Aportaciones al conocimiento taxonomico de Verbascum blattaria L. y V. virgatum Stok.

Se estudia la variabilidad de los caracteres utilizados tradicionalmente en la taxonomía de los afínes Verbascum blattaria L. y V. virgatum Stokes, sobre la base de materiales procedentes de la Península Ibérica. El estudio comparado de ambas entidades ha comportado la creación de un nuevo taxon: V. virgatum Stokes subsp. dertosense Benedí and Rovira, restringido por ahora a las montañas tarraconenses de los Ports de Beseit (Horta de Sant Joan, Tarragona).

Long-term in vivo regeneration of peripheral nerves through bioengineered nerve grafts.

Although autologous nerve graft is still the first choice strategy in nerve reconstruction, it has the severe disadvantage of the sacrifice of a functional nerve. Cell transplantation in a bioartificial conduit is an alternative strategy to improve nerve regeneration. Nerve fibrin conduits were seeded with various cell types: primary Schwann cells (SC), SC-like differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (dMSC), SC-like differentiated adipose-derived stem cells (dASC). Two further control groups were fibrin conduits without cells and autografts. Conduits were used to bridge a 1 cm rat sciatic nerve gap in a long term experiment (16 weeks). Functional and morphological properties of regenerated nerves were investigated. A reduction in muscle atrophy was observed in the autograft and in all cell-seeded groups, when compared with the empty fibrin conduits. SC showed significant improvement in axon myelination and average fiber diameter of the regenerated nerves. dASC were the most effective cell population in terms of improvement of axonal and fiber diameter, evoked potentials at the level of the gastrocnemius muscle and regeneration of motoneurons, similar to the autografts. Given these results and other advantages of adipose derived stem cells such as ease of harvest and relative abundance, dASC could be a clinically translatable route towards new methods to enhance peripheral nerve repair.

Características produtivas e qualitativas de pastagem de braquiária em monocultivo e consorciada com estilosantes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a massa de forragem e a composição botânica de pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf em monocultivo e consorciada com Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. var. vulgaris cv. Mineirão, em diferentes meses do ano. As amostras obtidas em janeiro e maio foram submetidas a ensaio de degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca. Foram utilizados três piquetes (repetições), cada um dividido em duas parcelas (monocultura e consorciação). Após cada amostragem, o pasto foi submetido a pastejo com vacas secas. A massa de forragem de B. decumbens não variou com o sistema de cultivo; foi menor no mês de outubro (291 kg/ha) e não diferiu entre os demais meses (1.571 kg/ha). A massa de forragem da leguminosa decresceu ao longo do ano e sua porcentagem na pastagem foi maior em outubro/2001 e menor em janeiro/2002. A massa de forragem total na pastagem consorciada (2.158 kg/ha) foi maior que a do monocultivo (1.481 kg/ha). A taxa de degradação e a degradabilidade efetiva média de S. guianensis foram, respectivamente, de 6,8%/h e 61,5%, e de B. decumbens foram de 5,3%/h e 49,2%. A leguminosa contribui no aumento da quantidade e na melhoria da qualidade da forragem disponível na pastagem.

Qu'attendre du futur du diagnostic en allergologie [What to expect from allergy tests?].

Diagnosis in allergology is facing novel challenges because of the availability not only of purified or recombinant allergens, but also of multitests such as allergen micro-arrays. These new diagnostic opportunities contribute to a better understanding of crossreactivities between respiratory and food allergens. In comparison to current diagnosis based on whole allergen extracts, this novel generation of specific IgE tests is expected to provide better information on the risk of reaction to allergens as well as on its severity. However these new technologies are expensive, and will have to be carefully analyzed in terms of medical usefulness and public health costs.

Early-Stage Primary Bone Lymphoma: A Retrospective, Multicenter Rare Cancer Network (RCN) Study.

