regular polygonal plates

Limiting solutions are derived for the flexure of simply supported many-sided regular polygons, as the number of sides is increased indefinitely. It is shown that these solutions are different from those for simply supported circular plates. For axisymmetric loading, circular plate solutions overestimate the deflexions and the moments by significant factors.

Unsteady free convection flow over an infinite vertical porous plate due to the combined effects of thermal and mass diffusion, magnetic field and Hall currents

The unsteady free convection flow over an infinite vertical porous plate, which moves with time-dependent velocity in an ambient fluid, has been studied. The effects of the magnetic field and Hall current are included in the analysis. The buoyancy forces arise due to both the thermal and mass diffusion. The partial differential equations governing the flow have been solved numerically using both the implicit finite difference scheme and the difference-differential method. For the steady case, analytical solutions have also been obtained. The effect of time variation on the skin friction, heat transfer and mass transfer is very significant. Suction increases the skin friction coefficient in the primary flow, and also the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, but the skin friction coefficient in the secondary flow is reduced. The effect of injection is opposite to that of suction. The buoyancy force, injection and the Hall parameter induce an overshoot in the velocity profiles in the primary flow which changes the velocity gradient from a negative to a positive value, but the magnetic field and suction reduce this velocity overshoot.

Preparation of a ZrO2–Al2O3 nanocomposite by high-pressure sintering of spray-pyrolyzed powders

ZrO2–Al2O3 powders were synthesized by spray pyrolysis. These powders were sintered at 1 GPa in the temperature range of 700–1100 °C. The microstructural evolution and densification are reported in this paper. The application of 1 Gpa pressure lowers the crystallization temperature from ∼850 to <700 °C. Similarly, the transformation temperature under 1 GPa pressure for γ → α–Al2O3 reduces from ∼1100 to 700–800 °C range, and that for t → m ZrO2 reduces from ∼1050 to 700–800 °C range. It was possible to obtain highly dense nanocrystalline ZrO2–Al2O3 composite at temperatures as low as 700 °C. The effect of high pressure on nucleation and transformation of phases is discussed.

Altruistic Wasps?

Polistes dominulus is one of the most common social wasps in Europe and is an invasive species in the United States. Its wide prevalence has made it one of the best-studied social wasps. In most social wasps, the female wasps live in a colony and organize themselves into a behavioral dominance hierarchy such that only the dominant alpha individual (the queen) reproduces while the rest function as apparently altruistic, sterile subordinates (workers), building the nest, foraging for food and pulp, and feeding and caring for the brood. Why should workers invest their time and energy helping to rear the queen's brood, rather than found their own nests and rear their own brood—something they are quite capable of? On page 874 of this issue, Leadbeater et al. (1) show that the subordinates indeed produce their own offspring and this raises interesting questions about the links between altruism, direct reproduction, and the evolution of social behavior.