空间飞行和辐射对微藻光合系统影响的观察

目的研究空间飞行及辐射对微藻光合系统的影响。方法利用卫星搭载空间飞行、钴60的γ射线照射及地面对照黑暗培养微藻葛仙米,测定其存活率、光合活性、光合系统色素及观察藻细胞超微结构。结果空间飞行和射线处理后的微藻其存活率、光合活性发生显著降低,捕光色素明显降解、光合片层结构出现异常,同时空间飞行后微藻细胞外诱导出较厚的胶被。结论空间飞行及辐射均对微藻的光合系统产生损伤,但微藻可以通过结构上的改变对其进行适应。

Distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystins in water columns: A systematic investigation into the environmental fate and the risks associated with microcystins in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu

For the purpose of understanding the environmental fate of microcystins (MCs) and the potential health risks caused by toxic cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu, a systematic investigation was carried out from February 2005 to January 2006. The distribution of MCs in the water column, and toxin bioaccumulations in aquatic organisms were surveyed. The results suggested that Lake Taihu is heavily polluted during summer months by toxic cyanobacterial blooms (with a maximum biovolume of 6.7 x 10(8) cells/L) and MCs. The maximum concentration of cell-bound toxins was 1.81 mg/g (DW) and the dissolved MCs reached a maximum level of 6.69 mu g/L. Dissolved MCs were always found in the entire water column at all sampling sites throughout the year. Our results emphasized the need for tracking MCs not only in the entire water column but also at the interface between water and sediment. Seasonal changes of MC concentrations in four species of hydrophytes (Eichhornic crassipes, Potamogeton maackianus, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Myriophyllum spicatum) ranged from 129 to 1317, 147 to 1534, 169 to 3945 and 124 to 956 ng/g (DW), respectively. Toxin accumulations in four aquatic species (Carassius auratus auratu, Macrobrachium nipponensis, Bellamya aeruginosa and Cristaria plicata) were also analyzed. Maximum toxin concentrations in the edible organs and non-edible visceral organs ranged from 378 to 730 and 754 to 3629 ng/g (DW), respectively. Based on field studies in Lake Taihu, risk assessments were carried out, taking into account the WHO guidelines and the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for MCs. Our findings suggest that the third largest lake in China poses serious health threats when serving as a source of drinking water and for recreational use. In addition, it is likely to be unsafe to consume aquatic species harvested in Lake Taihu due to the high-concentrations of accumulated MCs. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Experiment on Qinghai-Tibet railroad subgrade temperature monitoring based on FBG sensors

Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the longest and highest plateau railway in the world. A long term monitoring system of the stability of the subgrade in the permafrost regions should be put forward immediately to prevent damage to the railway. As it's very difficult to set up the long-distance automatic monitoring system which contains a lot of measure points along the 550 kilometers railway in the permafrost area, we present a subgrade temperature monitor system based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG). In this paper the principles of the FBG was presented, and the feasibility of the FBG sensors in the permafrost area of Qinghai-Tibet plateau was analysized. We embedded fifteen FBG temperature sensors and thermal resistance temperature sensors. A contrast experiment is made while the two kinds of sensors are arranged in the same position. The result of the experiment shows that the accuracy of the FBG temperature sensors is less than 0.1 degrees C. and the FBG sensors can do well in the measurement of pattern which the temperature varies with the depth of the permafrost soil. The result also shows the stability of the FBG sensors in the bad environmental condition of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, which proves the feasibility of the application of FBG sensors and our monitoring system on the Qinghai-Tibet railway.

Relationship between load/unload response ratio and damage variable and its application

The physics-based parameter: load/unload response ratio (LURR) was proposed to measure the proximity of a strong earthquake, which achieved good results in earthquake prediction. As LURR can be used to describe the damage degree of the focal media qualitatively, there must be a relationship between LURR and damage variable (D) which describes damaged materials quantitatively in damage mechanics. Hence, based on damage mechanics and LURR theory, taking Weibull distribution as the probability distribution function, the relationship between LURR and D is set up and analyzed. This relationship directs LURR applied in damage analysis of materials quantitatively from being qualitative earlier, which not only provides the LURR method with a more solid basis in physics, but may also give a new approach to the damage evaluation of big scale structures and prediction of engineering catastrophic failure. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Influence of processing temperature on microstructure and microhardness of copper subjected to high-pressure torsion

Cu samples were subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) with up to 6 turns at room temperature (RT) and liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), respectively. The effects of temperature on grain refinement and microhardness variation were investigated. For the samples after HPT processing at RT, the grain size reduced from 43 mu m to 265 nm, and the Vickers microhardness increased from HV52 to HV140. However, for the samples after HPT processing at LNT, the value of microhardness reached its maximum of HV150 near the center of the sample and it decreased to HV80 at the periphery region. Microstructure observations revealed that HPT straining at LNT induced lamellar structures with thickness less than 100 nm appearing near the central region of the sample, but further deformation induced an inhomogeneous distribution of grain sizes, with submicrometer-sized grains embedded inside micrometer-sized grains. The submicrometer-sized grains with high dislocation density indicated their nonequilibrium nature. On the contrary, the micrometer-sized grains were nearly free of dislocation, without obvious deformation trace remaining in them. These images demonstrated that the appearance of micrometer-sized grains is the result of abnormal grain growth of the deformed fine grains.

