Use of HNO3 as the source of NO to prepare a nitric oxide complex of ruthenium

Reaction of cis-Ru(bisox)(2)Cl-2, where bisox is 4,4,4',4'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bisoxazoline, with HNO3 in 1 : 4 molar proportion in boiling water under N-2 atmosphere and subsequent addition of an excess of NaClO4 center dot H2O yields [Ru(bisox)(HL)(NO)](ClO4)(NO3) (1). HL is a hydrolysed form of bisox where one of the oxazoline rings opens up. X-Ray crystallography shows that 1 contains an octahedral RuN5O core. HL binds the metal through an imino N, an amide N and an alcoholic O atom. Reaction of cis-Ru(bisox)(2)Cl-2 with an excess of NaNO2 in water gives cis-Ru(bisox)(2)(NO2)(2) (2). On acidification by HClO4 in methanol, 2 is smoothly converted to cis-[Ru(bisox)(2)(NO2)(NO)](ClO4)(2) (3) due to equilibrium (1).

Physiological and bifidogenic effects of prebiotic supplements in infant formulae

This randomized controlled trial involving 110 healthy neonates studied physiological and bifidogenic effects of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), oligofructose and long-chain inulin (FOS) in formula. Subjects were randomized to Orafti Synergy1 (50 oligofructose: 50 FOS) 0.4g/dl or 0.8g/dl, GOS:FOS (90:10) 0.8g/dl or a standard formula according to Good Clinical Practise (GCP) guidelines. A breast-fed group was included for comparison. Outcome parameters were weight, length, intake, stool characteristics, crying, regurgitation, vomiting, adverse events and fecal bacterial population counts. Statistical analyses used non-parametric tests. During the first month of life weight, length, intake and crying increased significantly in all groups. Regurgitation and vomiting scores were low and similar. Stool frequency decreased significantly and similarly in all formula groups but was lower than in the breast-fed. All prebiotic groups maintained soft stools, only slightly harder than those of breast-fed infants. The standard group had significantly harder stools at wks 2 and 4 compared to 1 (P<0.001 & P=0.0279). The total number of fecal bacteria increased in all prebiotic groups (9.82, 9.73 and 9.91 to 10.34, 10.38 and 10.37, respectively, log10 cells/g feces, P=0.2298) and resembled more the breast-fed pattern. Numbers of lactic acid bacteria, bacteroides and clostridia were comparable. In the SYN1 0.8 g/dl and GOS:FOS groups Bifidobacterium counts were significantly higher at D14 & 28 compared to D3 and comparable to the breast-fed group. Tolerance and growth were normal. In conclusion, stool consistency and bacterial composition of infants taking SYN1 0.8 g/dl or GOS:FOS supplemented formula was closer to the breast-fed pattern. There was no risk for dehydration.

Interaction of PPARG Pro12Ala with dietary fat influences plasma lipids in subjects at cardiometabolic risk

The PPARγ2 gene SNP Pro12Ala has shown variable association with metabolic syndrome traits in healthy subjects. We investigated the effect of interaction between genotype and the ratio of polyunsaturated:saturated (P:S) fatty acid intake on plasma lipids in 367 White subjects aged 30-70 y at increased cardiometabolic risk, in the RISCK study. Interaction was determined after habitual diet at recruitment, at baseline after a 4-week high-SFA (HS) diet and after 24-week reference (HS), high-MUFA (HM) and low-fat (LF) diets. At recruitment, there were no significant associations between genotype and plasma lipids, however, P:S x genotype interaction influenced plasma total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.02), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (P=0.002) and triglyceride (TG) (P=0.02) concentrations. At P:S ratio ≤0.33, mean TC and LDL-C concentrations in Ala12 allele carriers were significantly higher than in non-carriers (respectively P=0.003; P=0.0001). Significant trends in reduction of plasma TC (P=0.02) and TG (P=0.002) concentrations occurred with increasing P:S (respectively ≤0.33 to >0.65 and 0.34 to >0.65) in Ala12 allele carriers. There were no significant differences between carriers and non-carriers after the 4-week HS diet or 24-week interventions. Plasma TC and TG concentrations in PPARG Ala12 allele carriers decrease as P:S increases, but are not dependent on a reduction in SFA intake.

