Associação genética entre o perfil de ácidos graxos e outras características da carcaça e carne de bovinos da raça Nelore

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Ácidos graxos da gordura de cobertura do contrafilé de bovinos Nelore e Canchim terminados em confinamento e alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado nas dietas

The objective was to evaluate fatty acids composition of the back fat in loin meat (Longissimus muscle) from Nellore and Canchim young bulls. The animals were finished at feedlot and received sugar cane diets with two concentrate levels (40 and 60% of dry matter). The concentrates were formulated with sunflower grains, corn, soybean meal, dry sugar cane yeast, urea and mineral mixture. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement (genetic group x concentrate level), and the results were submitted to the variance analysis and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, when the interaction was significant. The loin backfat of Nellore bulls had higher concentration of conjugated linoleic acids than Canchim bulls (0.86 and 0.59%, respectively). On the other hand, the loin back fat of Canchim bulls had higher concentrations of estearic (17.07%) and linoleic acids (2.40%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids than Nellore bulls, that showed values of 13.47 and 1.44%, respectively. The Nellore and Canchim loin back fat presents significant amounts of beneficial fatty acids to human health. Levels of 40 and 60% of concentrate in the diet did not alter the fatty acids composition of loin backfat.

Perfil de ácidos graxos em batatas Chips comercializadas em são José do Rio Preto - Brasil

The objective this study was to evaluate the fatty acids profile of samples of chips potato marketed in the city of São Jose do Rio Preto-SP. We collected samples of 10 brands of chips potato, obtained from 3 different batches. The fatty acids profile was obtained by gas chromatography, with peak identified by retention times with standards of methyl esters and the results calculated and expressed as g/100g of the sample. The fatty acids profile in chips potatoes from different brands were on average 39.22% for saturated fatty acids, 39.64% for monounsaturated, 18.60% for polyunsaturated and 2.43% for trans fatty acids.

Otimização de um método analítico para determinação de ácidos graxos em plasma sanguíneo de rato

This work has as main theme optimize the method of determination of fatty acids such as methyl octanoate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate in blood plasma samples from mice. The method proved to be very suitable for the analysis, in which we obtained the following linear coefficients: 0.9992, 0.9989, 0.9996, 0.9995, 0.9999 for methyl linoleate acid, methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate and methyl octanoate, respectively. Esterification of the samples gave good reading of chromatograms of samples without interfering peaks. The results obtained were as expected from the diet of mices

Biohidrogenação microbiana e o fluxo duodenal de ácidos graxos do rumen em novilhos de corte suplementados com fontes lipídicas em dietas contendo glicerina

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Efeito do genótipo sobre a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de borregas

O objetivo neste experimento foi avaliar os efeitos do genótipo sobre a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos no músculo longissimus dorsi de borregas. Foram utilizados 36 animais dos grupos genéticos: Santa Inês (SI), Ile de France (IF), Ile de France × Santa Inês (IF × SI), Dorper × Santa Inês (DO × SI), Texel × Santa Inês (TE × SI) e Suffolk × Santa Inês (SU × SI). Os animais foram distribuídos em blocos completos casualizados, definidos de acordo com o peso e a idade inicial. Não houve efeito do genótipo sobre os teores de umidade, cinzas e proteína no músculo. A carne das borregas dos genótipos Santa Inês e Suffolk × Santa Inês apresentou menor teor de gordura em comparação à das borregas Ile de France e Ile de France × Santa Inês. Os ácidos graxos identificados em maiores proporções no músculo foram o ácido oleico (C18:1cis), ácido palmítico (C16:0) e ácido esteárico (C18:0). No grupo genético Ile de France × Santa Inês, a relação entre os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e saturados foi menor que nas borregas Santa Inês e Suffolk × Santa Inês. O genótipo Santa Inês e o cruzamento Suffolk × Santa Inês tem potencial para produção de carne de melhor valor nutricional, devido ao menor teor de gordura e à melhor relação entre ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e saturados.

