Capacidades institucionales y gestión local del riesgo de desastres: el caso de la ciudad de Córdoba.

La Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres es una una temática actual en nuestra sociedad y en el mundo moderno, y que en la Ciudad de Córdoba tiene una incumbencia particular debido a la importancia del nivel local de gobierno en este temática. A través de la presente investigación se procura realizar un diagnóstico de las capacidades institucionales del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Córdoba para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres, pensado como un espacio de interacción entre la investigación académica, y las prácticas políticas y ciudadanas en torno a los temas de gestión de riesgo desde la perspectiva de la seguridad humana. A partir de ello se intentará identificar: 1. las políticas públicas que orienten hacia la gestión del riesgo de desastres a nivel local (todos aquellos planes, programas y proyectos). 2. la preparación y administración de las emergencias y de los riesgos de desastres de la Ciudad de Córdoba (latentes y manifiestos). Este diagnóstico tiene como fin evaluar críticamente los tópicos antes mencionados con vistas a futuras recomendaciones y/o asesoramiento al Gobierno de la Ciudad de Córdoba para la implementación de políticas públicas. Asimismo, el grupo busca funcionar como un ámbito propicio para la generación de conocimiento y de pensamiento crítico acerca de la cultura del riesgo en la sociedad cordobesa.

Meta-requisitos, instituciones y prácticas de la democracia local.

n el desarrollo contemporáneo de propuestas normativas de democracia es posible identificar una recuperación de la dimensión territorial de los procesos sociopolíticos, un redescubrimiento de lo local dado por el interés de explicar y proponer soluciones a los nuevos desafíos que la inequidad, las crisis del régimen de acumulación y las crisis en los modos de coordinación social presentan a las sociedades contemporáneas. En este contexto lo local no sólo adquiere un nuevo protagonismo en relación a las preocupaciones concernientes al desarrollo sostenible, sino también como ámbito que por cuestiones de “proximidad” constituye el espacio “natural” para la realización de la democracia. La relación estado y sociedad, las posibilidades de hacer efectiva la participación y de generar condiciones que hacen factible el control del poder político por parte de los ciudadanos parecieran encontrar en lo local mejores condiciones de realización. Sin embargo y a pesar de los avances descriptos, son escasos los intentos por profundizar la especificidad de la democracia local que aborden y articulen reflexiones teórico-conceptuales que permitan identificar principios normativos básicos contrastables empíricamente con las instituciones y prácticas locales concretas. Las bondades de la democracia local son por lo general dadas por sentadas, sin problematizar sus particularidades, su relación con una teoría general de la democracia, su relación con el territorio a diferentes escalas y sus manifestaciones en instituciones y prácticas de los actores sociales. Desde el proyecto se sostiene que a partir de la reconstrucción y problematización de los orígenes filosóficos conceptuales que sustentan la Teoría de la Democracia Local es posible identificar un marco teórico normativo que le es específico y que posibilita el reconocimiento de los meta-requisitos necesarios tanto para su realización como para su contribución al fortalecimiento del régimen democrático en general. El establecimiento de estos requisitos permitirá construir matrices analíticas para el estudio empírico de los diseños y prácticas institucionales, como así también los procesos de constitución, reproducción y contestación de tales arreglos y prácticas por parte de los actores sociales. El proyecto se propone diseñar matrices analíticas que permitan articular distintos niveles y dimensiones de análisis de la Democracia Local que sean aplicables al estudio de casos de ciudades de porte medio de América Latina.

Distância do domicílio ao local de exercício físico não influenciou a aderência de 796 participantes

FUNDAMENTO: Uma das dificuldades para a manutenção da aderência de longo prazo a exercícios é a distância entre domicílio e local de exercício. OBJETIVO: Determinar, para um programa de exercício físico supervisionado (PES) privado, a influência da distância domicílio-PES sobre a aderência. MÉTODOS: Foram identificados 976 sujeitos e selecionados 796 que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. A distância domicílio-PES foi obtida pelo Google Maps. A aderência foi determinada em quartis (meses): de 1 a 4, 5 a 12, 13 a 36 e mais de 36. As condições clínicas foram estratificadas como: saudáveis; obesos e/ou hipertensos e/ou dislipidêmicos e/ou diabéticos sem doença coronariana; coronariopatas e outros agravos como câncer, pânico e doenças respiratórias. A distância domicílio-PES foi dividida em (km): até 1, entre 1 e 3, entre 3 e 10, e mais de 10. Para a análise estatística, utilizaram-se a ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis e o quiquadrado. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes, 46% residiam até 3 km, 39% entre 3 e 10 km e cerca de 15% moravam a mais de 10 km do local de realização do PES. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as medianas dos meses de permanência no PES em função da distância domicílio-PES (p = 0,11). CONCLUSÃO: Para um determinado PES privado da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e funcionando de segunda a sábado com livre escolha de horário, a distância domicílio-PES não influenciou na aderência dos participantes. Isso provavelmente se deveu à qualidade do serviço prestado e/ou a ausência de opções mais próximas do local de domicílio dos participantes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Experimental study of local heat transfer during quenching of metals by spray and multiple jets