Relationship between load/unload response ratio and damage variable and its application

The physics-based parameter: load/unload response ratio (LURR) was proposed to measure the proximity of a strong earthquake, which achieved good results in earthquake prediction. As LURR can be used to describe the damage degree of the focal media qualitatively, there must be a relationship between LURR and damage variable (D) which describes damaged materials quantitatively in damage mechanics. Hence, based on damage mechanics and LURR theory, taking Weibull distribution as the probability distribution function, the relationship between LURR and D is set up and analyzed. This relationship directs LURR applied in damage analysis of materials quantitatively from being qualitative earlier, which not only provides the LURR method with a more solid basis in physics, but may also give a new approach to the damage evaluation of big scale structures and prediction of engineering catastrophic failure. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5 using a biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry

A novel method is reported for the detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5 using a biosensor based on high spatial resolution imaging ellipsometry (IE). Monoclonal antibodies specific to H5 hemagglutinin protein were immobilized on silicon wafers and used to capture virus particles. Resultant changes on the surface of the wafers were visualized directly in gray-scale on an imaging ellipsometry image. This preliminary study has shown that the assay is rapid and specific for the identification of avian influenza virus subtype H5. Compared with lateral-flow immunoassays, this biosensor not only has better sensitivity, but can also simultaneously perform multiplexed tests. These results suggest that this biosensor might be a valuable diagnostic toot for avian influenza virus detection. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

翻耙补播对科尔沁碱化草地土壤理化性质和生物活性的影响

对科尔沁地区碱化草甸草地翻耙补播沙打旺后的土壤理化性质和土壤生物活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明,翻耙补播改良后草地综合生产性能得到明显改善,土壤容重、pH、含盐量和碱化度降低,土壤含水量和孔隙度增加,土壤有机质和N、P、K等养分含量增加;同时,土壤微生物C、N的含量以及土壤酶的活性也得到较大幅度提高。

Stable isotopic compositions in Australian precipitation

Stable deuterium (delta D) and oxygen-18 (delta O-18) isotopes in 1962 to 2002 precipitation from the seven Australian stations of the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) were used to investigate isotope characteristics including temporal and spatial distributions across different regions of Australia. On the basis of 1534 samples, the local meteoric water line (LMWL) was established as delta D = 7.10 delta O-18 + 8.21. delta O-18 showed a depletion trend from north and south to central Australia (a continental effect) and from west to east. Precipitation amount effects were generally greater than temperature effects, with quadratic or logarithmic correlations describing delta/T and delta/P better than linear relationships. Nonlinear stepwise regression was used to determine the significant meteorological control factors for each station, explaining about 50% or more of the delta O-18 variations. Geographical control factors for delta O-18 were given by the relationship delta O-18 (parts per thousand) = -0.005 longitude (degrees) - 0.034 latitude (degrees)-0.003 altitude (m) - 4.753. Four different types of d-excess patterns demonstrated particular precipitation formation conditions for four major seasonal rainfall zones. Finally, wavelet coherence (WTC) between delta O-18 and SOI confirmed that the influence of ENSO decreased from east and north to west Australia.

二维分子形状和定量手性程度的研究

以二进制编码描述苯环型化合物分子在二维空间的形状,所得到的编码能够区分二维平面上一对苯环型化合物对映体。由于对映体的二进制编码不同,基于化合物和其镜像的编码计算得到了海明距离,并以其表征1对对映体的定量手性程度。以28对周长为22的手性苯环型化合物对映体为实例,计算苯环型化合物的定量手性程度,其结果仅仅有2个数值,分别为海明距离4和6。具有不同形状的该类化合物很多,为了提高分辨率,分别计算了窗口宽度从1～16时的海明距离,并分别以其来代表定量手性程度。结果显示全部16个窗口的海明距离的加和具有最大的区分能力,共得到17种海明距离。如果将每一窗口的细节引入到计算中,并采用类似的方法计算,则实例中所有的28个苯环型化合物实现了完全的区分,所得到的定量手性程度的区分能力是令人满意的。本研究证明如果用适当的编码来描述二维空间中分子的边界,能够解决分子形状的定量表征。尽管本文的二进制编码衍生于平...

海藻抗肿瘤抗细菌生物活性物质的研究

该文对近四年来海洋抗肿瘤药物的研究现状和大型海藻天然产物的研究现状进行了简要的综述.概述了近年来世界各国的海藻抗肿瘤筛选方面的工作进展;总结了近年来从蓝藻、甲藻、红藻、褐藻、绿藻中分离的活性化合物,其中包括已经进入临床研究阶段的Scytophycin、Halomon、Cryptophycin、Malyngamide、Tolytoxin等.综述了近四年来从大型海藻中分离的约100个天然化合物,其中大部分具有重要的生物活性.以采自山东沿海的39种海藻的96个样品为材料,进行了较系统的抗肿瘤生物活性的筛选,共发现了8种有选择性抗肿瘤活性的海藻.运用薄层层析方法对10种海藻提取物的抗金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌活性进行了研究,发现褐藻提取物的抗菌活性最高,红藻的抗菌活性较低,而绿藻门海藻几乎没有活性.红藻门的松节藻、鸭毛藻有一定的活性.褐藻门的酸藻和海黍子活性较高.酸藻和海黍子的3个强抗菌活性带对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为33mm、17mm和17.5mm,酸藻水相的2个活性带还能抑制大肠杆菌,其抑菌圈直径分别为21mm和16mm.对山东沿海分布量较大的两种海藻进行了先导化合物的分离纯化和结构鉴定.对萱藻和松节藻中得到的纯化合物和其它粗提物进行了细胞毒活性的检验.