975 resultados para thromboxane A2


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巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)是松科冷杉属常绿乔木,是秦巴山地森林的重要树种之一,为我国特有的重要用材树种和经济林树种。近年来,由于乱砍滥伐、采育失调等人为干扰的影响,许多地区的巴山冷杉群落处于消退状态,原始林日趋减少。神农架地区是巴山冷杉天然分布区的东界,这里分布着大片巴山冷杉纯林,对这一地区巴山冷杉的种群生态学的专门性研究较少。本研究包括三方面的内容:1.神农架地区巴山冷杉林的物种组成与群落结构;2.巴山冷杉林的种群结构与动态;3.巴山冷杉群落主要树种的分布格局,旨在为巴山冷杉林的培育及天然林的保护提供理论依据。 神农架巴山冷杉林具有典型的温带常绿针叶林性质,巴山冷杉在群落中占绝对优势,红桦、粉红杜鹃为乔木层次优种。群落物种组成丰富,1公顷样地内共有维管束植物34科63属74种,以温带性分布占优势,群落中以中小型革质、单叶的常绿高位芽植物占多数。群落成层现象明显,结构不很复杂,在垂直方向上可划分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和苔藓层,乔木层没有明显的亚层,灌木层不太发达,草本层以菊科植物为主,林下苔藓层发达。 巴山冷杉种群为进展型种群,幼苗储备丰富,但幼树缺失,属林窗更新方式。高度结构基本呈倒金字塔形,植株个体数随冠幅级的递增呈倒“J”形分布,冠幅小于20m2的植株占87.4%,其中5m2以下最多(30.8%)。冠幅与胸径的关系比与树高更密切,冠幅与胸径的回归方程为y=2.7118e0.0308x,R2=0.520。 定量研究了0-40m尺度上巴山冷杉、红桦和粉红杜鹃种群的空间格局。结果表明,巴山冷杉种群在0-16m尺度上表现为聚集分布,16-40m尺度上表现为随机分布;各年龄阶段的分布格局也有所不同,幼年种群为强烈的聚集分布,随着巴山冷杉的生长,聚集强度降低,逐渐扩散为随机分布。红桦种群在0-2m、11-18m以及20-21m的尺度上表现为聚集分布,在其余尺度上为随机分布;a2、a3级的个体在0-4m的小尺度上均为聚集分布,尺度大于4m时全部表现为随机分布。粉红杜鹃为聚集分布,且受研究尺度与年龄大小的影响不大,表现出对高竞争环境的适应性特征。

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处于北半球高纬度地区的环球北方森林是大气CO2的重要碳汇。但是,研究表明未来气候变化将使全球北方林北移,并由目前的大气CO2碳汇转为碳源。兴安落叶松林主要分布在大兴安岭林区,是我国寒温带针叶林区北段的地带性植被,也是环球北方森林的组成部分,位于我国对全球变化敏感的区域,是森林生态系统研究的重点。 本文以温暖指数(WI),寒冷指数(CI),湿润指数(WI),一月最低温度,七月最高温度和年降水量等环境变量为因子,比较分析了广义线性模型(GLM),逐步回归广义线性模型(SGLM),广义加法模型(GAM)和分类回归树(CART)模型对兴安落叶松地理分布的模拟效果。并结合全球气候模式预估的未来情景对未来气候条件下的分布进行了预估。同时,利用搜集到的生产力及相应的气候数据,在比较分析4个区域植被气候生产力模型对兴安落叶松林生产力模拟效果的基础上,选择模拟效果和结构简单的区域植被气候生产力模型,引入林龄这一生物因子,建立了兴安落叶松林生物气候生产力模型,探讨了兴安落叶松林生产力对气候变化的响应。结果表明,在广义线性模型,逐步回归广义线性模型,广义加法模型和分类回归树模型4个模型中,以广义加法模型模拟兴安落叶松地理分布最为准确。据此,结合未来气候变化情景模拟了兴安落叶松分布。在SRES-A2排放方案下,2020年兴安落叶松适宜分布面积将减少58.1%,2050年适宜分布面积进一步减少99.7%;在SRES-B2排放方案下,兴安落叶松适宜分布面积到2020年将减少66.4%,到2050年进一步减少97.9%。两种排放方案下,到2100年兴安落叶松适宜分布区将完全从我国消失。 4个区域植被气候生产力模型中,以综合模型模拟结果与实测值相关性最好,Thornthwaite memorial模型次之,但综合模型需要参数较多,且参数较难获取,因此选用Thornthwaite memorial模型来模拟兴安落叶松林气候生产力。在区域植被气候生产力模型的基础上,引入林龄这一生物因子,能显著提高区域植被气候生产力模型的模拟精度,从而建立了兴安落叶松林生物气候生产力模型。运用所建的兴安落叶松林生物气候生产力模型,结合未来气候情景预测,对不同林龄的兴安落叶松林生产力对气候变化的响应进行了研究,结果表明,未来气候变化下,不同林龄的兴安落叶松林生产力均有不同程度的增加。

