Beyond the Veil: A Case Study of Context, Culture, Curriculum, and Constructivism at Dubai Women's College

This case study of curriculum at Dubai Women's College (DWC) examines perceptions of international educators who designed and implemented curriculum for female Emirati higher-educational students in the UAE, and sheds light on the complex social, cultural, and religious factors affecting educational practice. Participants were faculty and supervisors, mainly foreign nationals, while students at DWC are exclusively Emirati. Theories prominent in this study are: constructivist learning theory, trans formative curriculum theory, and sociological theory. Change and empowerment theory figure prominently in this study. Findings reveal this unique group of educators understand curriculum theory as a "contextualized" construct and argue that theory and practice must be viewed through an international lens of religious, cultural, and social contexts. As well, the study explores how mandated "standards" in education-in the form of the International English Language Testing System (IEL TS) and integrated, constructivist curriculum, as taught in the Higher Diploma Year 1 program-function as dual curricular emphases in this context. The study found that tensions among these dual emphases existed and were mediated through specific strategies, including the use of authentic texts to mirror the IEL TS examination during in-class activities, and the relevance of curricular tasks.

Identity Formation and Negotiation of Afghan Female Youth in Ontario

The following thesis provides an empirical case study in which a group of 6 first generation female Afghan Canadian youth is studied to determine their identity negotiation and development processes in everyday experiences. This process is investigated across different contexts of home, school, and the community. In terms of schooling experiences, 2 participants each are selected representing public, Islamic, and Catholic schools in Southern Ontario. This study employs feminist research methods and is analyzed through a convergence of critical race theory (critical race feminism), youth development theory, and feminist theory. Participant experiences reveal issues of racism, discrimination, and bias within schooling (public, Catholic) systems. Within these contexts, participants suppress their identities or are exposed to negative experiences based on their ethnic or religious identification. Students in Islamic schools experience support for a more positive ethnic and religious identity. Home and community provided nurturing contexts where participants are able to reaffirm and develop a positive overall identity.

'To do justice and judgement' : the place of passion in public life

Please consult the paper edition of this thesis to read. It is available on the 5th Floor of the Library at Call Number: Z 9999 P65 F47 2003

Gender and Genre in 21st Century Visions of Sherlock Holmes

Sherlock Holmes has been one of the most-adapted characters in literature since his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887. Each new adaptation must offer innovations that bring freshness and contemporary appeal to time-worn stories and concepts or risk irrelevancy; analyzing these changes closely sheds light on shifts in societal constructs. Taking this as a starting point, this thesis examines Sherlock and Elementary from a perspective of feminism and queer theory via methods of discourse and genre analyses, with texts ranging from 1931 to the present as objects of comparison. The research illuminates constructions of masculinity as they have changed over time, particularly the movement from an orderly, stable, rational construction of hegemonic masculinity to one that is chaotic, often violent, and anti-heroic in at least some aspects while still being invested in the status quo.

Postsecondary Teaching and Learning Development Needs: Motivators and Barriers Associated With Participation in Educational Development

This study investigated instructor perceptions of motivators and barriers that exist with respect to participation in educational development in the postsecondary context. Eight instructors from a mid-size, research intensive university in south-western Ontario participated in semistructured interviews to explore this particular issue. Data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. Motivation theory was used as a conceptual framework in this study, referring primarily to the work of Ryan and Deci (2000), Deci and Ryan (1985), and Pink (2009). The identified motivators and barriers spanned all 3 levels of postsecondary institutions: the micro (i.e., the individual), the meso (i.e., the department or Faculty), and the macro (i.e., the institution). Significant motivators to participation in educational development included desire to improve one’s teaching (micro), feedback from students (meso), and tenure and promotion (macro). Significant barriers to participation included lack of time (micro), the perception that an investment towards one’s research was more important than an investment to enhancing teaching (meso), and the impression that quality teaching was not valued by the institution (macro). The study identifies connections between the micro, meso, macro framework and motivation theory, and offers recommendations for practice.

