Avaliação ecocardiográfica da influência do jejum na resposta a um aumento reversível da pré-carga

Mestrado em Tecnologia de Diagnóstico e Intervenção Cardiovascular - Ramo de especialização: Ultrassonografia Cardiovascular

Legal and political regulation of higher education in Portugal: an evolutionary perspective on the current policy issues and the problem of order

The higher education system in Europe is currently under stress and the debates over its reform and future are gaining momentum. Now that, for most countries, we are in a time for change, in the overall society and the whole education system, the legal and political dimensions have gained prominence, which has not been followed by a more integrative approach of the problem of order, its reform and the issue of regulation, beyond the typical static and classical cost-benefit analyses. The two classical approaches for studying (and for designing the policy measures of) the problem of the reform of the higher education system - the cost-benefit analysis and the legal scholarship description - have to be integrated. This is the argument of our paper that the very integration of economic and legal approaches, what Warren Samuels called the legal-economic nexus, is meaningful and necessary, especially if we want to address the problem of order (as formulated by Joseph Spengler) and the overall regulation of the system. On the one hand, and without neglecting the interest and insights gained from the cost-benefit analysis, or other approaches of value for money assessment, we will focus our study on the legal, social and political aspects of the regulation of the higher education system and its reform in Portugal. On the other hand, the economic and financial problems have to be taken into account, but in a more inclusive way with regard to the indirect and other socio-economic costs not contemplated in traditional or standard assessments of policies for the tertiary education sector. In the first section of the paper, we will discuss the theoretical and conceptual underpinning of our analysis, focusing on the evolutionary approach, the role of critical institutions, the legal-economic nexus and the problem of order. All these elements are related to the institutional tradition, from Veblen and Commons to Spengler and Samuels. The second section states the problem of regulation in the higher education system and the issue of policy formulation for tackling the problem. The current situation is clearly one of crisis with the expansion of the cohorts of young students coming to an end and the recurrent scandals in private institutions. In the last decade, after a protracted period of extension or expansion of the system, i. e., the continuous growth of students, universities and other institutions are competing harder to gain students and have seen their financial situation at risk. It seems that we are entering a period of radical uncertainty, higher competition and a new configuration that is slowly building up is the growth in intensity, which means upgrading the quality of the higher learning and getting more involvement in vocational training and life-long learning. With this change, and along with other deep ones in the Portuguese society and economy, the current regulation has shown signs of maladjustment. The third section consists of our conclusions on the current issue of regulation and policy challenge. First, we underline the importance of an evolutionary approach to a process of change that is essentially dynamic. A special attention will be given to the issues related to an evolutionary construe of policy analysis and formulation. Second, the integration of law and economics, through the notion of legal economic nexus, allows us to better define the issues of regulation and the concrete problems that the universities are facing. One aspect is the instability of the political measures regarding the public administration and on which the higher education system depends financially, legally and institutionally, to say the least. A corollary is the lack of clear strategy in the policy reforms. Third, our research criticizes several studies, such as the one made by the OECD in late 2006 for the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, for being too static and neglecting fundamental aspects of regulation such as the logic of actors, groups and organizations who are major players in the system. Finally, simply changing the legal rules will not necessary per se change the behaviors that the authorities want to change. By this, we mean that it is not only remiss of the policy maker to ignore some of the critical issues of regulation, namely the continuous non-respect by academic management and administrative bodies of universities of the legal rules that were once promulgated. Changing the rules does not change the problem, especially without the necessary debates form the different relevant quarters that make up the higher education system. The issues of social interaction remain as intact. Our treatment of the matter will be organized in the following way. In the first section, the theoretical principles are developed in order to be able to study more adequately the higher education transformation with a modest evolutionary theory and a legal and economic nexus of the interactions of the system and the policy challenges. After describing, in the second section, the recent evolution and current working of the higher education in Portugal, we will analyze the legal framework and the current regulatory practices and problems in light of the theoretical framework adopted. We will end with some conclusions on the current problems of regulation and the policy measures that are discusses in recent years.

Formaldehyde: exposure and genotoxicity assessments and potential health effects

Worldwide formaldehyde is manipulated with diverse usage properties, since industrial purposes to health laboratory objectives, representing the economic importance of this chemical agent. Therefore, many people are exposed to formaldehyde environmentally and/or occupationally. Considering the latter, there was recommended occupational exposure limits based on threshold mechanisms, limit values and indoor guidelines. Formaldehyde is classified by the International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) as carcinogenic to humans (group 1), since a wide range of epidemiological studies in occupational exposure settings have suggested possible links between the concentration and duration of exposure and elevated risks of nasopharyngeal cancer, and others cancers, and more recently, with leukemia. Although there are different classifications, such as U.S. EPA that classified formaldehyde as a B1 compound, probable human carcinogen under the conditions of unusually high or prolonged exposure, on basis of limited evidence in humans but with sufficient evidence in animals. Formaldehyde genotoxicity is well-known, being a direct-acting genotoxic compound positively associated for almost all genetic endpoints evaluated in bacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, insects, nematodes, and cultured mammalian cells. There are many human biomonitoring studies that associate formaldehyde occupational exposure to genomic instability, and consequently possible health effects. Besides the link with cancer, also other pathologies and symptoms are associated with formaldehyde exposure, namely respiratory disorders such as asthma, and allergic contact dermatitis. Nowadays, there are efforts to reduce formaldehyde exposure, namely indoor. Europe and United States developed more strict regulation regarding formaldehyde emissions from materials containing this agent. Despite the regulations and restrictions, formaldehyde still continues to be difficult to eliminate or substitute, being biomonitoring an important tool to control possible future health effects.

