999 resultados para 26-258


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The performance of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) in simulating an extreme rainfall event is evaluated, and subsequently the physical mechanisms leading to its initiation and sustenance are explored. As a case study, the heavy precipitation event that led to 65 cm of rainfall accumulation in a span of around 6 h (1430 LT-2030 LT) over Santacruz (Mumbai, India), on 26 July, 2005, is selected. Three sets of numerical experiments have been conducted. The first set of experiments (EXP1) consisted of a four-member ensemble, and was carried out in an idealized mode with a model grid spacing of 1 km. In spite of the idealized framework, signatures of heavy rainfall were seen in two of the ensemble members. The second set (EXP2) consisted of a five-member ensemble, with a four-level one-way nested integration and grid spacing of 54, 18, 6 and 1 km. The model was able to simulate a realistic spatial structure with the 54, 18, and 6 km grids; however, with the 1 km grid, the simulations were dominated by the prescribed boundary conditions. The third and final set of experiments (EXP3) consisted of a five-member ensemble, with a four-level one-way nesting and grid spacing of 54, 18, 6, and 2 km. The Scaled Lagged Average Forecasting (SLAF) methodology was employed to construct the ensemble members. The model simulations in this case were closer to observations, as compared to EXP2. Specifically, among all experiments, the timing of maximum rainfall, the abrupt increase in rainfall intensities, which was a major feature of this event, and the rainfall intensities simulated in EXP3 (at 6 km resolution) were closest to observations. Analysis of the physical mechanisms causing the initiation and sustenance of the event reveals some interesting aspects. Deep convection was found to be initiated by mid-tropospheric convergence that extended to lower levels during the later stage. In addition, there was a high negative vertical gradient of equivalent potential temperature suggesting strong atmospheric instability prior to and during the occurrence of the event. Finally, the presence of a conducive vertical wind shear in the lower and mid-troposphere is thought to be one of the major factors influencing the longevity of the event.

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A structural investigation of cubic oxides (space group I23) of the formula Bi(26-x)M(x)O(40-delta) (M = Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Pb) related to the Y-Bi2O3 phase has been carried out by the Rietveld profile analysis of high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data in order to establish the cation distributions. Compositional dependence of the cation distribution has been examined in the case of Bi26-xCoxO40-delta (1 < x < 16). The study reveals that in Bi(26-X)M(X)O(40-delta) with M = Ti, Mn, Fe, Co or Pb, the M cations tend to occupy tetrahedral (2a) sites when x < 2 while the octahedral (24f) sites are shared by the excess Co or Ni cations with Bi atoms when x > 2. Also experimental magnetic moments of Mn, Co and Ni derivatives have been used to establish the valence state and distribution of these cations.

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Total synthesis of the naturally occurring phytotoxic phthalides, silvaticol 7, zinniol 5 and the phthalides 1 and 2, is reported from the substrate 16 derived from the Alder-Rickert reaction of 1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-trimethylslyloxycyclohexa-1,3-diene 15 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.

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A decentralized emission inventories are prepared for road transport sector of India in order to design and implement suitable technologies and policies for appropriate mitigation measures. Globalization and liberalization policies of the government in 90's have increased the number of road vehicles nearly 92.6% from 1980–1981 to 2003–2004. These vehicles mainly consume non-renewable fossil fuels, and are a major contributor of green house gases, particularly CO2 emission. This paper focuses on the statewise road transport emissions (CO2, CH4, CO, NOx, N2O, SO2, PM and HC), using region specific mass emission factors for each type of vehicles. The country level emissions (CO2, CH4, CO, NOx, N2O, SO2 and NMVOC) are calculated for railways, shipping and airway, based on fuel types. In India, transport sector emits an estimated 258.10 Tg of CO2, of which 94.5% was contributed by road transport (2003–2004). Among all the states and Union Territories, Maharashtra's contribution is the largest, 28.85 Tg (11.8%) of CO2, followed by Tamil Nadu 26.41 Tg (10.8%), Gujarat 23.31 Tg (9.6%), Uttar Pradesh 17.42 Tg (7.1%), Rajasthan 15.17 Tg (6.22%) and, Karnataka 15.09 Tg (6.19%). These six states account for 51.8% of the CO2 emissions from road transport.

