Impacto de la crisis socioeconómica de 2001 sobre los patrones de producción y difusión de los conocimientos del sistema científico argentino

En los últimos años varios trabajos han abordado el tema la crisis económica argentina de 2001, y sus principales repercusiones sobre el sistema político, social, institucional, e incluso el científico. Sin embargo, no hemos encontrado estudios que hayan analizado sus efectos desde una perspectiva cienciométrica. Este trabajo tiene por objeto mostrar el impacto de la crisis socioeconómica argentina de 2001 sobre el sistema científico, a partir de un conjunto de indicadores cienciométricos relativos al esfuerzo económico, los recursos humanos dedicados a la investigación, las publicaciones, las relaciones de colaboración y la visibilidad internacional de las contribuciones científicas

Memorias sobre la crisis de 2001 : La construcción de la realidad a partir de rumores e imágenes televisivas

Diciembre del 2001 se caracterizo por una situación de desorden en una multiplicidad de aspectos que incluyeron los ámbitos político, económico y social. El protagonismo que tiene en sus recuerdos las imágenes televisivas, complementadas con los rumores, constituyen un eje central en la memoria de los entrevistados sobre la crisis. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir como determinados acontecimientos considerados centrales en el desarrollo de la crisis fueron vivenciados a través de las imágenes difundidas. Las conclusiones del trabajo se basan en el resultado de entrevistas a personas de Capital Federal en el marco de la investigación denominada "La/s Memoria/s de la Crisis de 2001" que fue realizada por el grupo de estudio de la materia "Técnicas de Investigación" de la Carrera de Ciencia Política- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales- UBA

El espacio de la feria artesanal de Plaza Francia como disputa. Una aproximación a las disputas y conflictos por el territorio tras la crisis del 2001

Fil: Adamini, Marina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

Local-authority led economic regeneration strategies in the aftermath of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease crisis of 2001

The Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak of 2001 in the UK was completely unprecedented in its scale and severity, with over four million animals culled and a cost to the Exchequer of over £4 billion. Local authorities were at the front line in dealing with the outbreak, in coordinating the cull of livestock, the disposal of carcasses as well as attempting to deal with its aftermath and, in particular, the impact on the wider rural economy. This article examines the impacts of this crisis on three local authorities, Devon, Herefordshire and Cumbria. It examines how far the crisis acted as a catalyst in developing strategies to deal with a future outbreak as well as new local initiatives to promote regeneration in the areas most adversely affected. It focuses on developments that can be directly attributed to the crisis and shows that FMD had a considerable impact on communications and 'joined-up' activity within local authorities and with local stakeholders. © 2006, LEPU, South Bank University.

Factores de riesgo en primera crisis convulsiva en menores de 16 años: Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso 2000-2001

Con el objetivo de determimar los factores de riesgode la primera crisis epiléptica en menores de 16 años, se realiza el estudio de caso-control, a un universo de niños de 0-16 años, atendidos en el hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso entre octubre 2000 a septiembre de 2001, con primera crisis epiléptica. Controles, por cada 2 niños de igual edad y sexo sin crisis y sin patología neurológica. Recolección de la información: mediante un formulario con información proporcionada por el niño, acompañantes y la que consta en la historia clíonica. La categorización de las crisis se realizó de acuerdo a la recomendación de la Comisión sobre Clasificación y Terminología de la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia. Resultados: se encuentra 143 casos. Varones 59.4, mujeres 40.6. Menores de 5 años 81. Con crisis generalizadas 65, de origen sintomático agudo (78.3). Las principales causas fueron: fiebre, infecciones del sistema nervioso central, hipoxia, trauma encefalocraneano, trastornos metabólicos y tóxicos. Los factores de riesgo (estadísticamente significativos, p menor que 0.05) son: asfixia perinatal, parto atendido por empírico, recién nacido pequeño para la edad gestacional, malformación congénira, anormalidad de actividades diarias y desarrollo psicomotor, desnutrición, espasmo del sollozo, antecedentes personales de crisis febriles, antecedentes familiares de crisis afebril única, antecedentes de epilepsia en familiares que no pertenecen al primer grado de consanguinidad. Conclusiones. La primera crisis epiléptica fue más frecuente en varones, menores de 5 años, con crisis generalizadas , de origen sintomático agudo y los factores de riesgo estuvieron relacionados a aspectos pre-perinatales, anormalidad de la actividad diaria y del desarrollo psicomotor, desnutrición, episodios paroxísticos personales y antecedentes convulsivos familiares