A relevância e utilidade das demonstrações financeiras : a perceção dos gestores das PME

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

Ibuprofen-loaded poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ϵ- caprolactone) electrospun fibres for nerve regeneration

The development of scaffolds that combine the delivery of drugs with the physical support provided by electrospun fibres holds great potential in the field of nerve regeneration. Here it is proposed the incorporation of ibuprofen, a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in electrospun fibres of the statistical copolymer poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) [P(TMC-CL)] to serve as a drug delivery system to enhance axonal regeneration in the context of a spinal cord lesion, by limiting the inflammatory response. P(TMC-CL) fibres were electrospun from mixtures of dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethylformamide (DMF). The solvent mixture applied influenced fibre morphology, as well as mean fibre diameter, which decreased as the DMF content in solution increased. Ibuprofen-loaded fibres were prepared from P(TMC-CL) solutions containing 5% ibuprofen (w/w of polymer). Increasing drug content to 10% led to jet instability, resulting in the formation of a less homogeneous fibrous mesh. Under the optimized conditions, drug-loading efficiency was above 80%. Confocal Raman mapping showed no preferential distribution of ibuprofen in P(TMC-CL) fibres. Under physiological conditions ibuprofen was released in 24h. The release process being diffusion-dependent for fibres prepared from DCM solutions, in contrast to fibres prepared from DCM-DMF mixtures where burst release occurred. The biological activity of the drug released was demonstrated using human-derived macrophages. The release of prostaglandin E2 to the cell culture medium was reduced when cells were incubated with ibuprofen-loaded P(TMC-CL) fibres, confirming the biological significance of the drug delivery strategy presented. Overall, this study constitutes an important contribution to the design of a P(TMC-CL)-based nerve conduit with anti-inflammatory properties.

New Shop Floor Control Approaches for Virtual Enterprises

The virtual enterprise paradigm seems a fit response to face market instability and the volatile nature of business opportunities increasing enterprise’s interest in similar forms of networked organisations. The dynamic environment of a virtual enterprise requires that partners in the consortium own reconfigurable shop floors. This paper presents new approaches to shop floor control that meet the requirements of the new industrial paradigms and argues on work re-organization at shop floor level.

Human biomonitoring: biomarkers, susceptibility, and nutrigenetics

The methods of molecular biology applied in epidemiological research lead us to the realm of molecular epidemiology, where there is immense potential for the establishment of associations between cancer and exposure to risk factors in lifestyle, profession, or pollution. Human biomonitoring consists, on the one hand, in research and identification of hazardous environmental conditions and, on the other hand, in the assessment of cancer risk following exposure to such conditions. Since carcinogenesis is a lengthy process, the biomarkers used to recognize biological abnormalities are selected and developed in the realm of molecular epidemiology. Such biomarkers are quantifiable and allow for the recognition of progression from normal to abnormal biological conditions at the molecular level. They can be categorized in biomarkers of exposure, effect, and genetic susceptibility. Genotoxicity biomarkers are a particular subset of effect biomarkers and are used to assess genomic instability caused by environmental or occupational exposure, being considered useful carcinogenesis predictors.

Sistema de detecção e localização de veículos subaquáticos

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores.Área de Especialização de Sistemas Autónomos

A numerical analysis of generalized Boussinesq-type equation using continuos/discontinuous FEM

An improved class of Boussinesq systems of an arbitrary order using a wave surface elevation and velocity potential formulation is derived. Dissipative effects and wave generation due to a time-dependent varying seabed are included. Thus, high-order source functions are considered. For the reduction of the system order and maintenance of some dispersive characteristics of the higher-order models, an extra O(mu 2n+2) term (n ??? N) is included in the velocity potential expansion. We introduce a nonlocal continuous/discontinuous Galerkin FEM with inner penalty terms to calculate the numerical solutions of the improved fourth-order models. The discretization of the spatial variables is made using continuous P2 Lagrange elements. A predictor-corrector scheme with an initialization given by an explicit RungeKutta method is also used for the time-variable integration. Moreover, a CFL-type condition is deduced for the linear problem with a constant bathymetry. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, we considered several test cases. Improved stability is achieved.