PURPOSE: Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) represents less than 1% of all malignant lymphomas. In this study, we assessed the disease profile, outcome, and prognostic factors in patients with Stages I and II PBL.¦PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen Rare Cancer Network (RCN) institutions enrolled 116 consecutive patients with PBL treated between 1987 and 2008 in this study. Eighty-seven patients underwent chemoradiotherapy (CXRT) without (78) or with (9) surgery, 15 radiotherapy (RT) without (13) or with (2) surgery, and 14 chemotherapy (CXT) without (9) or with (5) surgery. Median RT dose was 40 Gy (range, 4-60). The median number of CXT cycles was six (range, 2-8). Median follow-up was 41 months (range, 6-242).¦RESULTS: The overall response rate at the end of treatment was 91% (complete response [CR] 74%, partial response [PR] 17%). Local recurrence or progression was observed in 12 (10%) patients and systemic recurrence in 17 (15%). The 5-year overall survival (OS), lymphoma-specific survival (LSS), and local control (LC) were 76%, 78%, and 92%, respectively. In univariate analyses (log-rank test), favorable prognostic factors for OS and LSS were International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≤1 (p = 0.009), high-grade histology (p = 0.04), CXRT (p = 0.05), CXT (p = 0.0004), CR (p < 0.0001), and RT dose >40 Gy (p = 0.005). For LC, only CR and Stage I were favorable factors. In multivariate analysis, IPI score, RT dose, CR, and CXT were independently influencing the outcome (OS and LSS). CR was the only predicting factor for LC.¦CONCLUSION: This large multicenter retrospective study confirms the good prognosis of early-stage PBL treated with combined CXRT. An adequate dose of RT and complete CXT regime were associated with better outcome.

Composição físico-química e potencial para ensilagem do sorgo-de-guiné gigante em seis épocas de semeadura

A ausência de culturas alternativas para o cultivo de outono-inverno é um entrave nos sistemas de produção agrícola, principalmente em regiões de inverno seco. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de forragem, o potencial para ensilagem e a composição química do sorgo-de-guiné gigante (Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor raça guinea), de acordo com a época de semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis épocas de semeadura. Verificou-se antecipação dos estádios de desenvolvimento da planta, à medida que houve atraso na semeadura, em virtude de a espécie apresentar sensibilidade ao fotoperíodo. Semeaduras tardias, apesar de menor produtividade, proporcionaram forragem com características químico-bromatológicas melhores. Diante da boa produção de matéria seca e seu potencial para ensilagem, esse genótipo é uma boa opção a ser utilizada.

Seleção e caracterização de estirpes de Bacillus thuringiensis efetivas no controle da traça-das-crucíferas Plutella xylostella

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar e caracterizar, no Banco de Germoplasma de Bacillus spp., da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, as estirpes de Bacillus thuringiensis mais tóxicas à Plutella xylostella, por métodos morfológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares. Das 203 estirpes testadas, sete causaram 100% de mortalidade e foram semelhantes à estirpe padrão utilizada, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. Elas apresentaram proteínas de 130 kDa e 65 kDa, presença de genes cry1 e cry2 e cristais bipiramidais, cubóides e redondos. As estirpes selecionadas oferecem novas perspectivas de controle de P. xylostella.

Anciens catalogues de la Bibliothèque du Roi et de différentes collections qui sont venues l'accroître aux XVIIe, XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Catalogues de divers fonds orientaux.

