Silva Fennica Vol. 26, 1992.

Julkaistu Silva Fennica Vol. 26(4) -numeron liitteenä.

Dental identification and aspects of medico-legal investigations of the Finnish victims of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004

Tsunami waves of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004 claimed approximately 230 000 lives and started the biggest identification operation in Interpol's history. The aim of this study was to resolve methods of the identification and results received. The viewpoint is mainly that of forensic odontology, but also includes other means of identification and results of the medico-legal examination performed in Finland. Of the 5395 victims in Thailand, approximately 2 400 were foreigners from 36 nations including 177 Finnish nationals. Additionally, a Finnish woman perished in Sri Lanka and a severely injured man after the evacuation in a hospital. The final numbers of missing persons and dead bodies registered in the Information Management Centre in Phuket,Thailand, were 3 574 ante-mortem (AM) and 3 681 post-mortem (PM) files. The number of identifications by December 2006 was 3 271 or 89% of the victims registered. Of Finnish victims, 172 have been identified in Thailand and 163 repatriated to Finland. One adult and four children are still missing. For AM data, a list of Finnish missing persons including 178 names was published on 30 December 2004. By February 2005 all useful dental AM data were available. Five persons on the list living in Finland lacked records. Based on the AM database, for the children under age 18 years (n=60) dental identification could be established for 12 (20%). The estimated number for adults (n=112) was 96 (86%). The final identification rate, based on PM examinations in Finland, was 14 (25%) for children (n= 56) and 98 (90%) for adults (n= 109). The number of Finnish victims identified by dental methods, 112 (68%), was high compared to all examined in Thailand (43%). DNA was applied for 26 Finnish children and for 6 adults, fingerprints for 24 and 7, respectively. In 12 cases two methods were applied. Every victim (n=165) underwent in Finland a medico-legal investigation including an autopsy with sampling specimens for DNA, the toxicological and histological investigation. Digital radiographs and computed tomography were taken of the whole body to verify autopsy findings and bring out changes caused by trauma, autolysis, and sampling for DNA in Thailand. Data for identification purposes were also noted. Submersion was the cause of death for 101 of 109 adults (92.7%), and trauma for 8 (7.3%). Injuries were 33 times contributing factors for submersion and 3 times for trauma-based death. Submersion was the cause of death for 51 (92.7%) children and trauma for 4 (7.3%). Injuries were in 3 cases contributing factors in submersion and once in trauma-based death. The success of the dental identification of Finnish victims is mainly based on careful registration of dental records, and on an education program from 1999 in forensic odontology.

The 26 July 2005 heavy rainfall event over Mumbai: numerical modeling aspects

The performance of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) in simulating an extreme rainfall event is evaluated, and subsequently the physical mechanisms leading to its initiation and sustenance are explored. As a case study, the heavy precipitation event that led to 65 cm of rainfall accumulation in a span of around 6 h (1430 LT-2030 LT) over Santacruz (Mumbai, India), on 26 July, 2005, is selected. Three sets of numerical experiments have been conducted. The first set of experiments (EXP1) consisted of a four-member ensemble, and was carried out in an idealized mode with a model grid spacing of 1 km. In spite of the idealized framework, signatures of heavy rainfall were seen in two of the ensemble members. The second set (EXP2) consisted of a five-member ensemble, with a four-level one-way nested integration and grid spacing of 54, 18, 6 and 1 km. The model was able to simulate a realistic spatial structure with the 54, 18, and 6 km grids; however, with the 1 km grid, the simulations were dominated by the prescribed boundary conditions. The third and final set of experiments (EXP3) consisted of a five-member ensemble, with a four-level one-way nesting and grid spacing of 54, 18, 6, and 2 km. The Scaled Lagged Average Forecasting (SLAF) methodology was employed to construct the ensemble members. The model simulations in this case were closer to observations, as compared to EXP2. Specifically, among all experiments, the timing of maximum rainfall, the abrupt increase in rainfall intensities, which was a major feature of this event, and the rainfall intensities simulated in EXP3 (at 6 km resolution) were closest to observations. Analysis of the physical mechanisms causing the initiation and sustenance of the event reveals some interesting aspects. Deep convection was found to be initiated by mid-tropospheric convergence that extended to lower levels during the later stage. In addition, there was a high negative vertical gradient of equivalent potential temperature suggesting strong atmospheric instability prior to and during the occurrence of the event. Finally, the presence of a conducive vertical wind shear in the lower and mid-troposphere is thought to be one of the major factors influencing the longevity of the event.

