Addressing the immediate needs of the Greek banks. CEPS Commentary, 31 July 2015

Based on a detailed calculation of the recapitalisation requirements of the Greek banks, we find that the sector needs an infusion of capital, but that the level largely depends on the stringency of the capital requirements applied. An expedient quick fix to comply with the minimum capital requirements could be achieved by a bail-in of existing creditors under the EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive of around €5 billion, leaving only €6 billion needed for re-capitalisation. If the ‘Cypriot’ standard is applied, however, the required re-capitalisation would be €15 billion. A ‘generous’ approach, which takes into account the phasing in of the new more-stringent capital requirements until 2018, would imply a re-capitalisation of €29 billion (or more bailing-in of creditors). The re-capitalisation should be undertaken preferably by the EIB, the EBRD or the new Greek investment fund, rather than via loans from the ESM to the Greek government.

Type A aortic dissection model to improve endovascular research and technologies.

OBJECTIVE Type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening disease requiring immediate surgical treatment. With emerging catheter-based technologies, endovascular stent-graft implantation to treat aneurysms and dissections has become a standardized procedure. However, endovascular treatment of the ascending aorta remains challenging. Thus we designed an ascending aortic dissection model to allow simulation of endovascular treatment. METHODS Five formalin-fixed human aortas were prepared. The ascending aorta was opened semicircularly in the middle portion and the medial layer was separated from the intima. The intimal tube was readapted using running monofilament sutures. The preparations were assessed by 128-slice computed tomography. A bare-metal stent was implanted for thoracic endovascular aortic repair in 4 of the aortic dissection models. RESULTS Separation of the intimal and medial layer of the aorta was considered to be sufficient because computed tomography showed a clear image of the dissection membrane in each aorta. The dissection was located 3.9 ± 1.4 cm proximally from the aortic annulus, with a length of 4.6 ± 0.9 cm. Before stent implantation, the mean distance from the intimal flap to the aortic wall was measured as 0.63 ± 0.163 cm in the ascending aorta. After stent implantation, this distance decreased to 0.26 ± 0.12 cm. CONCLUSION This model of aortic dissection of the ascending human aorta was reproducible with a comparable pathological and morphological appearance. The technique and model can be used to evaluate new stent-graft technologies to treat type A dissection and facilitate training for surgeons.

Does immediate loading affect clinical and patient-centered outcomes of mandibular 2-unsplinted-implant overdenture? : a 2-year within-case analysis

Objective To provide 2-year clinical- and patient-oriented data with regard to mandibular overdenture assisted by 2 immediately loaded unsplinted implants. Material and methods In this pre-post design, Phase-I clinical trial, 18 edentate individuals (62.4 ± 7.7 years) received a new set of complete denture. Then, following standard procedures, 3 threaded implants (OsseoSpeed TX™, Dentsply Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) were placed in the mandible in each patient, and locator abutments (Zest Anchors LLC, Escondido, U.S.A.) were inserted on the right and left side implants. The midline implant served as a control for within-patient comparison. The immediate loading was conducted within 24 h of surgery. Data were collected at baseline (T0), 12 (T1) and 24 (T2) months after immediate loading. The clinical outcomes included implant survival rate, crestal bone level changes and implant stability. These criteria were assessed through clinical and radiographic examinations as well as resonance frequency analysis. Patient-centered outcomes included patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life measured using validated questionnaires. Brunner-Langer approach was used for statistical analysis. Results Implant survival rate for immediate loaded implants was 91.7% at 2-year follow-up. None of the unloaded implants failed. There was no statistically significant difference at baseline and follow-ups with regard to clinical outcomes between loaded and unloaded implants. Patient satisfaction and quality of life improved (p < 0.0001) from baseline to 2-year follow-up. Conclusion Immediate loading protocol did not negatively affect clinical outcomes, satisfaction and quality of life of patients wearing 2-unsplinted-implant mandibular overdenture for 2 years. This conclusion requires confirmation by randomized control trials. Clinical significance statement Mandibular overdenture assisted by two immediately-loaded unsplinted implants is successful treatment based on 2-year clinical and patient-based outcomes.

The immediate jewel of his soul : a romance /

Mode of access: Internet.

Defense highway act of 1941. Hearing before the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, United States Senate, Seventy-seventh Congress, first session, on S. 1580, a bill to supplement the Federal aid road act, approved July 11, 1916, as amended and supplemented, to authorize appropriations during the National emergency declared by the President on May 27, 1941, for the immediate construction of roads urgently needed for the National defense, and for other purposes, June 4, 1941 ...

Kenneth McKellar, chairman.

Amorphous silicon solar cells by hydrogen implantation : final report, January 1, 1979-August 31, 1980 /

"August 1980."

The victory of the Marne; the enemy's onslaught--order to stand firm--the battle--immediate results--historic consequences, /

Mode of access: Internet.

An essay on the general principles and present practice of banking, in England and Scotland : with observations upon the justice and policy of an immediate alteration in the charter of the Bank of England, and the measures to be pursued in order to effect it /

Supplementary observations to the third ed. of An essay on the general principles and present practice of banking ... 20 p. at end.

On the immediate treatment of stricture of the urethra by the employment of the "stricture dilator" /

Mode of access: Internet.

English spelling simplified, as recommemded by President Roosevelt, Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, Brander Matthews, and other distinguished men. A history of the reformed spelling movement to date, including the 300 words adopted for immediate use in the government departments, together with 3,500 amended spellings, rules and other valuable information ...

Mode of access: Internet.

A complete practical treatise on venereal diseases and their immediate and remote consequences, including observations on certain affections of the uterus, attended with discharges.

Microfilmed for preservation

Social security disability : disappointing results from SSA's efforts to improve the disability claims process warrant immediate attention : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Social Security, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representative /

"GAO-02-322."