Enantioseparation of Dioxopromethazine Hydrochloride in Urine with Liquid-Liquid Extraction by CE-ECL Detection

Capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection was developed for the separation and determination of dioxopromethazine hydrochloride (DPZ) enantiomers. Performance parameters of the proposed method were evaluated. An improved separation of DPZ enantiomers could be achieved after adding boric acid to buffer. The enantiomers were completely separated with running buffer of 16.5 mM beta-CD in 25 mM tris-H3PO4-40 mM H3BO3 at pH 2.5. The proposed method was successfully applied to the separation and determination of DPZ enantiomers in human urine with a liquid-liquid extraction procedure.

Microstructure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the novel (W1-xAlx)C-Co (x=0.2, 0.33, 0.4, 0.5) cemented carbide

Bulk novel cemented carbides (W1-xAlx)C-10.1 vol% Co (x = 0.2, 0.33, 0.4, 0.5) are prepared by mechanical alloying and hot-pressing sintering. Hot-pressing (HP) is used to fabricate the bulk bodies of the hard alloys. The novel cemented carbides have good mechanical properties compared with WC-Co. The density and operating cost of the novel material is much lower than a WC-Co system. The material is easy to process and the processing leads to nano-scaled, rounded, particles in the bulk material. The hardness of (W1-xAlx)C-10.1 vol% Co (x = 0.2, 0.33, 0.4, 0.5) hard material is 20.37, 21.16, 21.59 and 22.16 GPa, and the bending strength is 1257, 1238, 1211 and 1293 MPa, with the aluminum content varying from 20% to 50%. The relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the novel hard alloy is also discussed.

Coating carbon nanotubes with europium oxide

Carbon nanotubes (CNTS) coating with europium oxide by a simple method is reported in this letter for the first time. The CNTS were refluxed in a solution of nitric acid containing europium nitrate, and the pH value was subsequently ajusted with ammonia solution. At last, the mixture was filtered and annealed. The TEM micrograph showed that the CNTS were covered with a uniform thin layer with thickness of about 15 nm. The XRD results revealed that the CNTS were coated with europium oxide.

A novel photochromic multilayer based on preyssler's cluster

A novel photochromic multilayer film containing polyoxometalates has been fabricated using layer-by-layer self-assembly.

DYNAMIC SCALING OF THE STRUCTURE-FUNCTION FOR SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION IN CRITICAL AND NONCRITICAL MIXTURES OF POLY(VINYL ACETATE) POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)

The dynamics of phase separation in a binary polymer blend of poly(vinyl acetate) with poly(methyl methacrylate) was investigated by using a time-resolved light-scattering technique. In the later stages of spinodal decomposition, a simple dynamic scaling law was found for the scattering function S(q, t)(S(q, t) approximately I(q, t)): S(q, t)q(m)-3 S approximately (q/q(m)). The scaling function determined experimentally was in good agreement with that predicted by Furukawa, S approximately (X) approximately X2/(3 + X8) for critical concentration, and approximately in agreement with that predicted by Furukawa, S approximately (X) approximately X2/(3 + X6) for non-critical mixtures. The light-scattering invariant shows that the later stages of the spinodal decomposition were undergoing domain ripening.

Alloy elements' effect on anti-corrosion performance of low alloy steels in different sea zones

The corrosion rate of low alloy steel in different sea zones has close correlation with the content of the alloy element. From the field data of steel corrosion rates in atmospheric zone, splash zone and immersion zone, regression analysis was used to study the correlation between the corrosion rate of steels and the amount of added alloy elements. Three regression equations were obtained in different sea zones. Based on the equations, the anti-corrosion performance of the alloy elements can be deduced which can be used to screen out low alloy steel with good anti-corrosion performance. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

青藏高原高海拔地区C4植物的发现

通过对青藏高原地区27°42′～40°57′N,88°93′～103°24′E海拔2210～5050m范围内采集的植物进行碳同位素分析,发现其中2种藜科和6种禾本科植物是C4植物.11个地点的4种C4植物海拔超过了3800 m,其中6个地点的3种C4植物(白草Pennisetum centrasiaticum,云南野古草Arundinella yunnanensis和固沙草Orinus thoroldii)分布在海拔4000 m以上,最高可达4520 m.分析认为在大气低CO2分压背景下,强光照提供的充足能量使C4植物能忍耐更低的温度,以及青藏高原南部降雨集中于高温季节的有利条件,可能是C4植物生长在高海拔地区的重要原因.

甘肃陇西道地药材蒙古黄芪规范化栽培技术规程初步研究

目的规范蒙古黄芪种植、加工,使蒙古黄芪生产达到优质高产无公害的标准,与国际接轨,使中药走向世界.方法通过对陇西县及其毗邻地区黄芪产区的种植历史、基本生态环境、种质资源、良种选育的调查和试验,并取样对活性成分进行检测.结果改变了产区传统生产中存在的不足,形成了蒙古黄芪规范化种植规程.结论通过规范化种植生产出来的蒙古黄芪具有优良的品质.