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The Notch signalling pathway is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes throughout metazoan development. Although the downstream mechanism of Notch signalling has been extensively studied, the details of its ligand-mediated receptor activation are not clearly understood. Although the role of Notch ELRs EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like-repeats] 11-12 in ligand binding is known, recent studies have suggested interactions within different ELRs of the Notch receptor whose significance remains to be understood. Here, we report critical inter-domain interactions between human Notch1 ELRs 21-30 and the ELRs 11-15 that are modulated by calcium. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the interaction between ELRs 21-30 and ELRs 11-15 is similar to 10-fold stronger than that between ELRs 11-15 and the ligands. Although there was no interaction between Notch 1 ELRs 21-30 and the ligands in vitro, addition of pre-clustered Jagged1Fc resulted in the dissociation of the preformed complex between ELRs 21-30 and 11-15, suggesting that inter-domain interactions compete for ligand binding. Furthermore, the antibodies against ELRs 21-30 inhibited ligand binding to the full-length Notch1 and subsequent receptor activation, with the antibodies against ELRs 25-26 being the most effective. These results suggest that the ELRs 25-26 represent a cryptic ligand-binding site which becomes exposed only upon the presence of the ligand. Thus, using specific antibodies against various domains of the Notch1 receptor, we demonstrate that, although ELRs 11-12 are the principal ligand-binding site, the ELRs 25-26 serve as a secondary binding site and play an important role in receptor activation.

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Three refractory coarse grained CAIs from the Efremovka CV3 chondrite, one (E65) previously shown to have formed with live Ca-41, were studied by ion microprobe for their Al-26-Mg-26 and Be-10-B-10 systematic in order to better understand the origin of Be-10. The high precision Al-Mg data and the inferred Al-26/Al-27 values attest that the precursors of the three CAIs evolved in the solar nebula over a period of few hundred thousand years before last melting-crystallization events. The initial Be-10/Be-9 ratios and delta B-10 values defined by the Be-10 isochrons for the three Efremovka CAIs are similar within errors. The CAI Be-10 abundance in published data underscores the large range for initial Be-10/Be-9 ratios. This is contrary to the relatively small range of Al-26/Al-27 variations in CAIs around the canonical ratio. Two models that could explain the origin of this large Be-10/Be-9 range are assessed from the collateral variations predicted for the initial delta B-10 values: (i) closed system decay of Be-10 from a ``canonical'' Be-10/Be-9 ratio and (ii) formation of CAIs from a mixture of solid precursors and nebula gas irradiated during up to a few hundred thousand years. The second scenario is shown to be the most consistent with the data. This shows that the major fraction of Be-10 in CAIs was produced by irradiation of refractory grains, while contributions of galactic cosmic rays trapping and early solar wind irradiation are less dominant. The case for Be-10 production by solar cosmic rays irradiation of solid refractory precursors poses a conundrum for Ca-41 because the latter is easily produced by irradiation and should be more abundant than what is observed in CAIs. Be-10 production by irradiation from solar energetic particles requires high Ca-41 abundance in early solar system, however, this is not observed in CAIs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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One of the desired properties for any new biomaterial composition is its long-term stability in a suitable animal model and such property cannot be appropriately assessed by performing short-term implantation studies. While hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioglass coated metallic biomaterials are being investigated for in vivo biocompatibility properties, such study is not extensively being pursued for bulk glass ceramics. In view of their inherent brittle nature, the implant stability as well as impact of long-term release of metallic ions on bone regeneration have been a major concern. In this perspective, the present article reports the results of the in vivo implantation experiments carried out using 100% strontium (Sr)-substituted glass ceramics with the nominal composition of 4.5 SiO2-3Al(2)O(3)-1.5P(2)O(5)-3SrO-2SrF(2) for 26 weeks in cylindrical bone defects in rabbit model. The combination of histological and micro-computed tomography analysis provided a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the bone regeneration around the glass ceramic implants in comparison to the highly bioactive HA bioglass implants (control). The sequential polychrome labeling of bone during in vivo osseointegration using three fluorochromes followed by fluorescence microscopy observation confirmed homogeneous bone formation around the test implants. The results of the present study unequivocally confirm the long-term implant stability as well as osteoconductive property of 100% Sr-substituted glass ceramics, which is comparable to that of a known bioactive implant, that is, HA-based bioglass. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1168-1179, 2015.