Factores asociados a primera crisis epilétptica en niños/as menores de 16 años Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, año 2000-2001

Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la primera crisis epiléptica en menores de 16 años.- Metodología: método: caso-control. Universo: niños/as de 0-16 años, atendidos en el hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso entre octubre 2000-septiembre 2001. Muestra: 143 casos, niños/as de 0-16 afios con primera crisis epileptica. controles dos niños/as de igual edad y sexo par cada caso, sin crisis y sin patología neurológica. Recolección de la información: formulario con informaci6n proporcionada par el niño/a, acompañantes, la que consta en la historia clínica y la obtenida por la valoración del investigador.- Resultados: la primera crisis epiléptica se presente con mayor frecuencia en los varones (59.4%) y fue generalizada; los factores con asociacien significativa (IC 95%, p <0.05) son: prematuridad, bajo peso al nacimiento, peso al nacimiento menor a 2500 g, valores de Apgar iguales o menores a seis al minuto y cinco minutos de vida, asfixia perinatal, atención del parto por comadrona, desnutrición posnatal, actividad diaria anormal, retraso del Desarrollo psicomotor, condición neurológica anormal, perímetro cefálico bajo para la edad, malformación congénita, espasmo del sollozo, antecedentes personales de crisis febriles, antecedentes de epilepsia en familiares que no pertenecen al primer grado de consanguinidad.-au

Crisis communication under transformative change : the emergent context and roles of primary and secondary organisations