A study of cubic bismuth oxides of the type bi(26-X)m(X)O(40-delta) (m=ti, mn, fe, co, ni or pb) related to gamma-bi2O3

A structural investigation of cubic oxides (space group I23) of the formula Bi(26-x)M(x)O(40-delta) (M = Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Pb) related to the Y-Bi2O3 phase has been carried out by the Rietveld profile analysis of high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data in order to establish the cation distributions. Compositional dependence of the cation distribution has been examined in the case of Bi26-xCoxO40-delta (1 < x < 16). The study reveals that in Bi(26-X)M(X)O(40-delta) with M = Ti, Mn, Fe, Co or Pb, the M cations tend to occupy tetrahedral (2a) sites when x < 2 while the octahedral (24f) sites are shared by the excess Co or Ni cations with Bi atoms when x > 2. Also experimental magnetic moments of Mn, Co and Ni derivatives have been used to establish the valence state and distribution of these cations.

Synthesis based on cyclohexadienes: Part 26 - Total synthesis of some naturally occurring phthalides from Alternaria species

Total synthesis of the naturally occurring phytotoxic phthalides, silvaticol 7, zinniol 5 and the phthalides 1 and 2, is reported from the substrate 16 derived from the Alder-Rickert reaction of 1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-trimethylslyloxycyclohexa-1,3-diene 15 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.

Antibodies against the extracellular domain of human Notch1 receptor reveal the critical role of epidermal-growth-factor-like repeats 25-26 in ligand binding and receptor activation

The Notch signalling pathway is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes throughout metazoan development. Although the downstream mechanism of Notch signalling has been extensively studied, the details of its ligand-mediated receptor activation are not clearly understood. Although the role of Notch ELRs EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like-repeats] 11-12 in ligand binding is known, recent studies have suggested interactions within different ELRs of the Notch receptor whose significance remains to be understood. Here, we report critical inter-domain interactions between human Notch1 ELRs 21-30 and the ELRs 11-15 that are modulated by calcium. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the interaction between ELRs 21-30 and ELRs 11-15 is similar to 10-fold stronger than that between ELRs 11-15 and the ligands. Although there was no interaction between Notch 1 ELRs 21-30 and the ligands in vitro, addition of pre-clustered Jagged1Fc resulted in the dissociation of the preformed complex between ELRs 21-30 and 11-15, suggesting that inter-domain interactions compete for ligand binding. Furthermore, the antibodies against ELRs 21-30 inhibited ligand binding to the full-length Notch1 and subsequent receptor activation, with the antibodies against ELRs 25-26 being the most effective. These results suggest that the ELRs 25-26 represent a cryptic ligand-binding site which becomes exposed only upon the presence of the ligand. Thus, using specific antibodies against various domains of the Notch1 receptor, we demonstrate that, although ELRs 11-12 are the principal ligand-binding site, the ELRs 25-26 serve as a secondary binding site and play an important role in receptor activation.

Constraints on Be-10 and Ca-41 distribution in the early solar system from Al-26 and Be-10 studies of Efremovka CAIs

Three refractory coarse grained CAIs from the Efremovka CV3 chondrite, one (E65) previously shown to have formed with live Ca-41, were studied by ion microprobe for their Al-26-Mg-26 and Be-10-B-10 systematic in order to better understand the origin of Be-10. The high precision Al-Mg data and the inferred Al-26/Al-27 values attest that the precursors of the three CAIs evolved in the solar nebula over a period of few hundred thousand years before last melting-crystallization events. The initial Be-10/Be-9 ratios and delta B-10 values defined by the Be-10 isochrons for the three Efremovka CAIs are similar within errors. The CAI Be-10 abundance in published data underscores the large range for initial Be-10/Be-9 ratios. This is contrary to the relatively small range of Al-26/Al-27 variations in CAIs around the canonical ratio. Two models that could explain the origin of this large Be-10/Be-9 range are assessed from the collateral variations predicted for the initial delta B-10 values: (i) closed system decay of Be-10 from a ``canonical'' Be-10/Be-9 ratio and (ii) formation of CAIs from a mixture of solid precursors and nebula gas irradiated during up to a few hundred thousand years. The second scenario is shown to be the most consistent with the data. This shows that the major fraction of Be-10 in CAIs was produced by irradiation of refractory grains, while contributions of galactic cosmic rays trapping and early solar wind irradiation are less dominant. The case for Be-10 production by solar cosmic rays irradiation of solid refractory precursors poses a conundrum for Ca-41 because the latter is easily produced by irradiation and should be more abundant than what is observed in CAIs. Be-10 production by irradiation from solar energetic particles requires high Ca-41 abundance in early solar system, however, this is not observed in CAIs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biocompatibility property of 100% strontium-substituted SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-CaO-CaF2 glass ceramics over 26 weeks implantation in rabbit model: Histology and micro-Computed Tomography analysis