Players and Avatars: The Connections between Player Personality, Avatar Personality, and Behavior in Video Games

The increasing variety and complexity of video games allows players to choose how to behave and represent themselves within these virtual environments. The focus of this dissertation was to examine the connections between the personality traits (specifically, HEXACO traits and psychopathic traits) of video game players and player-created and controlled game-characters (i.e., avatars), and the link between traits and behavior in video games. In Study 1 (n = 198), the connections between player personality traits and behavior in a Massively Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Game (World of Warcraft) were examined. Six behavior components were found (i.e., Player-versus-Player, Social Player-versus-Environment, Working, Helping, Immersion, and Core Content), and each was related to relevant personality traits. For example, Player-versus-Player behaviors were negatively related to Honesty-Humility and positively related to psychopathic traits, and Immersion behaviors (i.e., exploring, role-playing) were positively related to Openness to Experience. In Study 2 (n = 219), the connections between player personality traits and in-game behavior in video games were examined in university students. Four behavior components were found (i.e., Aggressing, Winning, Creating, and Helping), and each was related to at least one personality trait. For example, Aggressing was negatively related to Honesty-Humility and positively related to psychopathic traits. In Study 3 (n = 90), the connections between player personality traits and avatar personality traits were examined in World of Warcraft. Positive player-avatar correlations were observed for all personality traits except Extraversion. Significant mean differences between players and avatars were observed for all traits except Conscientiousness; avatars had higher mean scores on Extraversion and psychopathic traits, but lower mean scores on the remaining traits. In Study 4, the connections between player personality traits, avatar traits, and observed behaviors in a life-simulation video game (The Sims 3) were examined in university students (n = 93). Participants created two avatars and used these avatars to play The Sims 3. Results showed that the selection of certain avatar traits was related to relevant player personality traits (e.g., participants who chose the Friendly avatar trait were higher in Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, and Agreeableness, and lower in psychopathic traits). Selection of certain character-interaction behaviors was related to relevant player personality traits (e.g., participants with higher levels of psychopathic traits used more Mean and fewer Friendly interactions). Together, the results of the four studies suggest that individuals generally behave and represent themselves in video games in ways that are consistent with their real-world tendencies.

Sustaining Health Care Practice Change: The Experience of Best Practice Spotlight Organizations Implementing and Sustaining RNAO Best Practice Guidelines

Sustainability of change for improvement initiatives has been widely reported as a global challenge both within and outside health care settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which factors related to staff training and involvement, staff behaviour, and clinical leaders’ and senior leaders’ engagement and support impact the long term sustainability of practice changes for BPSO health care organizations who have implemented Registered Nursing Association of Ontario’s (RNAO) Best Practice Guidelines. Semi structured interviews with eleven organizational leaders’ from ten health care organizations were conducted to explore the unique experiences, views and perspectives on factors related to staff, clinical leaders and senior leaders and their involvement and impact on the long term sustainability of clinical practice changes within organizations who had implemented Registered Nursing Association of Ontario’s (RNAO) Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs). The interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Further analysis identified patterns and themes in relation to: 1. The National Health Service (NHS) Sustainability Model which was used as the theoretical framework for this research; and 2. Organizations found to have sustained practice changes longer term verses organizations that did not. Six organizations were found to have sustained practice changes while the remaining four were found to have been unsuccessful in their efforts to sustain the changes. Five major findings in relation to sustainability emerged from this study. First is the importance of early and sustained engagement and frontline staff, managers, and clinical leaders in planning, implementation and ongoing development of BPGs through use of working groups and champions models. Second is the importance of ongoing provision of formal training, tools and resources to all key stakeholders during and after the implementation phase and efforts made to embed changes in current processes whenever possible to ensure sustainability. Third is to ensure staff and management are receptive to the proposed change(s) and/or have been given the necessary background information and rationale so they understand and can support the need for the change. Fourth is the need for early and sustained fiscal and human resources dedicated to supporting BPG implementation and the ongoing use of the BPGs already in place. Fifth is ensuring clinical leaders are trusted, influential, respected and seen as clinical resources by frontline staff. The significance of this study lies in a greater understanding of the influence and impact of factors related to staff on the long term sustainability of implemented practice changes within health care organizations. This study has implications for clinical practice, policy, education and research in relation to sustainability in health care.