« Notices sur quelques manuscrits arabes, par M. Woepke (fol. 1) ; — Notices sur quelques mss. sanscrits, par M. Fauriel (fol. 6) ; — Notices sur quelques mss. sanscrits (fol. 40) ; — Notices sur quelques mss. sanscrits en caractère bengali, par M. Loiseleur Deslongchamps (fol. 58) ; — Notices sur quelques mss. arabes, par M. Hassler (fol. 94) ; — Notices sur quelques mss. arabes, par M. Reinaud (fol. 99) ; — Catalogue des mss. orientaux de l'ancienne maison de la Sorbonne, par M. Reinaud (fol. 126) ; — Catalogue des mss. orientaux de l'ancien couvent de l'Oratoire, par M. Reinaud (fol. 136) ; — Catalogue des mss. orientaux des différentes bibliothèques publiques de Paris (fol. 146) ; — Liste des livres et des mss. orientaux venus d'Alger et adressés à la Bibliothèque royale, le 30 nov. 1832 (fol. 152) ; — Note de quelques mss. orientaux appartenant à M. Wahl (fol. 156) ; — Mss. orientaux provenant de feu M. Schultz (fol. 157 et 159) ; — Mss., papiers et autres objets provenant de feu M. Schultz (fol. 163) ; — Collection Asselin (fol. 165 et 270) ; — Lettres et pièces relatives au fonds Asselin (fol. 263) ; — Mss. arabes, persans, samskrits et hindous tanys, cédés à la Bibliothèque du Roi par M. de Polier (fol. 291 et 293) ; — Évaluation de 47 mss. arabes, persans, maures, bengalis, etc., provenant de feu Ouessant, interprète de la Compagnie de Pondichéry (fol. 295) ; — Mss. arabes, turcs et persans de M. Ducaurroy (fol. 298) ; — Collection des mss. orientaux appartenant à la succession de feu M. le baron Rousseau, consul général à Tripoly de Barbarie (fol. 303) ; — Liste des mss. tamouls cédés à la Bibliothèque du Roi par M. Ducler (fol. 309) ; — Liste des mss. tamouls donnés à la Bibliothèque du Roi par M. Reydelet (fol. 311) ; — Mss, arabes et berbères de M. Delaporte père, 4848 (fol. 314) ; — État sommaire de quelques mss. réputés venir de feu M. Huet,... trouvés dans la maison Kerboeuf (fol. 323) ; — Mss. orientaux distraits du fonds Renaudot (fol. 324) ; — Mss. arabes rapportés d'Égypte par le citoyen Raiye (fol. 325) ; — Cinq volumes arabes mss. offerts à la Bibliothèque royale par S. A. R. Mgr le duc de Nemours (fol. 326) ; — Liste des livres qu'on a envoyés à Mrs de la Compagnie, en tamoul, 14 déc. 1729 (fol. 327) ; — Catalogue des mss. indiens de la Bibliothèque du Roi (fol. 328) ; — « Mémoire concernant l'acquisition des mss. persiens qu'il conviendroit de faire aux Indes pour la Bibliothèque du Roy » (fol. 362) ; — Mémoire de livres à rechercher dans le Levant pour la Bibliothèque du Roy (fol. 366) ; — État des mss. à rechercher à Constantinople pour la Bibliothèque impériale (fol. 384) ; — Catalogue des mss. orientaux appartenant à M. R. Johnson, 1806 (fol. 386) ; — Liste des mss. orientaux de la bibliothèque de sir Thomas Phillipps à Middlehill, 1829 (fol. 396) ; — Indication des mss. arabes les plus importants de la bibliothèque d'Alger (fol. 398) ; — Liste des livres et mss. venus d'Alger (fol. 402) ; — Liste des bibliothèques turques de Constantinople, 1854 (fol. 404) ; — Bibliothèque du sultan Ahmet III, au vieux sérail : catalogue des livres d'histoire, 1854 (fol. 408) ; — Note des mss. orientaux extraits de la bibliothèque de Vienne, que le conservatoire de la Bibliothèque impériale juge entièrement inutiles (fol. 416) ; — Notice par Ascari de l'ancien ms. syriaque 13 (fol. 418) ; — Manuscrits persans historiques de l'Indoustan, et livres en langue samscretam, apportés à la Bibliothèque du Roi en 1778 » (fol. 420).

