Coherence between solar activity and the East Asian winter monsoon variability in the past 8000 years from Yangtze River-derived mud in the East China Sea

AMS(14)C dating and grain-size analysis for Core PC-6, located in the middle of a mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS), were used to rebuild the Holocene history of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The 7.5-m core recorded the history of environmental changes during the postglacial transgression. The core's mud section (the upper 450 cm) has been formed mainly by suspended sediment delivered from the Yangtze River mouth by the ECS Winter Coastal Current (ECSWCC) since 7.6 kyr BP. Using a mathematical method called "grain size vs. standard deviatioW', we can divide the Core PC-6's grain-size distribution into two populations at about 28 mu m. The fine population (< 28 mu m) is considered to be transported by the ECSWCC as suspended loads. Content of the fine population changes little and represents a stable sedimentary environment in accord with the present situation. Thus, variation of mean grain-size from the fine population would reflect the strength of ECSWCC, which is mainly controlled by the East Asian winter monsoon. Abrupt increasing mean grain size in the mud section is inferred to be transported by sudden strengthened ECSWCC, which was caused by the strengthened EAWM. Thus, the high resolution mean grain-size variation might serve as a proxy for reconstruction of the EAWM. A good correlation between sunspot change and the mean grain-size of suspended fine population suggests that one of the primary controls on centennial- to decadal-scale changes of the EAWM in the past 8 ka is the variations of sun irradiance, i.e., the EAWM will increase in intensity when the number of sunspots decreases. Spectral analyses of the mean grain-size time series of Core PC-6 show statistically significant periodicities centering on 2463, 1368, 128, 106, 100, 88-91, 7678, and 70-72 years. The EAWM and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) agree with each other well on these cycles, and the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and the Indian Monsoon also share in concurrent cycles in Holocene, which are in accord with the changes of the sun irradiance. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Trimyema koreanum n. sp., a Ciliate from the Hypersaline Water of a Solar Saltern

A new ciliate, Trimyema koreanum n. sp., isolated from hypersaline water (salinity of 293 parts per thousand) from a solar saltern in Korea, was investigated using live observation, protargol impregnation, and gene sequencing. Trimyema koreanum is about 30 x 13 mu m in vivo, has usually 23 longitudinal ciliary rows forming two distinct ciliary girdles visible both in vivo and in protargol impregnation. A third indistinct ciliary girdle as well as a girdle of mucocysts is distinguishable only in impregnated cells. We suggest T. koreanum as a new species, differing from the most similar species, T. marinum, by the presence of two distinct ciliary girdles (T. marinum usually has six ciliary girdles clearly visible in living cells and three anterior spirals that encircle the cell completely). Although the number of known 18S rRNA sequences in the genus Trimyema was limited, the Trimyema group including T. koreanum forms a strong clade. The phylogenetic position confirms that the isolate belongs to the genus Trimyema and is different from previously sequenced species. Trimyema koreanum is able to consume both prokaryotes and small eukaryotes (specifically, the alga Dunaliella sp.).

Coletor solar para desinfestação de substratos para produção de mudas sadias.

Um equipamento, denominado coletor solar, foi desenvolvido para desinfestar substratos utilizados para produção de mudas em viveiros de plantas, com o uso da energia solar. O coletor tem a finalidade de controlar as doenças causadas por microrganismos habitantes do solo em substituição a produtos químicos que contaminam o ambiente e causam riscos aos agricultores. O equipamento consiste, basicamente, de uma caixa de madeira com tubos metálicos e uma cobertura de plástico transparente, que permite a entrada dos raios solares. O solo é colocado nos tubos pela abertura superior e, após o tratamento de um dia de radiação plena, é retirado pela inferior, através do efeito da gravidade, e pode ser imediatamente utilizado. O equipamento, quando comparado com outros sistemas tradicionais de desinfestação (autoclaves, fornos à lenha ou aplicação de brometo de metila) apresenta diversas vantagens: não consome energia elétrica ou lenha, é de fácil manutenção e construção, não apresenta riscos para o operador e tem baixo custo. Além disso, o uso do coletor permite a sobrevivência de microrganismos termotolerantes benéficos que impedem a reinfestação pelo patógeno, o que não ocorre nos tratamentos com brometo de metila e autoclaves que esterilizam o solo, criando um ?vácuo biológico?.

Radiação solar em Sete Lagoas, MG.

2006

Estimativa da radiação solar global diária em Sete Lagoas, MG baseada em dados de insolação.

2008

Multistep Methods for Integrating the Solar System

High order multistep methods, run at constant stepsize, are very effective for integrating the Newtonian solar system for extended periods of time. I have studied the stability and error growth of these methods when applied to harmonic oscillators and two-body systems like the Sun-Jupiter pair. I have also tried to design better multistep integrators than the traditional Stormer and Cowell methods, and I have found a few interesting ones.

Estimativa diária da radiação solar incidente com base no número de horas de brilho solar para a região de Bento Gonçalves, RS.

2006

Estimativa do saldo de radiação no noroeste paulista com base na radiação solar incidente.

2006

A toolkit approach to solar radiation modelling.

Considerable effort is required to implement solar radiation models in software. Many existing implementations have efficiency as their main priority rather than re-usability, and this can adversely affect their further development since the relationships between the software and physical quantities may be obscured. The Solar Toolkit is an attempt to overcome such barriers by exploiting the current abundance of computing resource, and the availability of user-oriented tools such as Microsoft Excel®. The Solar Toolkit takes the form of a set of functions written in Visual Basic for Applications® (VBA) made available under the Academic Free Licence. Transparency is the overriding priority throughout the implementation so that the Toolkit can provide a platform for further modelling initiatives.

Oscillations in the magnetic field of the solar corona in response to flares near the photosphere

Schrijver, C.J. and Brown, D.S., 2000, Oscillations in the magnetic field of the solar corona in response to flares near the photosphere, Astrophysical Journal, 537, L69-L72. Sponsorship: PPARC

Evidence for the Flare Trigger Site and Three-Dimensional Reconnection in Multiwavelength Observations of a Solar Flare

Fletcher, L., Metcalf, T.R., Alexander, D., Brown, D.S. and Ryder, L.A., 2001, Evidence for the flare trigger site and 3D reconnection in multi-wavelength observations of a solar flare, Astrophysical Journal, 554, 451-463.

A Topological Analysis of the Magnetic Breakout Model for an Eruptive Solar Flare

Maclean, R., Beveridge, C., Longcope, D.W., Brown, D.S. and Priest, E.R., 2005, A topological analysis of the magnetic breakout model for an eruptive solar flare, Proc. Roy. Soc., 461, 2099-2120. Sponsorship: PPARC/STFC