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Contenido: Palabras del Señor Rector / Guillermo P. Blanco – Testimonio / Juan Roberto Courrèges – Historia de un fervor / Teresa Iris Giovacchini – Homenaje / Luis Martínez Cuitiño – Paul Claudel en una de sus “Odas” / Ángel J. Battistessa – Apertura de Nuevos Mundos: 1492-1969 (Documentos igualmente augurales) / Raúl H. Castagnino – Valor condicional de adjetivos con rasgos de predicativos / Hilda Albano de Vázquez – Buzzati, dos en uno / Daniel H. Capano – La estructura circular de “Adán Buenosayres” / Norma Carricaburo – Una constante poética en la producción dramática de Armando Discépolo: continuidad e innovación en el realismo / Jorge Adrián Dubatti – La Saya/Fuga de J. B. o la novela épico-lúdica de un juglar laborioso / Teresa Iris Giovacchini – Algunas notas sobre el didactismo del Libro de Buen Amor / Elsa C. González Bolia – La “Noche oscura”, de San Juan de la Cruz, poema en diálogo / Teresa Herraiz de Tresca – Bernal Díaz del Castillo y las comunicaciones hispano-aztecas / Ernesto Livacic Gazzano – Hacia una teoría borgeana de la recepción / Luis Martínez Cuitiño – El Árbol, el Bosque y John Fowles (A propósito de la reedición de “The tree”) / Rosa E. M. D. Penna – El orden primero recuperado: “Le livre de Christophe Colomb de Paul Claudel / Paulette Rachou – La Torre de Apolidón y el influjo del Libro de Marco Polo en el Amadís de Gaula / Aquilino Suárez Pallasá – Jorge Manrique en la tradición literaria del amor y de la muerte / Lía Noemí Uriarte Rebaudi – Reseñas bibliográficas

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Contenido: ¿Europeos o americanos? / La Dirección – Kierkegaard y Marx / Cornelio Fabro – Panorama filosófico en el Méjico actual / José Rubén Sanabria – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

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Resumen: El presente artículo presenta las razones jurídicas que fundan la inconstitucionalidad de la ley argentina 26.618 de legalización de las uniones de personas del mismo sexo. Parte del reconocimiento de la igual dignidad esencial de todas las personas y analiza luego la reforma del matrimonio civil dispuesto por la ley 26.618 y la necesidad de reglamentación previa y específica del vínculo filiatorio y de parentesco por adopción y la improcedencia de la aplicación de las técnicas de procreación asistida en las uniones homosexuales o lésbicas. Señala cómo esta legislación afecta a terceros: al menor de edad en desamparo familiar, a la persona por nacer y, también, al matrimonio, a la familia y a la sociedad. El desarrollo presenta los argumentos por los cuales se sostiene que esta ley ha hecho una extensión irrazonable del nombre de matrimonio. También se cuestiona la “cláusula complementaria” prevista por la ley, que evidencia el abuso cometido y la imposibilidad de legislar sin lógica. Considera la actuación de los legisladores y la violación de lo anticipado en las respectivas plataformas electorales y señala que el matrimonio es una realidad anterior al derecho positivo. Finaliza con reflexiones sobre el límite objetivo que surge de la realidad y el riesgo caos social y jurídico-político y la necesidad de derogación de la ley 26.618.