Características físico-químicas, sensoriais e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de cabras saanen alimentadas com cactáceas

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the supply of five types of native and exotic cacti Brazilian semiarid northeast on the sensory characteristics of milk of Saanen goats. Five multiparous goats were used with nine weeks of lactation, average live weight of 50 kg ± 4 kg., confined and distributed in a Latin square design 5 x 5 with five experimental diets and five periods. Each period lasted 17 days, with 10 days of adaptation to the diets of the animals and seven days for the data collection. The treatments were defined based on dry matter consisted of: 47.33 to 50.12% of a cactus (“Xiquexique”, “Mandacaru”, “Facheiro” or two species of forage cactus “Miúda” or “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”) more 18.78 to 19.79% hay of plant “Sabiá” and 31.10 to 32.89% of concentrate. There was not effect of the experimental diets in the physical and chemical composition of milk for fat, total solids and salts, which showed mean values of 3.24%; 11.30% and 0.66%, respectively. However the protein, lactose, nonfat dry extract and freezing point were affected by diets. In the profile of fatty acids was higher concentration of fatty short and medium chain fatty acids, however, there were not changes between treatments, except for the butyric acid (C4:0), with mean values of 4.24% (“Orelha de Elefante Mexicana”) to 6.05% (“Facheiro”). The diets also did not provide sensory changes in milk for the parameters: odor, flavor, aftertaste and overall assessment. The use of the five cactus in the diet of dairy goats do not influence the sensory characteristics and lipid profile of milk. The physical and chemical composition of milk was showed within the minimum requirements of current legislation, except for nonfat dry extract and freezing point.

Avaliação das características de carcaça e perfil dos ácidos graxos em suínos na fase de terminação, alimentados com dietas contendo farelo de bagaço de caju

Provide healthier meat to consumers of pig farmers has required an adjustment of nutrition and feed management. Nutrition is a primary factor in defining the qualitative aspects of pork, because through it we can modify the fatty acid profile. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of adding bran bagasse cashew (FBC) in diets for finishing pigs, on carcass traits and meat quality. 20 crossbred barrows with an average initial weight of 57.93 ± 3.67 kg / BW were used Diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal containing vegetable oil, commercial core and different levels of inclusion of the bran bagasse cashew ( 0.0, 7.5 % , 15.0 % , 22.5 % and 30.0 % ) . The experimental design was a randomized block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Quantitative, qualitative, fatty acid profile of the longissimus muscle and fat area parameters were evaluated. It was observed that with the inclusion of FBC, the parameters of carcass yield, backfat thickness, fat area had a negative linear effect relationship and meat / fat positive effect. Regarding the profile of fatty acids in fat area, the content of linoleic fatty acid level of 30 % of FBC was 18.2 % higher ( P < 0.05 ) at the level of 0.0 % and the arachidonic level of 22.5 % was higher than 33.3 % and 37.5 % at levels of 0.0 % and 15.0 % ( FBC ) respectively. It is concluded that finishing pigs may be food diets containing up to 30 % of FBC, improving the quality of housing for lower fat deposition and modification in the fatty acid profile.

Concentração do óleo de girassol em compostos insaturados utilizando destilação molecular

Vegetable oils are characterized as important raw materials in the supplying of natural substances of interest pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry. Sunflower oil stands out for its important composition present in unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2), responsible for many health benefits. The main objective of this study is obtain enriched fractions in unsaturated compounds from refined sunflower oil. The oil used in this study was characterized by the determination of some properties, like iodine number, acid number and viscosity. A transesterification was done to transform the triglycerides into their corresponding methyl esters of fatty acids. These was submitted the molecular distillation process, for present as an efficient alternative to separation and purification of these substances, using high vacuum and low temperatures. Of the esters fractions that was obtained, were analyzed by gas chromatography. The experimental design technique was used to evaluate the influence of the temperature variation of evaporation and condensation system on the percentage obtained residue. The evaporator temperature proved to be the most influential variable on the studied response. The optimized conditions for the answer was studied at 100 °C for evaporator temperature and 10 °C for the condenser temperature. The graph of "split ratio" showed that for the lowest flow feed (1 mL/min) and higher evaporator temperature (110 °C) was obtained in the largest fraction of distillate. It also used the study of the influence of evaporator temperature on the concentration of unsaturated compounds. The best operating conditions for temperature was 90 °C reached 82.21 % of unsaturated compounds. Elimination curves of the unsaturated compounds present in the distillate stream were obtained. The simulation results of the molecular distillation process of sunflower oil showed the concentration profiles for three different feed flow rates. The speed, temperature and thickness profiles of the liquid film were obtained. The speed of the film increases as the fluid flows through the walls of the evaporator, reaching a maximum on length of 0.075 m. The film thickness decreases on the route, since many compounds are volatilized. The result of the temperature profile had to be consistent with the literature reproduced, being constant after reaching the maximum operating temperature in the length of 0.15 m. This study allowed characterizing and focusing, through experimental analysis, unsaturated compounds and observing the sunflower oil´s behavior through process simulation.