One of the desired properties for any new biomaterial composition is its long-term stability in a suitable animal model and such property cannot be appropriately assessed by performing short-term implantation studies. While hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioglass coated metallic biomaterials are being investigated for in vivo biocompatibility properties, such study is not extensively being pursued for bulk glass ceramics. In view of their inherent brittle nature, the implant stability as well as impact of long-term release of metallic ions on bone regeneration have been a major concern. In this perspective, the present article reports the results of the in vivo implantation experiments carried out using 100% strontium (Sr)-substituted glass ceramics with the nominal composition of 4.5 SiO2-3Al(2)O(3)-1.5P(2)O(5)-3SrO-2SrF(2) for 26 weeks in cylindrical bone defects in rabbit model. The combination of histological and micro-computed tomography analysis provided a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the bone regeneration around the glass ceramic implants in comparison to the highly bioactive HA bioglass implants (control). The sequential polychrome labeling of bone during in vivo osseointegration using three fluorochromes followed by fluorescence microscopy observation confirmed homogeneous bone formation around the test implants. The results of the present study unequivocally confirm the long-term implant stability as well as osteoconductive property of 100% Sr-substituted glass ceramics, which is comparable to that of a known bioactive implant, that is, HA-based bioglass. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1168-1179, 2015.

Letras, 1991-1992, nº 25-26 (número completo)

Contenido: Palabras del Señor Rector / Guillermo P. Blanco – Testimonio / Juan Roberto Courrèges – Historia de un fervor / Teresa Iris Giovacchini – Homenaje / Luis Martínez Cuitiño – Paul Claudel en una de sus “Odas” / Ángel J. Battistessa – Apertura de Nuevos Mundos: 1492-1969 (Documentos igualmente augurales) / Raúl H. Castagnino – Valor condicional de adjetivos con rasgos de predicativos / Hilda Albano de Vázquez – Buzzati, dos en uno / Daniel H. Capano – La estructura circular de “Adán Buenosayres” / Norma Carricaburo – Una constante poética en la producción dramática de Armando Discépolo: continuidad e innovación en el realismo / Jorge Adrián Dubatti – La Saya/Fuga de J. B. o la novela épico-lúdica de un juglar laborioso / Teresa Iris Giovacchini – Algunas notas sobre el didactismo del Libro de Buen Amor / Elsa C. González Bolia – La “Noche oscura”, de San Juan de la Cruz, poema en diálogo / Teresa Herraiz de Tresca – Bernal Díaz del Castillo y las comunicaciones hispano-aztecas / Ernesto Livacic Gazzano – Hacia una teoría borgeana de la recepción / Luis Martínez Cuitiño – El Árbol, el Bosque y John Fowles (A propósito de la reedición de “The tree”) / Rosa E. M. D. Penna – El orden primero recuperado: “Le livre de Christophe Colomb de Paul Claudel / Paulette Rachou – La Torre de Apolidón y el influjo del Libro de Marco Polo en el Amadís de Gaula / Aquilino Suárez Pallasá – Jorge Manrique en la tradición literaria del amor y de la muerte / Lía Noemí Uriarte Rebaudi – Reseñas bibliográficas

Sapientia, 1952, Vol. VII, nº 26 (número completo)

Contenido: ¿Europeos o americanos? / La Dirección – Kierkegaard y Marx / Cornelio Fabro – Panorama filosófico en el Méjico actual / José Rubén Sanabria – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Inconstitucionalidad de la ley argentina 26.618 de 2010 : su reforma. El matrimonio es un bien jurídico exclusivo del varón y la mujer, como tales. En consecuencia, es indisponible por el Estado.

