CIRAS News, Winter/Spring 2009, Vol. 44, no. 2

CIRAS is to enhance the performance of Iowa industry, and associated entities, through education and technology-based services. This newsletter holds information regarding these services.

Decreased pyramidal neuron size in Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in patients with autism.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and social communication, as well as by the presence of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and interests. Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the inferior frontal cortex, which are involved in language processing, imitation function, and sociality processing networks, have been implicated in this complex disorder. Using a stereologic approach, this study aims to explore the presence of neuropathological differences in areas 44 and 45 in patients with autism compared to age- and hemisphere-matched controls. Based on previous evidence in the fusiform gyrus, we expected to find a decrease in the number and size of pyramidal neurons as well as an increase in volume of layers III, V, and VI in patients with autism. We observed significantly smaller pyramidal neurons in patients with autism compared to controls, although there was no difference in pyramidal neuron numbers or layer volumes. The reduced pyramidal neuron size suggests that a certain degree of dysfunction of areas 44 and 45 plays a role in the pathology of autism. Our results also support previous studies that have shown specific cellular neuropathology in autism with regionally specific reduction in neuron size, and provide further evidence for the possible involvement of the mirror neuron system, as well as impairment of neuronal networks relevant to communication and social behaviors, in this disorder.

Development of Evaluation, Rehabilitation, and Strengthening Concepts for Low Volume Bridges, Phase I Progress Report, HR-323, 1990

The primary objective of this project is to develop a design manual that would aid the county or municipal engineer in making structurally sound bridge strengthening or replacement decisions. The contents of this progress report are related only to Phase I of the study and deal primarily with defining the extent of the bridge problem in Iowa. In addition, the types of bridges to which the manual should be directed have been defined.

Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network: Weekly Activity Report Week 44, November 7, 2015

The Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network (IISN) was established in 2004, though surveillance has been conducted at the Iowa Department of Public Health. Schools and long-term care facilities report data weekly into a Web-based reporting system. Schools report the number of students absent due to illness and the total enrolled. Long-term care facilities report cases of influenza and vaccination status of each case. Both passively report outbreaks of illness, including influenza, to IDPH.

Paschase Ratbert, sur S. Matthieu, livres 9-12, et sur le psaume 44.

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) XIIe s.: cf. n°266; 1621: n°172 Ex-libris : f.1 : « ex libris Sti. Petri Corbeiensis » ; — « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Transfusion practice in early trauma management

Introduction: Blood transfusions carry risks and complications. At the University Hospital of Lausanne the need for transfusion in early trauma resuscitation is based on clinical judgment and standard laboratory tests. We aimed to assess the transfusion practice for trauma patients during their early management. Method: Based on 2008 data from the Lausanne Trauma Registry of Acute Care (TRAC), we analyzed all adult trauma patients admitted to the shock room who received blood products or pro-coagulants in shock room and/or during their emergency operation. Demographics, physiological parameters and lab tests were recorded at arrival and at the end of anesthesiologic management. Coagulopathy was defined as PT <70%, PTT >60 sec, Fibrinogen <1 g/l or Thrombocytes <100 x 109 g/l. Results: In 2008, 323 trauma-patients were included in TRAC. 55 patients (17%) received blood products or pro-coagulants. 44 (83%) had an ISS >15 (med 29, IQR 10-35.5). 43 (78.2%) needed an emergency intervention. Coagulopathy was present in 25 patients (45.5%) at arrival vs. 30 (54.5%) after resuscitation (p = 0.446).

Qualidade pós-colheita dos genótipos de banana PA42-44 e Prata-Anã cultivados no norte de Minas Gerais

A suscetibilidade a doenças de grande impacto econômico põe em risco a viabilidade econômica da bananicultura. A melhor estratégia para controle destas doenças, do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental, é a utilização de cultivares resistentes. Porém, estas devem apresentar, além de boas características de produtividade, um bom sabor e facilidade para manuseio e transporte como requisitos para aceitação do mercado. Portanto, este trabalho visou a avaliar características pós-colheita do genótipo PA42-44 resistente ao mal-do-panamá, sigatoka-amarela e negra, comparando à cultivar 'Prata-Anã', bastante difundida, porém suscetível às doenças citadas. Para tal, bananas de cada um dos genótipos foram colhidas e armazenadas à temperatura de 22 ± 1°C e umidade relativa de 75 ± 5% até atingirem determinado índice de coloração para avaliação. As bananas foram avaliadas nos índices de coloração 2; 3; 4; 5 e 6, segundo a escala de notas de Von Loesecke. As variáveis avaliadas foram: firmeza, pH, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT e despencamento. Também foi verificado qual dos genótipos amadurece mais rapidamente, analisando a modificação da cor das bananas por 12 dias. Finalmente, foi realizada a análise sensorial para os atributos aparência, aceitabilidade, firmeza e doçura de ambos os genótipos. As bananas PA42-44, quando comparadas à 'Prata-Anã', nos mesmos índices de coloração, encontravam-se em processo mais avançado de amadurecimento. Porém, quando avaliadas em função do período de armazenamento, a 'Prata-Anã' amadureceu mais rapidamente. As bananas PA42-44 são menos firmes e bem mais suscetíveis ao despencamento que as bananas 'Prata-Anã'. Já as características sensoriais dos genótipos foram iguais quanto à preferência.

ÄLYKKÄIDEN PALVELUJEN JA YHTEYSPALVELIMEN TOTEUTUS H.323-VIESTINTÄVERKKOON

Soneran IP-viestintäverkko on monipuolisia viestintäpalveluita asiakkaille tarjoava palvelualusta. Palveluihin kuuluvat ITU-T:n H.323-suosituksen mukaiset ääni- ja videopuhelut. Työssä toteutettiin viestintäverkkoon kokonaisuus, joka tarjoaa verkon käyttäjille puheluiden kytkennän ja reitityksen sekä useita älykkäitä palveluita. Kokonaisuus koostuu kahdesta komponentista. Puheluiden kytkemisen ja reitityksen sekä signaloinnin hoitaa H.323-suosituksen mukainen yhteyspalvelin Sonera Gatekeeper. Palvelujen toteuttamiseen tarvittavat tiedot säilytetään LDAP-hakemistossa. Työssä esitellään yleisimpiä suosituksia, joita käytetään äänen, videokuvan ja muun median siirtämiseen tietoverkoissa. Tarkimmin käsitellään H.323-suositusta ja muita työssä käytettyjä suosituksia. Lisäksi tarkastellaan työssä hyödynnettyjä ohjelmointirajapintoja ja vertaillaan toteutettua IP-pohjaista älykkäiden palvelujen toteutustapaa tavallisen puhelinverkon asiakkaille vastaavia palveluita tarjoavaan älyverkkoon. Lopuksi esitellään toteutettujen ohjelmistojen rakennetta.