Estimating natural-ventilation potential considering both thermal comfort and IAQ issues

Natural-ventilation potential (NVP) value can provide the designers significant information to properly design and arrange natural ventilation strategy at the preliminary or conceptual stage of ventilation and building design. Based on the previous study by Yang et al. [Investigation potential of natural driving forces for ventilation in four major cities in China. Building and Environment 2005;40:739–46], we developed a revised model to estimate the potential for natural ventilation considering both thermal comfort and IAQ issues for buildings in China. It differs from the previous one by Yang et al. in two predominant aspects: (1) indoor air temperature varies synchronously with the outdoor air temperature rather than staying at a constant value as assumed by Yang et al. This would recover the real characteristic of natural ventilation, (2) thermal comfort evaluation index is integrated into the model and thus the NVP can be more reasonably predicted. By adopting the same input parameters, the NVP values are obtained and compared with the early work of Yang et al. for a single building in four representative cities which are located in different climates, i.e., Urumqi in severe cold regions, Beijing in cold regions, Shanghai in hot summer and cold winter regions and Guangzhou in hot summer and warm winter regions of China. Our outcome shows that Guangzhou has the highest and best yearly natural-ventilation potential, followed by Shanghai, Beijing and Urumqi, which is quite distinct from that of Yang et al. From the analysis, it is clear that our model evaluates the NVP values more consistently with the outdoor climate data and thus reveals the true value of NVP.

Self-licensing and financial rewards: is morality for sale?

This paper studies the impact of financially rewarding good deeds on self-licensing. We run a between-subjects experiment comprised of an adapted dictator game preceded by paid and unpaid pro-environmental tasks. We find that prefacing the dictator game with an unpaid good deed seems to establish a 'moral rectitude' which licenses subsequent selfish behaviour, whereas a paid good deed dampens this effect. Interestingly, the nature of the initial task has more of an effect on the binary option (give vs. not give) than on the amount donated.

sigma- and pi-defects at graphene nanoribbon edges: Building spin filters

The presence of certain kinds of defects at the edges of monohydrogenated zigzag graphene nanoribbons changes dramatically the charge transport properties inducing a spin-polarized conductance. Using an approach based on density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green`s function formalism to calculate the transmittance, we classify the defects in different classes depending on their distinct transport properties: (i) sigma-defects, which do not affect the transmittance close to the Fermi energy (E(F)); and (ii) pi-defects, which cause a spin polarization of the transmittance and that can be further divided into either electron or hole defects if the spin transport polarization results in larger transmittance for the up or down spin channel, respectively.

Caracterização das propriedades aerodinâmicas de torres metálicas para determinação da resposta devida ao vento

A utilização de torres metálicas treliçadas vem, nos últimos anos, se intensificando em todo o Brasil. Este aumento é resultado do salto tecnológico pelo qual o país passou no início da década de 90, onde a necessidade de ampliação dos sistemas de telecomunicações, principalmente, da telefonia celular, se tornou imprescindível para o seu crescimento tecnológico. Em função disso, vários são os projetos de torres metálicas treliçadas que tem sido contratados pelas diversas empresas de telefonia celular, espalhadas por todo país. No Brasil, onde, pelas benesses da natureza, não há registros de terremotos significativos, e devido ao baixo peso deste tipo de estrutura, a força do vento é o carregamento determinante para a elaboração do projeto estrutural de torres metálicas treliçadas. Sendo assim, se faz necessário perguntar: será que estes projetos estão atendendo às recomendações da norma de vento (NBR 6123/88)? Quais são os riscos aos quais as populações estão sujeitas com a edificação de torres cada vez mais próximas de suas casas? Neste trabalho, tomando como exemplo o projeto de uma torre metálica treliçada que colapsou no ano de 2000 na cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, foram feitas investigações numéricas no sentido de avaliar a integridade estrutural daquela torre ante os carregamentos devidos aos ventos locais, onde se concluiu que a carga de vento implícita no dimensionamento foi bem abaixo daquela calculada pelos padrões da norma brasileira Uma investigação experimental em dois modelos seccionais, um em latão e outro em madeira, construídos a partir de dois trechos da torre estudada, foi realizada a fim de analisar parâmetros aerodinâmicos como coeficientes de arrasto, ângulo de incidência do vento sobre a torre, índice de área exposta e fator de proteção. Os modelos foram construídos na oficina Paulo Francisco Bueno - LAC/UFRGS e ensaiados no Túnel de Vento Prof. Joaquim Blessmann do Laboratório de Aerodinâmica das Construções da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – LAC/UFRGS. Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados destes experimentos, bem como uma comparação destes resultados com informações até então disponíveis na literatura técnica, além de uma contribuição técnica ao capítulo 9 da NBR 6123/88.