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La cooperación científica sueca en la Universidad Nacional Agraria inició en el año 1986, teniendo como contraparte a la Agencia Sueca para la Cooperación en Investigación (SAREC), quien administró la cooperación hasta 1995, año en que dicha institución se integra a la estructura de la Agencia Sueca para el Desarrollo Internacional (Asdi). Durante los primeros años la cooperación se orientó a la capacitación institucional a través de becas de dos años otorgadas a académicos para la obtención de maestrías en ciencias. Para el año 1995, la cooperación decide dar un salto, continuando con la formación a nivel de doctorado con un tiempo de duración de cinco años. El modelo de estudios utilizado fue el método sándwich donde la investigación se realizaba en Nicaragua y los cursos se tomaban en Suecia u otro país. La contraparte de la UNA en esta colaboración fue la Universidad de Ciencias Agrícolas de Suecia (Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet - SLU). En el año 1997 se amplió el apoyo hacia la formación de capacidades institucionales. Suecia apoyó el fortalecimiento de la administración de la investigación científica, infraestructura (plataformas de tecnología, informática y laboratorios), el acceso a publicaciones electrónicas, etc., con la intención de desarrollar las capacidades, fomentar la capacidad analítica y generar conocimientos con base científica que respondieran a niveles internacionales. Producto de esta cooperación, la capacitad de investigación ha aumentado en torno a temas vinculados a Nutrición y genética Animal, Control Biológico de Plagas, Manejo Integrado de Plagas, Gestión de la Fertilización, Manejo de Cuencas Hidrográficas, Restauración de Ecosistemas Degradados, Manejo de Áreas Protegidas, Agronomía y Biotecnología de Raíces y Tubérculos, Agro forestaría, Ordenamiento Territorial, Medicina Homeopática, Recursos Genéticos, Seguridad Alimentaria, Turismo y Desarrollo Rural. También, se mejoró la calidad de los programas de cooperación y se cuenta con docentes capacitados para tutorar estudiantes a nivel de grado y posgrado. La cooperación científica ha dado resultados positivos en varios aspectos; hasta mediados del año 2011 han alcanzado el grado de maestría 22 académicos de la institución y 17 el grado de doctor. Se han publicado 93 artículos científicos y bajo un programa de fondos competitivos se financiaron un total de 91 proyectos de investigación, seleccionados mediante un proceso abierto y transparente. La UNA actualmente cuenta con capacidades para ofrecer educación de maestrías a nivel local. El fortalecimiento de la UNA ha contribuido a mejorar el nivel de eficacia, así como la gestión de la investigación científica, se formularon las políticas de investigación, y se crearon espacios de intercambio con actores claves del sistema de investigación. El apoyo de Asdi en tecnología de la información en la UNA ha contribuido a un mayor acceso al conocimiento para los investigadores y estudiantes, a través de publicaciones científicas y redes internacionales.

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Resumen: El artículo considera los derechos y deberes de médicos y pacientes, especialmente luego de la sanción de la ley 26.529, destacando sus temas relevantes, aquellos que habían dado lugar a distintas interpretaciones tanto en la jurisprudencia, como en la doctrina. Se tratan, así, la historia clínica y el consentimiento informado, precisándose sus conceptos, formas, funciones e interpretaciones. Similar atención merecen las directivas anticipadas de salud, el “testamento vital”, las posibilidades del médico y sus posibles objeciones de conciencia. De igual modo la autonomía de la voluntad del paciente, su libertad y responsabilidad. Se considera la eutanasia, precisándose que no es un derecho del paciente. Se estudia el secreto profesional del médico, a la luz de las contradictorias normas legales vigentes y jurisprudencia consecuente, para detenerse en la más reciente decisión de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación en su actual composición. Finalmente se precisan los conceptos de las responsabilidades de médicos y órganos sanitarios, con la posibilidad de su aseguramiento y el conflicto de algunas de las coberturas que se otorgan en plaza, como la conocida claims made.