Effects of altitude on plant-species diversity and productivity in an alpine meadow, Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

During the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003, biomass productivity and diversity were examined along an altitudinal transect on the south-western slope of Beishan Mountain, Maqin County (33 degrees 43'-35 degrees 16'N, 98 degrees 48'-100 degrees 55'E), Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Six altitudes were selected, between 3840 and 4435 m. Soil organic matter, soil available N and P and environmental factors significantly affected plant-species diversity and productivity of the alpine meadows. Aboveground biomass declined significantly with increasing altitude (P < 0.05) and it was positively and linearly related to late summer soil-surface temperature. Belowground biomass (0 - 10-cm depth) was significantly greater at the lowest and highest altitudes than at intermediate locations, associated with water and nutrient availabilities. At each site, the maximum belowground biomass values occurred at the beginning and the end of the growing seasons (P < 0.05). Soil organic matter content, and available N and P were negatively and closely related to plant diversity (species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index).

一种柔性冲压自动化生产线系统的研制

本文介绍了一种用于大型汽车覆盖件冲压生产的柔性自动化生产线，系统由６台压机、１２台上下料机械手、１台翻转传输装置、４台穿梭传输装置及１台磁力分层装置构成．给出了生产线的主要性能指标、机械手结构简图及单元控制系统框图，简要介绍了系统的工作原理。

Um primeiro balanço da Colonização Agrícola em Rondônia.

Este trabalho analisa a evolução do perfil agro-sócio-econômico e ambiental de quase duas centenas de agricultores da fronteira agrícola em Rondônia, entre 1986 e 1996. Esse acompanhamento, baseado em cerca de 250 variáveis, foi realizado por uma equipe de pesquisadores do Núcleo de Monitoramento Ambiental e de Recursos Naturais por Satélite e da organização não governamental Ecoforça Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. A análise utilizou três critérios principais: a evolução da eficiência ambiental da agricultura; a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos agricultores e a gestão ambiental na região de fronteira agrícola. Os resultados indicam que o impacto ambiental da agricultura, sobre os ecossistemas, tem diminuído na escala da propriedade rural com: redução do desmatamento; diminuição das queimadas; uso mais eficiente e melhor destino dado à madeira; além de mudanças positivas no uso das terras; diversificação das estratégias produtivas; intensificação do uso das terras; intensificação do emprego da mão-de-obra familiar e emprego de força de trabalho extra-familiar. Por outro lado, aumentou o apoio dos serviços urbanos e a qualidade de vida dos agricultores teve um crescimento significativo, segundo vários indicadores. A evolução na gestão de estruturas e sistemas de produção, não é apenas o resultado de determinismos ambientais e sim uma resposta social, aos condicionantes agroecológicos e sócio-econômicos. Tendências e prognósticos também são discutidos no trabalho.

Intelligence Without Reason

Computers and Thought are the two categories that together define Artificial Intelligence as a discipline. It is generally accepted that work in Artificial Intelligence over the last thirty years has had a strong influence on aspects of computer architectures. In this paper we also make the converse claim; that the state of computer architecture has been a strong influence on our models of thought. The Von Neumann model of computation has lead Artificial Intelligence in particular directions. Intelligence in biological systems is completely different. Recent work in behavior-based Artificial Intelligenge has produced new models of intelligence that are much closer in spirit to biological systems. The non-Von Neumann computational models they use share many characteristics with biological computation.

The Retail Market for Bednets in Kenya: How Well Is It Working?

Background Achieving the goals set by Roll Back Malaria and the Government of Kenya for use of insecticide treated bednets (ITNs) will require that the private retail market for nets and insecticide treatments grow substantially. This paper applies some basic concepts of market structure and pricing to a set of recently-collected retail price data from Kenya in order to answer the question, “How well are Kenyan retail markets for ITNs working?” Methods Data on the availability and prices of ITNs at a wide range of retail outlets throughout Kenya were collected in January 2002, and vendors and manufacturers were interviewed regarding market structure. Findings Untreated nets are manufactured in Kenya by a number of companies and are widely available in large and medium-sized towns. Availability in smaller villages is limited. There is relatively little geographic price variation, and nets can be found at competitive prices in towns and cities. Marketing margins on prices appear to be within normal ranges. No finished nets are imported. Few pre-treated nets or net+treatment combinations are available, with the exception of the subsidized Supanet/Power Tab combination marketed by a donor-funded social marketing project. Conclusions Retail markets for untreated nets in Kenya are well established and appear to be competitive. Markets for treated nets and insecticide treatment kits are not well established. The role of subsidized ITN marketing projects should be monitored to ensure that these projects support, rather than hinder, the development of retail markets.