Imagem e identidade de marca : um estudo de congruência no varejo da moda

Nos mercados de varejo altamente competitivos a busca de aspectos de diferenciação e lealdade dos consumidores fez da gestão de marcas um assunto altamente relevante para a academia e para as empresas. Contudo, a compreensão de como os conceitos de imagem de loja, imagem de marca, identidade de marca e sua congruência com a imagem de marca funcionam é uma questão de suma importância para o varejo que ainda necessita aprofundamento. É nesse contexto dinâmico do varejo que o presente trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido, tendo como objetivo principal entender a congruência entre a identidade de marca e a imagem de marca e seus efeitos no varejo. Outros objetivos complementares deste trabalho são: (1) verificar a congruência da identidade da marca entre área a estratégica e a área operacional; (2) verificar a congruência entre a identidade e a imagem de marca; (3) verificar a influência da congruência interna da identidade na congruência entre identidade e imagem da marca; (4) relacionar os achados empíricos com as propostas conceituais encontradas na revisão do conhecimento. Para esse fim, adotou-se a metodologia de estudo de casos múltiplos com o uso da análise quali-quantitativa que foi desenvolvida com o apoio do método estatístico que proporciona a aplicação do Teste T. O procedimento metodológico adotado levou em consideração a definição e escolha de uma amostra de 25 empresas no ramo de moda de vestuário feminino no Brasil, ano de 2008. Diante da resposta e da concordância das empresas, o trabalho foi realizado com apenas três redes varejistas brasileiras que concordaram em participar, oportunidade em que se fez a coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas com os diretores e proprietários dessas empresas - aqui denominadas de Empresa A, Empresa B e Empresa C - e com os gerentes e funcionários e com os consumidores selecionados. O instrumento utilizado para a captação de dados foi a aplicação de questionários abordando principalmente dois fatores da identidade de marca: aspectos físicos e a personalidade. Os resultados encontrados revelam que de maneira geral a área estratégica tende a avaliar melhor os fatores de identidade do que a área operacional os consumidores. A congruência entre a identidade de marca e a imagem de marca é influenciada pelo modo como a empresa é estruturada, pela sua cultura e história gerencial, bem como pelo “modus operandis” de como é desenvolvida e implementada sua estratégia. Uma melhor gestão de marcas tende estatisticamente a gerar maior grau de congruência e conseqüentemente estar mais propícia a reter consumidores com altos níveis de satisfação. A identidade de marca é um assunto chave para os negócios, devendo os gestores de varejo e os pesquisadores de marketing aprofundarem o conhecimento nesta área, principalmente quanto aos efeitos gerados no valor da marca e no processo de gestão das marcas.

Lentilha

Imagem componente do jogo “DigesTower (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/digestower.php)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).

Injúrias causadas por mosca-das-frutas sul-americana em cultivares de videira

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Os acidentes humanos e suas implicações fonoaudiológicas: opiniões de docentes e discentes sobre a formação superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effects of powder preparation and sintering procedure on microstructure and dielectric properties of PLZT ceramics

PLZT ceramics belong to one of the very important groups of functional materials that make a basis for the production of a large range of electronic devices. The microstructure and properties of ceramics depend on the powder preparation and thermal processing conditions. Various techniques have been used to obtain chemically homogeneous and fine starting powders. PLZT powders have been prepared by two different production routes: by a modified Pechini method, using a polymeric precursor method (PMM) and by a partial oxalate method. A two-step sintering process, including a hot pressing, was carried out at 1100 and 1200degreesC Distinct phases obtained during the sintering process have been investigated by SEM and EDS techniques and dielectric properties such as permittivity and dielectric loss were measured in a frequency range from 1 to 20 kHz.. A significant difference in microstructure and dielectric properties, depending on powder origin and sintering procedure, has been noticed.

Characterization of bismuth titanate ceramics derived by mechanochemical synthesis

Bismuth titanate, Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12) (BIT) nanosized powders have been successfully synthesized via high energy mechanochemical activation. The phase formation of BIT, crystal structure, microstructure, crystallite size and specific surface area were followed by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the BET specific surface area measurements. The BIT milled 2 h shows the orthorhombic crystalline structure with small amount of amorphous phase. The microstructure of Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12) ceramics sintered at 1000 degrees C for 12h exhibit plate-like grain structure.

Some comments on the F ring-Prometheus-Pandora environment

The system formed by the F ring and two close satellites, Prometheus and Pandora, has been analysed since the time that Voyager visited the planet Saturn. During the ring plane crossing in 1995 the satellites were found in different positions as predicted by the Voyager data. Besides the mutual effects of Prometheus and Pandora, they are also disturbed by a massive F ring. Showalter et al. [Icarus 100 (1992) 394] proposed that, the core of the ring has a mass which corresponds to a moonlet varying in size from 15 to 70 kin in radius which can prevent the ring from spreading due to dissipative forces, such as Poynting-Robertson drag and collisions. We have divided this work into two parts. Firstly we analysed the secular interactions between Prometheus-Pandora and a massive F ring using the secular theory. Our results show the variation in eccentricity and inclination of the satellites and the F ring taking into account a massive ring corresponding to a moonlet of different sizes. There is also a population of dust particles in the ring in the company of moonlets at different sizes [Icarus 109 (1997) 304]. We also analysed the behaviour of these particles under the effects of the Poynting-Robertson drag and radiation pressure. Our results show that the time scale proposed for a dust particle to leave the ring is much shorter than predicted before even in the presence of a coorbital moonlet. This result does not agree with the confinement model proposed by Dermott et al. [Nature 284 (1980) 309]. In 2004, Cassini mission will perform repeated observations of the whole system, including observations of the satellites and the F ring environment. These data will help us to better understand this system. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.