The presence in the Marche of Sericostoma siculum McL. (Insecta-Trichoptera). Translation from: Boll.Soc.eustachiana 43(2), 47-50, 1950]

The caddisfly (Trichoptera) Sericostoma siculum was found in the Marche region in Italy. The article summarises biology and ecology of the caddisfly, focusing on the larvae stage.

Avoided temperatures by young fish [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.50, 45-47, 1981]

Directed local changes of water temperature for the purpose of controlling the behaviour of fish are based on the knowledge of the characteristics of seasonal-age dynamics of their thermoadaptation possibilities. These possibilities are still inadequately studied especially in relation to avoided temperatures. By the authors the attempt was made to determine zones of avoided temperatures for the young of five species of fish (bream, roach, blue bream, perch, peled) in the summer period of the year, and also to assess the influence on them of additional factors, in particular mechanical driving. In parallel in two-fold repetition were conducted experiments on the determination of selected, shock and lethal temperatures of these fish. Experiments were conducted with fish, caught in the littoral of the Rybinsk reservoir.

Influence of starvation on selected temperatures in the young of bream, roach and perch [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.50, 45-47, 1981]

Works devoted to the influence of starvation on temperature selection by fishes are few and their conclusions are contradictory. This study determined the influence of brief, up to 14 days, starvation on temperature selection by young fishes. The experiments were carried out in August-September 1976 on fingerling bream (Abramis brama L.), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) and perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) with body lengths of 3-5 cm and weight 0.5-1.2 g. The young fish were caught in the littoral by seine-nets or small drag-nets. Immediately after catching the fish they were put in acclimatization boxes. The period of acclimatization did not exceed 2 days for bream and roach at a temperature of 20 °C and 6 days for perch at 17 °C. Before the start of the experiment and for the first 10 days of the experiment the fish were fed with oligochaetes, earthworms and daphnia, after that feeding discontinued. At the end of a 10-14 day period the giving of food was resumed. The study concludes that the experiments have shown that in the summer season the factor of starvation significantly changes the reaction to the gradient of temperature in young cyprihids - roach and bream.

Front pages with contents of No. 47, 1989.