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森林作为陆地生态系统的主体,在全球陆地碳循环中起着决定性作用。实测和模型研究均表明北半球的森林是重要的大气CO2汇,在缓解全球碳收支失衡中发挥着关键作用。过去几十年北半球所经历的显著气候变化,已经很大地改变了陆地生态系统的碳平衡状况。随着未来100年气候变化继续增大,对未来气候变化下森林生态系统碳平衡的预测研究就尤为重要。 北京山区森林属于典型的暖温带森林生态系统,前人对本区森林的植被特征、生态系统结构和功能、养分循环以及长期动态变化等都进行了深入的研究。然而长期的人类活动已使本区原生的地带性植被破坏殆尽。因此,对该区域森林生态系统碳平衡的模拟研究可以帮助我们认识其生态系统碳平衡变化特点及未来气候变化对其潜在的影响。 本研究采用LPJ-GUESS植被动态机理模型,利用IPCC于2000年发布的《排放情景特别报告》(SRES)的A2和B2两种情景下不同气候模式对华北地区未来100年温度和降水预测的平均值以及相应大气CO2浓度变化情景进行驱动,模拟北京山区未来100年暖温带森林生态系统的净初级生产力和碳平衡,尽可能真实地反映未来百年的变化趋势。通过比较当前和未来气候情景下北京山区以辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)为优势种的落叶阔叶林、以白桦(Betula platyphylla)为主的落叶阔叶林和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)为主的针阔混交林三种典型暖温带森林生态系统的碳平衡差异,了解未来北京山区这三种暖温带森林生态系统的碳源汇功能,认识气候变化和大气CO2浓度升高对净初级生产力(Net primary productivity, NPP)、净生态系统碳交换(Net ecosystem exchange, NEE)、土壤异养呼吸(Heterotrophic respiration, Rh)和碳储量(Carbon biomass, C biomass)的影响,以及不同生态系统碳平衡对气候变化响应的异质性。 结果表明,未来100年两种气候情景下三种森林生态系统的NPP和Rh均增加,并且A2情景下增加的程度更大。由于三种生态系统树种组成的不同,未来气候情景下各自NPP和Rh增加的比例不同,导致三者NEE的变化也相异:100年后辽东栎林由碳汇转变为弱碳源,白桦林仍保持为碳汇但功能减弱,油松林成为一个更大的碳汇。三种森林生态系统的碳生物量在未来气候情景下均增大,21世纪末与20世纪末相比:辽东栎林在A2情景下碳生物量增加的比例为27.6%,大于B2情景下的19.3%;白桦林和油松林在B2情景下碳生物量增加的比例分别为34.2%和52.2%,大于A2情景下的30.8%和28.4%。各森林类型碳平衡状况不同,原因除气候因素外,主要是由于树种组成的差异所导致。SRES A2和B2两种气候情景相比,相对较低的排放情景(B2)下,生态系统有更高的碳储量。