In an era of complex challenges that draw sustained media attention and entangle multiple organisational actors, this thesis addresses the gap between current trends in society and business, and existing scholarship in public relations and crisis communication. By responding to calls from crisis communication researchers to develop theory (Coombs, 2006a), to examine the interdependencies of crises (Seeger, Sellnow, & Ulmer, 1998), and to consider variation in crisis response (Seeger, 2002), this thesis contributes to theory development in crisis communication and public relations. Through transformative change, this thesis extends existing scholarship built on a preservation or conservation logic where public relations is used to maintain stability by incrementally responding to changes in an organisation‘s environment (Cutlip, Center, & Broom, 2006; Everett, 2001; Grunig, 2000; Spicer, 1997). Based on the opportunity to contribute to ongoing theoretical development in the literature, the overall research problem guiding this thesis asks: How does transformative change during crisis influence corporate actors’ communication? This thesis adopts punctuated equilibrium theory, which describes change as alternating between long periods of stability and short periods of revolutionary or transformative change (Gersick, 1991; Romanelli & Tushman, 1994; Siggelkow, 2002; Tushman, Newman, & Romanelli, 1986; Tushman & Romanelli, 1985). As a theory for change, punctuated equilibrium provides an opportunity to examine public relations and transformative change, building on scholarship that is based primarily on incremental change. Further, existing scholarship in public relations and crisis communication focuses on the actions of single organisations in situational or short-term crisis events. Punctuated equilibrium theory enables the study of multiple crises and multiple organisational responses during transformative change. In doing so, punctuated equilibrium theory provides a framework to explain both the context for transformative change and actions or strategies enacted by organisations during transformative change (Tushman, Newman, & Romanelli, 1986; Tushman & Romanelli, 1985; Tushman, Virany, & Romanelli, 1986). The connections between context and action inform the research questions that guide this thesis: RQ1: What symbolic and substantive strategies persist and change as crises develop from situational events to transformative and multiple linked events? RQ2: What features of the crisis context influence changes in symbolic and substantive strategies? To shed light on these research questions, the thesis adopts a qualitative approach guided by process theory and methods to explicate the events, sequences and activities that were essential to change (Pettigrew, 1992; Van de Ven, 1992). Specifically, the thesis draws on an alternative template strategy (Langley, 1999) that provides several alternative interpretations of the same events (Allison, 1971; Allison & Zelikow, 1999). Following Allison (1971) and Allison and Zelikow (1999), this thesis uses three alternative templates of crisis or strategic response typologies to construct three narratives using media articles and organisational documents. The narratives are compared to identify and draw out different patterns of crisis communication strategies that operate within different crisis contexts. The thesis is based on the crisis events that affected three organisations within the pharmaceutical industry for four years. The primary organisation is Merck, as its product recall crisis triggered transformative change affecting, in different ways, the secondary organisations of Pfizer and Novartis. Three narratives are presented based on the crisis or strategic response typologies of Coombs (2006b), Allen and Caillouet (1994), and Oliver (1991). The findings of this thesis reveal different stories about crisis communication under transformative change. By zooming in to a micro perspective (Nicolini, 2009) to focus on the crisis communication and actions of a single organisation and zooming out to a macro perspective (Nicolini, 2009) to consider multiple organisations, new insights about crisis communication, change and the relationships among multiple organisations are revealed at context and action levels. At the context level, each subsequent narrative demonstrates greater connections among multiple corporate actors. By zooming out from Coombs‘ (2006b) focus on single organisations to consider Allen and Caillouet‘s (1994) integration of the web of corporate actors, the thesis demonstrates how corporate actors add accountability pressures to the primary organisation. Next, by zooming further out to the macro perspective by considering Oliver‘s (1991) strategic responses to institutional processes, the thesis reveals a greater range of corporate actors that are caught up in the process of transformative change and accounts for their varying levels of agency over their environment. By zooming in to a micro perspective and out to a macro perspective (Nicolini, 2009) across alternative templates, the thesis sheds light on sequences, events, and actions of primary and secondary organisations. Although the primary organisation remains the focus of sustained media attention across the four-year time frame, the secondary organisations, even when one faced a similar starting situation to the primary organisation, were buffered by the process of transformative change. This understanding of crisis contexts in transforming environments builds on existing knowledge in crisis communication. At the action level, the thesis also reveals different interpretations from each alternative template. Coombs‘ (2006b) narrative shows persistence in the primary organisation‘s crisis or strategic responses over the four-year time frame of the thesis. That is, the primary organisation consistently applies a diminish crisis response. At times, the primary organisation drew on denial responses when corporate actors questioned its legitimacy or actions. To close the crisis, the primary organisation uses a rebuild crisis posture (Coombs, 2006). These finding are replicated in Allen and Caillouet‘s (1994) narrative, noting this template‘s limitation to communication messages only. Oliver‘s (1991) narrative is consistent with Coombs‘ (2006b) but also demonstrated a shift from a strategic response that signals conformity to the environment to one that signals more active resistance to the environment over time. Specifically, the primary organisation‘s initial response demonstrates conformity but these same messages were used some three years later to set new expectations in the environment in order to shape criteria and build acceptance for future organisational decisions. In summary, the findings demonstrate the power of crisis or strategic responses when considered over time and in the context of transformative change. The conclusions of this research contribute to scholarship in the public relations and management literatures. Based on the significance of organisational theory, the primary contribution of the theory relates to the role of interorganisational linkages or legitimacy buffers that form during the punctuation of equilibrium. The network of linkages among the corporate actors are significant also to the crisis communication literature as they form part of the process model of crisis communication under punctuated equilibrium. This model extends existing research that focuses on crisis communication of single organisations to consider the emergent context that incorporates secondary organisations as well as the localised contests of legitimacy and buffers from regulatory authorities. The thesis also provides an empirical base for punctuated equilibrium in public relations and crisis communication, extending Murphy‘s (2000) introduction of the theory to the public relations literature. In doing this, punctuated equilibrium theory reinvigorates theoretical development in crisis communication by extending existing scholarship around incrementalist approaches and demonstrating how public relations works in the context of transformative change. Further research in this area could consider using alternative templates to study transformative change caused by a range of crisis types from natural disasters to product tampering, and to add further insight into the dynamics between primary and secondary organisations. This thesis contributes to practice by providing guidelines for crisis response strategy selection and indicators related to the emergent context for crises under transformative change that will help primary and secondary organisations‘ responses to crises.