Hierarchical wrinkling on elastometric Janus spheres

Hierarchical wrinkling on elastomeric Janus spheres is permanently imprinted by swelling, for different lengths of time, followed by drying the particles in an appropriate solvent. First-order buckling with a spatial periodicity (lambda(11)) of the order of a few microns and hierarchical structures comprising of 2nd order buckling with a spatial periodicity (lambda(12)) of the order of hundreds of nanometers have been obtained. The 2nd order buckling features result from a Grinfeld surface instability due to the diffusion of the solvent and the presence of sol molecules.

Relatório de estágio

Resumo I (Prática Pedagógica) - O Estágio do Ensino Especializado realizado no presente ano lectivo foi elaborado na Academia de Música de Lisboa em três turmas. Vários foram os desafios encontrados no decorrer do ano lectivo, como por exemplo a instabilidade das turmas, a falta do quadro na sala em algumas aulas e a pouca experiência anterior na área de docência. A realização deste estágio permitiu experimentar actividades e estratégias aprendidas nas disciplinas do mestrado e estimulou uma atitude de reflexão regular sobre as escolhas pedagógicas elaboradas e sobre a resposta dos alunos. Também o feedback dos professores da Unidade Curricular de Didáctica do Ensino Especializado foi essencial na consciencialização de aspectos que teriam que ser mudados na minha abordagem do ensino: fazer actividades mais formativas e menos avaliativas, dar mais feedback, não avançar para outro nível enquanto uma tarefa ainda não estiver consolidada, não modificar as instruções tão rapidamente, ter cuidado com a apresentação visual das células rítmicas e pensar em soluções para quando os alunos estão cansados. Foi também importante reflectir sobre os planos de aula realizados ao longo do ano e sobre o que não seria realizado da mesma forma, nomeadamente na introdução de células rítmicas, introdução de funções harmónicas e cadências. Durante este ano foi feito um esforço para melhorar estes aspectos, no entanto ainda não foi possível implementar todas as mudanças. De qualquer modo, esta reflexão é um bom ponto de partida para o planeamento do próximo ano e um exemplo da atitude que deve acompanhar-me durante toda a minha actividade enquanto docente.

Federação Portuguesa de Basquetebol: proposta de comunicação estratégica para o basquetebol em Portugal

Trabalho de projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Gestão Estratégica das Relações Públicas.

L’instabilité dynamique pendant le Toarcien dans le Moyen Atlas (Maroc): mise en évidence de glissements synsédimentaires dans le synclinal de Bou Angar

During the Toarcian, shelves undergo block-faulting with mechanisms of tilting. It results the break up of the Middle Atlas basin in subsident sectors separated by resistant ridges. This device is highlighted by strong variations of facies, more or less extended lacunar zones, reefs aligned on the ridges and of synsedimentary tectonics structures. Within the framework of mapping survey carried out in the south-west of Middle Atlas, a meticulous prospection of Bou Angar synclinal allowed the description of a new outcrop of Toarcian. This one offers good examples of extensional structures and bio-accumulations. These data, supplemented by other witnesses of the dynamic instability in the rest of the Middle Atlas, permit to propose a paleogeographic map of the Middle Atlas basin during the Toarcian.

Simple and stable dynamic traffic engineering for provider scale ethernet

Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Avaliação dos ajustes posturais em indivíduos com instabilidade funcional do tornozelo

Introdução:O Controlo Postural é um processo neural complexo envolvido na organização da estabilidade e orientação da posição do corpo no espaço. A Instabilidade Funcional (IF) do tornozelo é descrita como uma perceção subjetiva de instabilidade articular, que afeta o controlo postural. Apesar de vários estudos terem investigado os fatores inerentes à IF ainda existe inconsistência nos resultados da literatura sobre os mecanismos envolvidos nesta. Objetivo (s):avaliar os ajustes posturais envolvidos na resposta a uma perturbação externa realizada de forma previsível e imprevisível em indivíduos com IF. Métodos:Estudo observacional analítico transversal, teve uma amostra de 20 indivíduos, que foram divididos em grupo com IF e grupo de controlo. Foi recolhida atividade eletromiográfica bilateral dos músculos longo e curto peroneal (PL e PC), tibial anterior (TA) e solear (SOL) associado a uma perturbação externa aplicada de forma previsível e imprevisível. Os ajustes posturais foram avaliados através da análise do início da atividade muscular, da magnitude global dos ajustes posturais compensatórios e antecipatórios e magnitude das respostas de curta e média latência Resultados: Na perturbação imprevisível não se verificaram diferenças significativas no início da atividade muscular (p>0,05). Enquanto na magnitude das respostas de curta e média latência verificou-se diferenças nos músculos TA (Ia,p=0,000; II, p=0,011), CP (Ia,p=0,029; II, p=0,001) e LP (Ia, p=0,030) entre o membro com IF e o controlo e no LP (II, p=0,011) entre o membro sem IF do grupo com IF e o controlo. Na perturbação previsível observaram-se diferenças nos ajustes posturais antecipatórios (APA) dos músculos TA (p=0,006) e LP (p=0,020) entre o membro sem IF do grupo com IF e o controlo. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com IF apresentam défices na magnitude das respostas de média e curta latência numa perturbação imprevisível e nos APA na perturbação previsível.