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高等植物光系统II的捕光天线蛋白(LHC II)在光能的吸收、传递和调节激发能在两个光系统之间的分配以及维持类囊体膜的垛叠等方面都起着重要的作用,因而得到了广泛的研究。目前普遍认为LHC II在植物体内是以三聚体的形式存在并行使功能的,但也有研究者发现了单体和寡聚体等多种形式的LHC II。本论文以菠菜为研究对象,采用改进的方法从类囊体膜中提取纯化了LHC II三聚体,对膜脂和色素在三聚体形成和蛋白空间结构中的影响,以及不同聚集态LHC II组成、结构和功能的差异进行了较系统的研究。此外,还将Lhcb2基因反向插入到烟草中,利用转基因植物来研究其生理功能。获得了如下结果: 1,采用改进的方法从菠菜类囊体膜中分离纯化了LHC II。与改进前比,其流程可以缩短2小时且产率也有明显的提高。SDS变性电泳和Triton X-100非变性电泳的检测结果表明,此样品纯度较高,是由三条分子量分别为29KD、28KD和26KD的多肽组成的异质三聚体。同时样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析结果也与前人的报道一致。 2,分析了LHC II三聚体中的膜脂和脂肪酸组成及含量。与PSII相比,LHC II含有相同的四种膜脂:MGDG、DGDG、PG和SQDG。但LHC II中PG的含量是PSII的两倍,说明PSII中的PG主要富集在外周天线区域。同时PG中含有特异的反式十六碳一烯酸,且含量很高。用专一消化PG上Sn-2位脂肪酸链的磷脂酶A2(PLA2)处理LHC II三聚体,然后再加入PG重组的方法证明了含十六碳一烯酸的PG在三聚体结构的维持中起着至关重要的作用。去掉PG后, LHC II三聚体的结构受到了影响,部分解聚成了单体,同时其光谱特性也发生了变化,表现为叶绿素b分子的吸收峰及其激发的荧光发射峰都明显下降。回加PG则可使解聚的单体又重新聚集成三聚体。 3,分别用电洗脱和蔗糖密度梯度离心两种方法分离了LHC II三聚体、二聚体和单体。两者比较,电洗脱对样品的破坏较大,而蔗糖密度梯度离心更加温和,对蛋白上结合的色素影响不大。系统研究了不同聚集态LHC II的组成和光谱特性后发现,三种聚集态的LHC II有相同的多肽组成,并且都结合着5种色素,但是色素的含量差异较大。二聚体和单体中,叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素分子的含量比三聚体的低很多,此外,单体叶绿素a分子的含量也明显减少。对三种聚集态LHC II的各种光谱特性进行分析的结果表明,由于叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素分子含量较少,二聚体和单体中叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的吸收均有所下降,而且从类胡萝卜素到叶绿素b以及从叶绿素b到叶绿素a的能量传递效率都低于LHC II三聚体,总体表现为三聚体 > 二聚体 > 单体。此外,不同单体之间叶绿素a到叶绿素a的能量传递也被破坏。推测三种聚集态LHC II在吸能、传能和结构上的差异,可能是植物适应不同外界环境的一种调控机制。 4,模拟体内过程,在体外将大肠杆菌中表达的Lhcb2蛋白和色素进行重组,以此来研究色素与蛋白组装过程中蛋白二级结构和色素结合状态的变化。结果表明色素在脱辅基蛋白的体外重折叠中至关重要。在与色素重组的过程中,蛋白二级结构中-螺旋含量逐渐上升并最终接近天然水平,而无规卷曲逐渐减少。从光谱的变化可以看出,色素分子与蛋白的结合经历了一个由无序到有序的过程,色素蛋白复合物的光谱信号由弱变强,重组得到的样品与天然LHC II十分相似。 5,为了更好地研究LHC II异质三聚体中单体可能具有的独特生理功能,建立了Lhcb2基因的反义抑制植物表达载体pBI-antiLhcb2,用根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草,获得了转基因植株。酶切和PCR鉴定证明,Lhcb2基因已经成功地插入到烟草里。进一步的分子鉴定和生理生化功能分析还在进行中。

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利用经酸处理的Sepharose 4B为层析介质,以含0.2mol/L半乳糖,pH7.4台氏液作为洗脱液,从广西产金环蛇(Bungarus fasciatus)蛇毒中一步分离得到一种磷脂酶A_(2)。用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为14kDa。N端部分序列测定表明,所分离得到的磷脂酶A_(2)其N端16个氨基酸残基序列与已报道的金环蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_(2)同功酶Ⅵ(Lu&Lo,1978)一致。该酶糖含量较高,为13.4%;具有弱的磷脂酶A_(2)活性,无毒,也无溶血和出血毒活性。

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榕树与其传粉小蜂形成了高度专一的互惠共生系统。非传粉小蜂则是该系统的资源掠夺者, 但它与 该系统共存的机制仍不清楚。于2003 年12 月—2004 年4 月在西双版纳以聚果榕( Ficus racemosa L. ) 为材料, 研究了寄生在聚果榕榕果内的5 种非传粉小蜂的食性及相互关系, 以探讨非传粉小蜂与榕树- 传粉小蜂系统共 存的机制。结果表明: 寄生在聚果榕榕果内的5 种非传粉小蜂中, 仅Platyneura testacea Motschulsky 和Platyneu2 ra mayri Rasplus 能刺激子房发育成瘿花, 是造瘿者; Apocrypta sp . , Apocrypta westwoodi Grandi 和Platyneura a2 graensis Joseph 不能刺激子房发育成瘿花, 是拟寄生者。传粉小蜂的拟寄生者和造瘿者对传粉小蜂有负的影响, 但在蚂蚁和造瘿者的拟寄生蜂作用下, 这种负面影响并不显著, 而且它们对榕树繁殖没有显著影响。对小蜂自 然种群的分析表明, 传粉小蜂处于优势地位。说明在自然情况下传粉小蜂的拟寄生者和造瘿者的种群维持在一 个较低水平, 对榕树- 传粉小蜂系统稳定性影响较小, 故能与之长期共存。