Resumen: El presente artículo presenta las razones jurídicas que fundan la inconstitucionalidad de la ley argentina 26.618 de legalización de las uniones de personas del mismo sexo. Parte del reconocimiento de la igual dignidad esencial de todas las personas y analiza luego la reforma del matrimonio civil dispuesto por la ley 26.618 y la necesidad de reglamentación previa y específica del vínculo filiatorio y de parentesco por adopción y la improcedencia de la aplicación de las técnicas de procreación asistida en las uniones homosexuales o lésbicas. Señala cómo esta legislación afecta a terceros: al menor de edad en desamparo familiar, a la persona por nacer y, también, al matrimonio, a la familia y a la sociedad. El desarrollo presenta los argumentos por los cuales se sostiene que esta ley ha hecho una extensión irrazonable del nombre de matrimonio. También se cuestiona la “cláusula complementaria” prevista por la ley, que evidencia el abuso cometido y la imposibilidad de legislar sin lógica. Considera la actuación de los legisladores y la violación de lo anticipado en las respectivas plataformas electorales y señala que el matrimonio es una realidad anterior al derecho positivo. Finaliza con reflexiones sobre el límite objetivo que surge de la realidad y el riesgo caos social y jurídico-político y la necesidad de derogación de la ley 26.618.

La Cooperacion Sueca en la Universidad Nacional Agraria: Impacto de 26 años de colaboración

La cooperación científica sueca en la Universidad Nacional Agraria inició en el año 1986, teniendo como contraparte a la Agencia Sueca para la Cooperación en Investigación (SAREC), quien administró la cooperación hasta 1995, año en que dicha institución se integra a la estructura de la Agencia Sueca para el Desarrollo Internacional (Asdi). Durante los primeros años la cooperación se orientó a la capacitación institucional a través de becas de dos años otorgadas a académicos para la obtención de maestrías en ciencias. Para el año 1995, la cooperación decide dar un salto, continuando con la formación a nivel de doctorado con un tiempo de duración de cinco años. El modelo de estudios utilizado fue el método sándwich donde la investigación se realizaba en Nicaragua y los cursos se tomaban en Suecia u otro país. La contraparte de la UNA en esta colaboración fue la Universidad de Ciencias Agrícolas de Suecia (Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet - SLU). En el año 1997 se amplió el apoyo hacia la formación de capacidades institucionales. Suecia apoyó el fortalecimiento de la administración de la investigación científica, infraestructura (plataformas de tecnología, informática y laboratorios), el acceso a publicaciones electrónicas, etc., con la intención de desarrollar las capacidades, fomentar la capacidad analítica y generar conocimientos con base científica que respondieran a niveles internacionales. Producto de esta cooperación, la capacitad de investigación ha aumentado en torno a temas vinculados a Nutrición y genética Animal, Control Biológico de Plagas, Manejo Integrado de Plagas, Gestión de la Fertilización, Manejo de Cuencas Hidrográficas, Restauración de Ecosistemas Degradados, Manejo de Áreas Protegidas, Agronomía y Biotecnología de Raíces y Tubérculos, Agro forestaría, Ordenamiento Territorial, Medicina Homeopática, Recursos Genéticos, Seguridad Alimentaria, Turismo y Desarrollo Rural. También, se mejoró la calidad de los programas de cooperación y se cuenta con docentes capacitados para tutorar estudiantes a nivel de grado y posgrado. La cooperación científica ha dado resultados positivos en varios aspectos; hasta mediados del año 2011 han alcanzado el grado de maestría 22 académicos de la institución y 17 el grado de doctor. Se han publicado 93 artículos científicos y bajo un programa de fondos competitivos se financiaron un total de 91 proyectos de investigación, seleccionados mediante un proceso abierto y transparente. La UNA actualmente cuenta con capacidades para ofrecer educación de maestrías a nivel local. El fortalecimiento de la UNA ha contribuido a mejorar el nivel de eficacia, así como la gestión de la investigación científica, se formularon las políticas de investigación, y se crearon espacios de intercambio con actores claves del sistema de investigación. El apoyo de Asdi en tecnología de la información en la UNA ha contribuido a un mayor acceso al conocimiento para los investigadores y estudiantes, a través de publicaciones científicas y redes internacionales.