Techniques for Estimating Flood-Frequency Discharges for Streams in Iowa, HR-395A, 2001

A statewide study was conducted to develop regression equations for estimating flood-frequency discharges for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. Thirty-eight selected basin characteristics were quantified and flood-frequency analyses were computed for 291 streamflow-gaging stations in Iowa and adjacent States. A generalized-skew-coefficient analysis was conducted to determine whether generalized skew coefficients could be improved for Iowa. Station skew coefficients were computed for 239 gaging stations in Iowa and adjacent States, and an isoline map of generalized-skew-coefficient values was developed for Iowa using variogram modeling and kriging methods. The skew map provided the lowest mean square error for the generalized-skew- coefficient analysis and was used to revise generalized skew coefficients for flood-frequency analyses for gaging stations in Iowa. Regional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression and data from 241 gaging stations, was used to develop equations for three hydrologic regions defined for the State. The regression equations can be used to estimate flood discharges that have recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. One-variable equations were developed for each of the three regions and multi-variable equations were developed for two of the regions. Two sets of equations are presented for two of the regions because one-variable equations are considered easy for users to apply and the predictive accuracies of multi-variable equations are greater. Standard error of prediction for the one-variable equations ranges from about 34 to 45 percent and for the multi-variable equations range from about 31 to 42 percent. A region-of-influence regression method was also investigated for estimating flood-frequency discharges for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. A comparison of regional and region-of-influence regression methods, based on ease of application and root mean square errors, determined the regional regression method to be the better estimation method for Iowa. Techniques for estimating flood-frequency discharges for streams in Iowa are presented for determining ( 1) regional regression estimates for ungaged sites on ungaged streams; (2) weighted estimates for gaged sites; and (3) weighted estimates for ungaged sites on gaged streams. The technique for determining regional regression estimates for ungaged sites on ungaged streams requires determining which of four possible examples applies to the location of the stream site and its basin. Illustrations for determining which example applies to an ungaged stream site and for applying both the one-variable and multi-variable regression equations are provided for the estimation techniques.

Erwinia chrysanthemi: pectolytic bacterium causing soft rot outbreaks of arracacha in Brazil

The objetive of this work was to identify the pectolytic bacteria associated with soft rot of arracacha roots in Brazil. From 1998 to 2001, 227 isolates of Erwinia spp. were obtained from arracacha roots and identified by biochemical and physiological tests (pectolytic activity, lecithinase, a-methyl glucoside, phosphatase, erythromycin sensivity, growth at 37ºC). Of these isolates, 89.9% were identified as E. chrysanthemi (Ech), 9.7% as E. carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) and 0.5% as E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica. The identity of seventeen out of twenty representative isolates of Ech and Ecc was confirmed by PCR (primers '149f', 'L1r', 'ADE1', 'ADE2').

Estreptomicetos no controle da meloidoginose em mudas de tomateiro

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de seis isolados de estreptomicetos na mortalidade e eclosão de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de Meloidogyne incognita e no controle da meloidoginose em mudas de tomateiro. Foi montado um bioensaio em placas tipo Elisa, sendo adicionados em cada célula, 200 µL de metabólitos dos isolados, com 20 µL de uma suspensão com 25 juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita. Os metabólitos produzidos por Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus causaram 98,2% de mortalidade dos J2 de M. incognita. Em outro bioensaio, foram adicionados 3 mL dos metabólitos em frascos de vidro, com 100 µL da suspensão contendo 25 ovos de M.incognita. O isolado N0035 de Streptomyces proporcionou 98,8% de inibição na eclosão de J2 de M. incognita. Num terceiro bioensaio, o substrato de produção de mudas foi infestado com suspensão de estreptomicetos e incubado por 30 dias. Quinze dias depois da germinação das sementes do tomateiro, foi realizada a inoculação com 2.000 J2 por planta. Verificou-se a redução de 68% no número de galhas por grama de raiz e de 76,8% na massa de ovos por grama de raiz, nas mudas produzidas no substrato infestado e incubado com Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus, quando comparado com a testemunha.