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A fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (similar to700 bp) was sequenced in 104 individuals from 20 breeds (three Chinese domestic breeds, five recently derived breeds and 12 introduced breeds) of domestic rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus . Nineteen sites were polymorphic, with 18 transitions and one insertion/deletion, and eight haplotypes (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7 and A8) were identified. Haplotype A1 was the most common and occurred in 89 individuals. In the 25 Chinese rabbits, only haplotype A1 was observed, while four haplotypes (A1, A3, A5 and A6) were found in 26 recently derived individuals. Haplotype A2 was shared by seven individuals among three introduced strains. The other six haplotypes accounted for 0. 96-1. 92% of the animals. Combined with the published sequences of European rabbits, a reduced median-joining network was constructed. The Chinese rabbit mtDNAs were scattered into two clusters of European rabbits. These results suggest that the (so-called) Chinese rabbits were introduced from Europe. Genetic diversity in Chinese rabbits was very low.

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在作为成瘾检测手段的条件化位置偏爱模型中,环境背景和成瘾药物间的关联性学习起着关键的作用.突触可塑性作为学习记忆可能的物质基础,在药物成瘾方面的研究也越来越多,但其表现形式,长时程增强(LTP)或者长时程抑制(LTD)在成瘾过程中所发挥的具体作用尚不得而知.因此,本文利用生物信息学手段,设计并合成了旨在分别阻断LTP和LTD的干扰肽,研究其对小鼠吗啡条件化位置偏爱的影响.结果发现,干扰肽Pep-A2和Pep-A3能够分别特异地阻断海马CA1区的LTP和LTD,在测试前尾静脉注射具有穿膜特性的LTP/LTD特异性干扰肽(Tat-A2/Tat-A3),均能阻断或损伤吗啡诱导的条件化位置偏爱的表达.此发现提示我们,LTP和LTD在成瘾性异常记忆的过程中均发挥着重要的作用.

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In this study the process of female gray mullet brooders was carried out by using histological study and masurment of sex steroids. Results of histological studies showed that oocyte of gray mullet brooders in Gomishan Rearing Center conditions of develop to the end of yolk globule stage. The results were observed with oocyte in chromatin nucleolar stage (first stage) with means of diameter of 20 p m, in August, perinucleolar stage (second stage) in September with mean diameter of 87 p m, yolk vesicle stage (third stage) in October with mean diameter 200 p m and yolk granules stage (forth stage) from October to November with average diameter of 180 — 650 p m. For the reason of stopping oocyte develop at the end of fourth stage, hormonal induction to final oocyte maturation and ovulation was used. For this purpose, carp pituitary , HCG and LRH-A2 with different combinations were used in two stages, second injection was used 24 hours after first injection. 15 females brooders were divided in 5 groups, different hormonal combinations were injected to four groups and to fifth group as control, only saline, was injected. The process of female brooder rippening in hormonal induction was studied via masurment of sex steroids including 17 a - hydroxy progestrone, estradio1-17)6 and testosterone. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein during first injection, 24, 30 and 48 hours after the first injection. At the same time, for distinguishing histological changes the sample has been attained from the gonads Sex stroid fluctuation patterns in different brooder groups that injected hormon were similar, however hormonal composition had similar effects. All brooder that their oocyte in the beginning of hormonal injection were At the end of fourth stage with oocyte diameter average of 600 p m received to final maturation and ovulation. The brooder that its oocytes were At the begining or mid-fourth stage did not show ovulation but hormonal induction caused oocyte develop at the beginning of fifth stage. Study of 17-hydroxy progestrone fluctuation showed that the maximum level of this steroid (0.347 ng/ml) measured 30 hours after the first injection and was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than those of control group. So, 17-hydroxy progestrone is probably precursor of maturation inducing steroid (MIS). However the maximum level of that observed was coincident with germinal vesicle breakdown, oil droplets coalescence and dissolution of yolk granuls The maximum levels of esteradiol— 17/0 and testosterone (3.778 and 16.801ng/ml,respectively) in spawned brooders,were observed 24 hours after the first injection. levels of those steroids were significantly higher (p<0.05) than control group. Maximum level of sex steroids in the brooders that did not spawn to the end of treatment was observed with more delay than those in spawned brooders. Therefor maximum level of 17a-hydroxy progestrone (0.264 ng/ml) in those brooders observed in fourth sampling time and the maximum levels of estradio1-17a and testosterone (2.944 and 18.993 ng/ml, respectivly)observed in third sampling time that was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of control group. For the study of stress effect on brooders during the hormonal induction, level of cortisol was measured in every sampling time. level of cortisol had high fluctuation that showed handling level and stress effect on brooders. However maximum level of cortisol in majority of brooders was dominant in third sampling time that was coincident with final maturation.