Concentração do óleo de girassol em compostos insaturados utilizando destilação molecular

Vegetable oils are characterized as important raw materials in the supplying of natural substances of interest pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry. Sunflower oil stands out for its important composition present in unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2), responsible for many health benefits. The main objective of this study is obtain enriched fractions in unsaturated compounds from refined sunflower oil. The oil used in this study was characterized by the determination of some properties, like iodine number, acid number and viscosity. A transesterification was done to transform the triglycerides into their corresponding methyl esters of fatty acids. These was submitted the molecular distillation process, for present as an efficient alternative to separation and purification of these substances, using high vacuum and low temperatures. Of the esters fractions that was obtained, were analyzed by gas chromatography. The experimental design technique was used to evaluate the influence of the temperature variation of evaporation and condensation system on the percentage obtained residue. The evaporator temperature proved to be the most influential variable on the studied response. The optimized conditions for the answer was studied at 100 °C for evaporator temperature and 10 °C for the condenser temperature. The graph of "split ratio" showed that for the lowest flow feed (1 mL/min) and higher evaporator temperature (110 °C) was obtained in the largest fraction of distillate. It also used the study of the influence of evaporator temperature on the concentration of unsaturated compounds. The best operating conditions for temperature was 90 °C reached 82.21 % of unsaturated compounds. Elimination curves of the unsaturated compounds present in the distillate stream were obtained. The simulation results of the molecular distillation process of sunflower oil showed the concentration profiles for three different feed flow rates. The speed, temperature and thickness profiles of the liquid film were obtained. The speed of the film increases as the fluid flows through the walls of the evaporator, reaching a maximum on length of 0.075 m. The film thickness decreases on the route, since many compounds are volatilized. The result of the temperature profile had to be consistent with the literature reproduced, being constant after reaching the maximum operating temperature in the length of 0.15 m. This study allowed characterizing and focusing, through experimental analysis, unsaturated compounds and observing the sunflower oil´s behavior through process simulation.

Estudo dos tratamentos térmicos dos triacilglicerídeos, ácidos graxos e ésteres metílicos : perfil reacional e mecanismos

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2015.

Influência dos ácidos graxos do tipo ômega-3 ou ômega-6 e o nanomaterial de carbono fulereno (C60) no estado antioxidante em suspensões celulares de cérebro de Cyprinus carpio (Pisces, Cyprinidae)

Os nanomateriais de carbono como o fulereno (C60) apresenta comportamentos bioquímicos distintos, podendo atuar como antioxidante ou pró-oxidante em diferentes sistemas biológicos. Outra evidência ao C60 refere-se a sua característica lipofilica, na qual oferece ação mais direta a diferentes tipos de membranas celulares. Do mesmo modo ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPs) como o ômega-3 (DHA) e o ômega-6 (LA) são importantes para funções celulares da membrana, sendo considerados antioxidantes clássicos. Dessa forma este estudo avaliou em suspensões celulares de cérebro da carpa (Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinidae), o efeito de C60 após um pré-tratamento com DHA ou LA. Para tal avaliação os ensaios consistiram em um pré-tratamento com AGPs (48h) e após exposição a C60 (2h). Como resultados observamos que a viabilidade celular e a capacidade antioxidante total não apresentaram diferença (p> 0.05) entre todos os grupos. Em relação a valores de espécies ativas de oxigênio e dano lipídico foi observado redução nos seus valores nos grupos expostos ao C60 pré – tratados com AGPs (p<0.05). Em termos de cisteína, ocorre uma redução da sua concentração em todos os grupos expostos ao C60. Porém para glutationa a exposição ao C60 provoca um aumento de sua concentração nos grupo controle (sem AGPs) e no grupo pré – tratado com DHA. Dessa forma consideramos que o pré – tratamento com AGPs é benéfico às células, uma vez que um aumento nos níveis de glutationa e uma diminuição na concentração de espécies ativas de oxigênio e peroxidação lipídica foram observados nos grupos expostos ao C60. Sendo assim um bom estado nutritivo em termos da concentração de AGPs foi considerado benéfico na exposição ao fulereno.

Perfil de Ácidos Graxos no Leite de Búfala.

2015

Perfil de ácidos graxos de híbridos de girassol cultivados em Londrina.

2016