Cover, Table of Contents

Back pages of No. 47, 1989

Back cover

神农架地区米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林的格局与过程

本文对神农架地区广泛分布的米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林的种群和群落学特征、干扰历史、更新策略、生物量、生产量及元素循环特征进行了研究。得到如下结论： 1 米心水青冈林是神农架地区山地垂直分布的地带性植被类型，主要群落学特征为：（1）建群种明显，该区域主要有2种类型，即米心水青冈林和米心水青冈、锐齿槲栎林;（2）群落结构简单，但物种组成丰富，在6600m~2样地中出现高等植物（不含苔藓植物）77科150属271种，组成种类以蔷薇科、百合科、忍冬科、虎耳草科、樟科、杜鹃花科和壳斗科为主;（3）群落乔木层（占重要值的12％）和灌木层（占盖度的15％）中含有一定比例的常绿树种;（4）群落生活型以高位芽植物（70.89%）占绝对优势，其次为地面芽植物（15.50%）和地下芽植物(12.92%)。 2 米心水青冈是多主干的树种，萌枝现象普遍，但萌枝数量不同地点差异较大。通过萌枝产生的枝群体平均密度为257 ± 99.3n•hm~(-2)。枝群体的年龄结构表现为“幼龄个体数目较多型”和“中国年龄阶段数目较多型”，并且有较多的枝群体表现出一致的年龄结构。从整个群落米心水青冈的年龄结构来看，表现出发展型种群的特点。枝群体的分布格局为随机分布。9丛米心水青冈完整的年轮分析结果表明，它们萌枝的时间不是边疆的，而与森林的受干扰有关。根据83个圆盘和生长锥芯资料，米心水青冈在萌枝后成长为乔木层或林冠层的过程中，径向生长表现为5种模式。这是丛株内竞争的结果。萌枝在米心水青冈林的维持和发展过程中，具有重要的生态学作用。 3 锐齿槲栎林是神农架地区山地垂地分布的地带性植被类型，主要群落学特征为：（1）建群种明显，该区域主要有2种类型，即锐齿槲栎林和锐齿槲栎、米心水青冈林;（2）群落乔木层和灌木层中含有一定比例的常绿树种，和暖温带的落叶栎林有较大差异;（3）群落物种组成丰富，不仅具有典型的温带科属，还有典型亚热带分布的科属，组成种类主要以蔷薇科、百合科、忍冬科、虎耳草科、山茱萸科、杜鹃花科、壳斗科和樟科;（4）生活型以高位芽植物（66.32%）占绝对优势，其次为地面芽（23.51%）和地下芽（9.47%）植物。 4 通过样地调查、树干解析及直径分析法，对米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林受压和释压历史及更新策略进行了研究。米心水青冈直径生长表现为5种模式。而锐齿槲栎只表现为2种模式。85.9 ± 6.9%的米心水青冈有过受压过程，平均受压2.1 ± 0.8次，平均受压时间为47 ± 24.1a，最长受压时间73a，平均释压次数为1.6 ± 0.7次，平均释压时间为23 ± 21.5a，而60.83%的锐齿槲栎都均有1次受压。平均受压时间为19 ± 14a，受压后没有表现出释压过程。结合高生长和径向生长，认为米心水青冈是耐阴树种，它的更新策略是在林下形成苗性萌枝，在有林窗形成时释压生长进入乔木层;而锐齿槲栎是不耐阴树种，它的更新策略是通过产生大量种子，当有大的林窗时，幼苗在林窗内生长逐步进入乔木层。 5 神农架地区102-130a成熟米心水青冈林的生物量在251.31-358.63T•hm~(-2)之间，平均为288.70 ± 48.30T•~(-2)，20-60a锐齿槲栎林群落生物量在134.85-301.20T•hm~(-2)，平均为231.60 ± 78.10T•hm~(-2)。虽然米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林灌木层草本层及藤本植物组成很丰富，但二种类型森林生物量的95％以上集中在乔木层。乔木层生物量主要集中在少数优势种中。在米心水青冈林生物量从大到小的序列中，前5种植物分别占乔木层总生物量58.67%-96.37%不等，同样锐齿槲栎林前5种植物占群落生物量的68.13%-95.26%。常绿植物占乔木层生物量的比例变化较大，米心水青冈林中占2.85-18.70%，锐齿槲栎林中一般常绿植物占0.8-9.98%，只有1个锐齿槲栎林样地常绿植物（主要是粉白杜鹃）占乔木层生物量的44.04%。米心水青冈林生物量根冠比为0.27 ± 0.05，锐齿槲栎林为0.21 ± 0.06。神农架地区米心水青冈林的生物量，在成熟的欧洲水青冈林及日本的水青冈林生物量范围之内，而锐齿槲栎林生物量远远大于我国温带落叶栎林的生物量。 6 神农架地区102-130a米心水青冈林生产量范围在1857-2786g•m~(-2)•a~(-1)，平均为2330 ± 397 g•m~(-2)•a~(-1)。20-60a锐齿槲栎林的生产量范围在1319-2521 g•m~(-2)•a~(-1)，平均为1930 ± 498 g•m~(-2)•a~(-1)。米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林乔木层生产量占群落总生产量的95％以上，乔木层各器官生产量大小顺序为叶> 树干> 枝和根，其中叶生产量占乔木层的一半以上，达53.87 ± 2.72%（米心水青冈林）和57.31 ± 6.23%（锐齿槲栎林）。在乔木层生产量从大到小的序列中，前5种植物平均占乔木层总生产量的81.03 ± 13.94%（米心水青冈林，范围在62.75%-92.66%）和84.23 ± 9.68%（锐齿槲栎林，范围在68.54-95.11%）。米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林群落地下部分生产量占总生产量的比例分别为11.29 ± 1.02%和9.22 ± 2.72。和我国其它地区地带性植被类型相比。米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎生产量是较高的，和亚热带绿阔叶林生产量接近，但在器官分配上两者差异较大。 7 米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林土壤均呈酸性。其中锐齿槲栎林地土壤酸性更强。土壤元素特征表现为Al>C>K>Mg>Ca>N>S、P的特点，富铝化作用明显。8种元素在群落优势植物不同部位含量差异较大，N、P、K、Ca、Mg基本上是以叶片含量最高，树干或根中最低。仅从叶片来看，元素特征表现为C>Ca、N>K>Mg>S>P、Al。优势植物的C/N和C/P显著高于暖温带落叶阔叶林优势植物。8种元素在米心水青冈林和锐齿槲栎林中积累量分别为147.09 ± 25.60和116.00 ± 37.63 Mg hm~(-2)a~(-1)，其中97％以上积累在群落乔木层。两种森林类型各元素的积累量都表现为C>Ca, N> K> Mg> P> S> Al的特点。米心水青风林和锐齿槲栎林8种元素的年存留量分别为6263 ± 90.8和5946 ±246 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1),其中N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种主要营养元素的存留量分别为179.7 ± 18.2和169.4 ± 23.5kg hm~(-2) a~(-1)。两种森林类型各元素的存留量都表现为C> N> Ca> K> Mg> S> P> Al。