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One of the most important marine ecologic phenomenon , is the study of animal community among the bed or benthic fauna. Macrobenthoses are the graet part of the benthic faune , that are more biomasses than meiofauna and microfauna. To study polychaetes diversity of Mangroves, located in Khoore-Khooran , sampling was conducted on a bimonthly and carried out from December 2001 to October 2002. Bottom samples were collected by Van Veen grab (0.025 m2)at 6 station from 2 transect Insitu measurement of temperature , pH , Do and salinity were done . Atotal of polychaetes werw identified within study 32 Family and 43 Genus . Cirriphormia and Nephtys were the most dominant genus in the studies . The range fomumerical abundance of polychaets was between 3006 per m2 in the station A3 to 559individual per mein the station A1 and the variation was done to different bottom , texture the variable environment conditions govrtneng the different parts of each creeks as well as within creeks . Application of diversity indices (Shannon H') on the dominant polychates assambladges has higher H' in the Azar and lower 1-1/ in the Mehr . and the stations B3 has the highest H' and the station A2 has the lowest H' Application of diversity and Richness, Evennes were studied and showed that the station A3 has the lowest evenness and the most individual , and station A1 has the middle pollution.

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Objective To confirm the genetic relation between Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) isolates from different geographic regions of China and other countries. Methods Genomic DNA were extracted from the trophozoites or cysts of Giardia lamblia. The triose phosphate isomerase (tim) gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR products were digested with endonuclease and sequenced. The data of sequencing were analyzed with the DNAstar software and compared with that of the isolates acquired from GenBank. Results Of nine isolates of Giardia lamblia from China (C1, C2, CH2 and CH3), Cambodia (CAM), Australia (A1 and A2) and America (BP and CDC), respectively, 3 (A1, A2 and CAM) fit into Group 1 (WB), 2 (CH2 and CH3) into Group 2, and 4 (C1, C2, BP and CDC) into Group 3 (GS). The results confirmed the genetic relatedness of G. lamblia isolates from all over the world. Conclusion Genotyping isolates of G. Lamblia provides important information for establishing the phylogenetic relationship or for the epidemiological evaluation of the spreading of this organism.

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利用置信度为95 的特征字研究了蛋白质二级结构以及其对应mRNA 二级结构, 发现 蛋白质二级结构和mRNA 二级结构有明显的相关性. 规则二级结构A2螺旋, B2折叠以及包含 有Turn 的边界明显倾向于mRNA 二级结构的茎区, 而避免出现在环区.

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测定结果示,对湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A2,K+可使酶活性增加,而Fe3+等则不同程度地抑制酶活性

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制备式等电聚焦测得湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A2为单一的吸收峰(OD280),等电点为5.32,证明了作者前报道的纯化的磷脂酶A2为纯品

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 目的 观察蛇毒出血毒素结构的变化对功能的影响。 方法 利用傅利叶变换红外光谱仪对尖吻 蝮蛇毒出血毒素(DaHT23) 在溶液中酰胺I 带吸收光谱的研究, 探测了此出血毒素在溶液中的自然构象 和加入EDTA 螯合剂除去金属离子后构象的变化。 结果 此出血毒素在水溶液中的自然构象分别是: A2 螺旋为3118%、B2折叠为5611%、转角为1211%; 而在去除金属离子情况下A2螺旋和B2折叠减少, 转角 和无规卷曲增加, 即加入螯合剂后其A2螺旋、B2折叠、转角和无规卷曲分别变为11%、2614%、4612% 和 1615%。由于结构的变化, 它的出血活性和蛋白水解酶活性均被丧失。 结论 金属离子, 特别是锌离子 在维系蛇毒出血蛋白酶分子中的二级结构中起着很重要的作用。