Major Sport Event Operational Planning Issues and Strategies: A Multi-Case Delphi Study

This study examined the operational planning, implementation and execution issues of major sport events, as well as the mitigation and management strategies used to address these issues, with the aim of determining best practices in sport event operational planning. The three Research Questions were: 1) What can previous major sport events provide to guide the operational management of future events? 2) What are the operational issues that arise in the planning and execution of a major sport event, how are they mitigated and what are the strategies used to deal with these issues? 3) What are the best practices for sport event operational planning and how can these practices aid future events? Data collection involved a modified Delphi technique that consisted of one round of in-depth interviews followed by two rounds of questionnaires. Both data collection and analysis were guided by an adaptation of the work of Parent, Rouillard & Leopkey (2011) with a focus on previously established issue and strategy categories. The results provided a list of Top 26 Prominent Issues and Top 17 Prominent Strategies with additional issue-strategy links that can be used to aid event managers producing future major sport events. The following issue categories emerged as having had the highest impact on previous major sport events that participants had managed: timing, funding and knowledge management. In addition, participants used strategies from the following categories most frequently: other, formalized agreements and communication.

Investigating Formative Assessment: Exploring the Impact on the Self-Efficacy and Motivation of Mathematics Students

This is a study of the implementation and impact of formative assessment strategies on the motivation and self-efficacy of secondary school mathematics students. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was implemented where quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed sequentially in 2 different phases. The first phase involved quantitative data from student questionnaires and the second phase involved qualitative data from individual student and teacher interviews. The findings of the study suggest that formative assessment is implemented in practice in diverse ways and is a process where the strategies are interconnected. Teachers experience difficulty in incorporating peer and self-assessment and perceive a need for exemplars. Key factors described as influencing implementation include teaching philosophies, interpretation of ministry documents, teachers’ experiences, leadership in administration and department, teacher collaboration, misconceptions of teachers, and student understanding of formative assessment. Findings suggest that overall, formative assessment positively impacts student motivation and self-efficacy, because feedback is provided which offers encouragement and recognition by highlighting the progress that has been made and what steps need to be taken to improve. However, students are impacted differently with some considerations including how students perceive mistakes and if they fear judgement. Additionally, the impact of formative assessment is influenced by the connection between self-efficacy and motivation, namely how well a student is doing is a source of both concepts.

Responsibility and Cross-Subsidization in Cost Sharing

We propose two axiomatic theories of cost sharing with the common premise that agents demand comparable -though perhaps different- commodities and are responsible for their own demand. Under partial responsibility the agents are not responsible for the asymmetries of the cost function: two agents consuming the same amount of output always pay the same price; this holds true under full responsibility only if the cost function is symmetric in all individual demands. If the cost function is additively separable, each agent pays her stand alone cost under full responsibility; this holds true under partial responsibility only if, in addition, the cost function is symmetric. By generalizing Moulin and Shenker’s (1999) Distributivity axiom to cost-sharing methods for heterogeneous goods, we identify in each of our two theories a different serial method. The subsidy-free serial method (Moulin, 1995) is essentially the only distributive method meeting Ranking and Dummy. The cross-subsidizing serial method (Sprumont, 1998) is the only distributive method satisfying Separability and Strong Ranking. Finally, we propose an alternative characterization of the latter method based on a strengthening of Distributivity.

The right to health, the TRIPS agreement and the public health safeguards to encourage the universal access to essential medicines

The privileges arising from patent protection on pharmaceutical products often prevent the full realization of the right to health, especially in developing countries with scarce resources. This thesis first identifies the international agreements that have established the right to health in international law, obligations and violations associated with it, the problems encountered in the implementation of human rights on the field, compared with the implementation and sanctions associated with economic rights from the World Trade Organization regulatory framework. A comparative study of the legislative frameworks of both developed and developing countries will reveal to what extent Canada, the United States, the European Union, Brazil, India, and South Africa conformed with patent protection exceptions arising from international patent law to protect public health. Finally, the author identifies the crucial indicators that need to be considered in order to assess the conformity of a given approach with the right to health, before he underscores the temporary character of the relevant WTO measures, and the future stakes concerning an increased access to essential medicines.