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2011

Investigation of Copy Number Variation in Children with Conotruncal Heart Defects

Background:Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most prevalent group of structural abnormalities at birth and one of the main causes of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown a contribution of the copy number variation in the genesis of cardiac malformations.Objectives:Investigate gene copy number variation (CNV) in children with conotruncal heart defect.Methods:Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed in 39 patients with conotruncal heart defect. Clinical and laboratory assessments were conducted in all patients. The parents of the probands who presented abnormal findings were also investigated.Results:Gene copy number variation was detected in 7/39 patients: 22q11.2 deletion, 22q11.2 duplication, 15q11.2 duplication, 20p12.2 duplication, 19p deletion, 15q and 8p23.2 duplication with 10p12.31 duplication. The clinical characteristics were consistent with those reported in the literature associated with the encountered microdeletion/microduplication. None of these changes was inherited from the parents.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that the technique of MLPA is useful in the investigation of microdeletions and microduplications in conotruncal congenital heart defects. Early diagnosis of the copy number variation in patients with congenital heart defect assists in the prevention of morbidity and decreased mortality in these patients.

Blood Pressure Variation Throughout Pregnancy According to Early Gestational BMI: A Brazilian Cohort

Background: The maternal cardiovascular system undergoes progressive adaptations throughout pregnancy, causing blood pressure fluctuations. However, no consensus has been established on its normal variation in uncomplicated pregnancies. Objective: To describe the variation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels during pregnancy according to early pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Methods: SBP and DBP were measured during the first, second and third trimesters and at 30-45 days postpartum in a prospective cohort of 189 women aged 20-40 years. BMI (kg/m2) was measured up to the 13th gestational week and classified as normal-weight (<25.0) or excessive weight (≥25.0). Longitudinal linear mixed-effects models were used for statistical analysis. Results: A decrease in SBP and DBP was observed from the first to the second trimester (βSBP=-0.394; 95%CI: -0.600- -0.188 and βDBP=-0.617; 95%CI: -0.780- -0.454), as was an increase in SBP and DBP up to 30-45 postpartum days (βSBP=0.010; 95%CI: 0.006-0.014 and βDBP=0.015; 95%CI: 0.012-0.018). Women with excessive weight at early pregnancy showed higher mean SBP in all gestational trimesters, and higher mean DBP in the first and third trimesters. Excessive early pregnancy BMI was positively associated with prospective changes in SBP (βSBP=7.055; 95%CI: 4.499-9.610) and in DBP (βDBP=3.201; 95%CI: 1.136-5.266). Conclusion: SBP and DBP decreased from the first to the second trimester and then increased up to the postpartum period. Women with excessive early pregnancy BMI had higher SBP and DBP than their normal-weight counterparts throughout pregnancy, but not in the postpartum period.

Evolution of Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality in the Counties of the State of Rio de Janeiro from 1979 to 2010

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in Brazil. Objective: To estimate total CVD, cerebrovascular disease (CBVD), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates in adults in the counties of the state of Rio de Janeiro (SRJ), from 1979 to 2010. Methods: The counties of the SRJ were analysed according to their denominations stablished by the geopolitical structure of 1950, Each new county that have since been created, splitting from their original county, was grouped according to their former origin. Population Data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and data on deaths were obtained from DataSus/MS. Mean CVD, CBVD, and IHD mortality rates were estimated, compensated for deaths from ill-defined causes, and adjusted for age and sex using the direct method for three periods: 1979–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2010, Such results were spatially represented in maps. Tables were also constructed showing the mortality rates for each disease and year period. Results: There was a significant reduction in mortality rates across the three disease groups over the the three defined periods in all the county clusters analysed, Despite an initial mortality rate variation among the counties, it was observed a homogenization of such rates at the final period (2000–2010). The drop in CBVD mortality was greater than that in IHD mortality. Conclusion: Mortality due to CVD has steadily decreased in the SRJ in the last three decades. This reduction cannot be explained by greater access to high technology procedures or better control of cardiovascular risk factors as these facts have not occurred or happened in low proportion of cases with the exception of smoking which has decreased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to seek explanations for this decrease, which may be related to improvements in the socioeconomic conditions of the population.

The variation of animals and plants under domestication / By Charles Darwin.

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The variation of animals and plants under domestication / By Charles Darwin.

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Lexico-grammatical variation in the use of REQUEST strategies in Indian and British "letters to the editor" : a cross-cultural pragmatic study

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Geistes-, Sozial- und Erziehungswiss., Diss., 2009