47,XY,+dcl(9)(q34)wcp(9+)/46,XY伴隐睾一例

患儿男,10岁,因"双侧隐睾"就诊.患儿系足月、顺产、5岁时发现头颅大,经医院诊断为脑积水.几岁时做双侧隐睾手术.患儿身高120 cm.头颅发育不规则,颜面不对称,自小严重的智力低下,说话不清.

江汉平原47号钻孔中的化石硅藻及其在古环境分析上的意义

江汉平原47号钻孔,位于湖北省江汉平原的江陵县,在其上段的46.6-2.2m层位上,有丰富的化石硅藻,约有26属148种,其中绝大多数是现存的淡水种类,并以附生性、沿岸带和浅水性的种类为主。种类较多的属有:Navicula(28种)、Cymbella(23种)、Achnanthes(15种)、Gomphonema(14种)和Eunotia(13种)。主要种类有Gomphonema tropicale var. nonpunctatum、Cyclotella comta、Cocconeis placemul

江汉平原47号钻孔中化石硅藻的新种类

在江汉平原47号钻孔中的46.60—2.20m层位上(上更新统到全新统),含有丰富的化石硅藻,经鉴定有4个新种类,即Cymbella jianghanensis sp.nov.,C.tenuistriata sp.nov.,C.cistula(Hempr.) Grun.var.retcta var.nov.,Gomphonema tropicale Brun var.nonpunctatum var.nov..同时,对一个变种进行了重新命名和特征修改,即Eunotia clevei Grun.var.ob

Effect of buffer layer growth conditions on the secondary hexagonal phase content in cubic GaN films on GaAs(001) substrates

In this letter, we investigated the effect of the buffer layer growth conditions on the secondary hexagonal phase content in cubic GaN films on GaAs(0 0 1) substrate. The reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern of the low-temperature GaN buffer layers shows that both the deposition temperature and time are important in obtaining a smooth surface. Four-circle X-ray double-crystal diffraction (XRDCD) reciprocal space mapping was used to study the hexagonal phase inclusions in the cubic GaN (c-GaN) films grown on the buffer layers. The calculation of the volume contents of the hexagonal phase shows that higher temperature and longer time deposition of the buffer layer is not preferable for growing pure c-GaN film. Under optimized condition, 47 meV FWHM of near band gap emission of the c-GaN film was achieved. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.