Les théories de la complexité et la systémique en gouvernance clinique: le cas des soins intensifs chirurgicaux

Deux thématiques importantes des technologies de la santé: la pratique médicale fondée sur des preuves probantes et l’évaluation des interventions en médecine sont fondées sur une approche positiviste et une conception mécaniste des organisations en santé. Dans ce mémoire, nous soulevons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les théories de la complexité et la systémique permettent une conceptualisation différente de ces deux aspects de la gouvernance clinique d’une unité de Soins Intensifs Chirurgicaux (SIC), qui est considérée comme un système adaptatif dynamique non linéaire qui nécessite une approche systémique de la cognition. L’étude de cas d’une unité de SIC, permet de démontrer par de nombreux exemples et des analyses de micro-situations, toutes les caractéristiques de la complexité des patients critiques et instables et de la structure organisationnelle des SIC. Après une critique épistémologique de l’Evidence-Based Medicine nous proposons une pratique fondée sur des raisonnements cliniques alliant l’abduction, l’herméneutique et la systémique aux SIC. En nous inspirant des travaux de Karl Weick, nous suggérons aussi de repenser l’évaluation des modes d’interventions cliniques en s’inspirant de la notion d’organisation de haute fiabilité pour mettre en place les conditions nécessaires à l’amélioration des pratiques aux SIC.

Recherche qualitative des enjeux de la mise en lumière urbaine : création d’un modèle opératoire pour la conception des projets d’éclairage

Cette étude traite de la complexité des enjeux de la mise en lumière urbaine et de sa conception. Le but est de déceler les mécanismes opératoires du projet d’éclairage afin de générer une analyse et une compréhension de ce type d’aménagement. Cette recherche met à jour les enjeux lumineux à différents niveaux comme l’urbanisme, l’environnement, la culture, la communication, la vision et la perception mais aussi au niveau des acteurs et de leurs pratiques sur le terrain. En utilisant une approche qualitative déductive, cette recherche théorique cherche à mieux comprendre les différentes significations du phénomène lumineux : comment dans la réalité terrain ces enjeux de la lumière sont compris, interprétés et traduits au travers de la réalisation des projets et des processus mis en place pour répondre aux besoins d’éclairage ? La pertinence de cette recherche est de questionner les enjeux complexes de la mise en lumière afin de savoir comment concevoir un « bon éclairage ». Comment se déroule un projet d’éclairage de sa conception à sa réalisation ? Quels sont les différents acteurs, leurs modes d’intervention et leurs perceptions du projet d’éclairage ? Le but est de vérifier comment ces enjeux se concrétisent sur le terrain, notamment au travers de l’activité et de l’interprétation des professionnels. Nous souhaitons créer un modèle opératoire qui rende compte des enjeux et du processus de ce type de projet. Modèle qui servira alors de repère pour la compréhension des mécanismes à l’œuvre comme le contexte, les acteurs, les moyens et les finalités des projets. Une étude des recherches théoriques nous permettra de comprendre la polysémie du phénomène lumineux afin d’en déceler la complexité des enjeux et de créer une première interprétation de ce type de projet. Nous déterminerons théoriquement ce que recouvre la notion de « bon éclairage » qui nous permettra de créer une grille analytique pour comparer notre approche avec la réalité sur le terrain. Ces recherches seront ensuite confrontées au recueil des données des études de cas, des stages en urbanisme et en conception lumière, et des interviews de professionnels dans le domaine. Nous confronterons les enjeux définis théoriquement aux collectes de données issues du terrain. Ces données seront collectées à partir de projets réalisés avec les professionnels durant la recherche immersive. La recherche-action nous permettra de collaborer avec les professionnels pour comprendre comment ils sélectionnent, déterminent et répondent aux enjeux des projets d’éclairage. Nous verrons grâce aux entretiens semi-dirigés comment les acteurs perçoivent leurs propres activités et nous interprèterons les données à l’aide de la « théorisation ancrée » pour dégager le sens de leurs discours. Nous analyserons alors les résultats de ces données de manière interprétative afin de déterminer les points convergeant et divergent entre les enjeux théoriques définis en amont et les enjeux définis en aval par la recherche-terrain. Cette comparaison nous permettra de créer une interprétation des enjeux de la mise en lumière urbaine dans toutes leurs complexités, à la fois du point de vue théorique et pratique. Cette recherche qualitative et complexe s’appuie sur une combinaison entre une étude phénoménologique et les méthodologies proposées par la « théorisation ancrée ». Nous procéderons à une combinaison de données issues de la pratique terrain et de la perception de cette pratique par les acteurs de l’éclairage. La recherche d’un « bon éclairage » envisage donc par une nouvelle compréhension l’amélioration des outils de réflexion et des actions des professionnels. En termes de résultat nous souhaitons créer un modèle opératoire de la mise en lumière qui définirait quels sont les différents éléments constitutifs de ces projets, leurs rôles et les relations qu’ils entretiennent entre eux. Modèle qui mettra en relief les éléments qui déterminent la qualité du projet d’éclairage et qui permettra de fournir un outil de compréhension. La contribution de ce travail de recherche est alors de fournir par cette nouvelle compréhension un repère méthodologique et analytique aux professionnels de l’éclairage mais aussi de faire émerger l’importance du phénomène de mise en lumière en suscitant de nouveaux questionnements auprès des activités liées au design industriel, à l’architecture et à l’urbanisme.

Quand le problème est de définir le problème : les compétences mobilisées par les acteurs de la problématisation des projets de stage de coopération internationale

Cette étude a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une maîtrise en Aménagement. Elle s’efforce à démontrer que l’étape d’un projet que l’on appelle problématisation, c’est-à-dire l’étape de construction des problèmes à être résolus, permet de s’assurer que les actions entreprises soient en cohérence et en pertinence avec le contexte du projet. Nous constatons désormais que nous ne pouvons plus nous contenter d’évaluer les projets sur la seule base de son efficience, c’est-à-dire la concordance de ses résultats avec les objectifs prévus. Dans ces circonstances, nous émettons l’hypothèse que la problématisation fait appel à des compétences particulières et généralement peu utilisées par rapport à d’autres étapes de la réalisation d’un projet. À cet égard, nous avons réalisé un travail de recherche exploratoire sur ce thème en ayant comme objectif d’obtenir une compréhension des compétences mobilisées lors de la problématisation en situation de projet en général et d’identifier plus spécifiquement ces compétences dans une situation de projet en particulier, celle des projets de coopération internationale. Pour y arriver, nous avons procédé à la construction d’un référentiel d’emploi et d’activités pour en déduire un référentiel de compétences de la problématisation. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une étude de cas sur les projets de stage de coopération internationale. L’utilisation de la technique de l’« instruction au sosie » et d’une rechercheintervention nous ont permis de dégager les principaux résultats suivant: la problématisation fait appel à des compétences particulières de gestion de l’information et de médiation. Les compétences générales de problématisation que les responsables des stages dans les organisations de coopération internationale v doivent maîtriser sont : être capable de générer les disponibilités de projets à partir de données primaires et secondaires; être capable de faire des choix et de justifier ces choix en fonction de l’analyse des données; être capable de présenter des informations écrites claires, respectueuses des idées des partenaires en fonction du langage de projet utilisé par le public auquel s’adresse la proposition; être capable d’utiliser les commentaires des évaluateurs pour améliorer un projet et être capable de mener à terme un projet. La contribution principale de ce travail de recherche réside dans la proposition d’un outil précieux pour le recrutement et la sélection, l’évaluation du rendement, la formation et le perfectionnement des acteurs de la problématisation.