Towards the stabilization of the low density elements in topology optimization with large deformation

This work addresses the treatment of lower density regions of structures undergoing large deformations during the design process by the topology optimization method (TOM) based on the finite element method. During the design process the nonlinear elastic behavior of the structure is based on exact kinematics. The material model applied in the TOM is based on the solid isotropic microstructure with penalization approach. No void elements are deleted and all internal forces of the nodes surrounding the void elements are considered during the nonlinear equilibrium solution. The distribution of design variables is solved through the method of moving asymptotes, in which the sensitivity of the objective function is obtained directly. In addition, a continuation function and a nonlinear projection function are invoked to obtain a checkerboard free and mesh independent design. 2D examples with both plane strain and plane stress conditions hypothesis are presented and compared. The problem of instability is overcome by adopting a polyconvex constitutive model in conjunction with a suggested relaxation function to stabilize the excessive distorted elements. The exact tangent stiffness matrix is used. The optimal topology results are compared to the results obtained by using the classical Saint Venant–Kirchhoff constitutive law, and strong differences are found.

Níveis de energia metabolizável para poedeiras comerciais

A energia é o item mais dispendioso na formulação de rações para poedeiras. A inclusão energética em níveis elevados resulta, além de gastos excessivos, no aumento da mortalidade e na redução do desempenho das aves. Via de regra, os manuais das linhagens e as recomendações propostas por tabelas desenvolvidas por instituições de pesquisa, não atendem em sua totalidade a demanda real das granjas produtoras de ovos. Desta forma, medidas que visem adequar as condições de criação às exigências nutricionais das poedeiras são almejadas a todo instante, resultando na aproximação entre a formulação das dietas e as exigências das poedeiras.

Relationship between body image disturbance and incidence of depression: the SUN prospective cohort

[EN] Background: Body image disturbance is an increasing problem in Western societies and is associated with a number of mental health outcomes including anorexia, bulimia, body dysmorphia, and depression. The aim of this study was to assess the association between body image disturbance and the incidence of depression. Methods: This study included 10,286 participants from a dynamic prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, who were followed-up for a median period of 4.2 years (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra – the SUN study). The key characteristic of the study is the permanently open recruitment that started in 1999. The baseline questionnaire included information about body mass index (BMI) and the nine figure schemes that were used to assess body size perception. These variables were grouped according to recommended classifications and the difference between BMI and body size perception was considered as a proxy of body image disturbance. A subject was classified as an incident case of depression if he/she was initially free of depression and reported a physician-made diagnosis of depression and/or the use of antidepressant medication in at least one of the follow-up questionnaires. The association between body image disturbance and the incidence of depression was estimated by calculating the multivariable adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI), using logistic regression models. Results: The cumulative incidence of depression during follow-up in the cohort was 4.8%. Men who underestimated their body size had a high percentage of overweight and obesity (50.1% and 12.6%, respectively), whereas women who overestimated their body size had a high percentage of underweight (87.6%). The underestimation exhibited a negative association with the incidence of depression among women (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54 – 0.95), but this effect disappeared after adjusting for possible confounding variables. The proportion of participants who correctly perceived their body size was high (53.3%) and gross misperception was seldom found, with most cases selecting only one silhouette below (42.7%) or above (2.6%) their actual BMI. Conclusion: We found no association between body image disturbance and subsequent depression in a cohort of university graduates in Spain.

Economia solidária e trabalho coletivo : Um olhar sobre a Cooperativa do Riachão no Norte de Minas Gerais - Brasil

It is intended to discuss the prospect of collective work in solidarity economy, from experiences with those of the Cooperative Riachao workers, located in a rural community in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais / Brazil, this approximately 240 farming families extractive are benefited with the generation of jobs and income through initiatives grounded in associations, cooperatives and collectives. Among the 80 to 90 years, appeared inBrazil experiences of solidarity, resulting economy of the labor market crisis and rising unemployment, and an important response to the workers in relation to changes in the world of work. It is grounded in the organization of groups of workers, by way of solidarity, community, cooperation, and self-management reactions. In this sense, we intend to present the achievements, challenges and dilemmas of workers COOPERIACHAO, around a project that aims at empowerment of social actors and social transformation of the subject

Dupla jornada de trabalho : Uma análise da condição feminina no trabalho doméstico

Suponiendo que históricamente la mujer se le privó de jugar un papel en el espacio público y se colocó como responsable del cuidado y manejo de la esfera doméstica, este estudio se propone reflejar la situación de la mujer en la sociedad capitalista brasileña cuestionando la doble carga de trabajo de mujer, para asumir responsabilidades en el espacio público y privado. Con el advenimiento de la revolución industrial y la expansión del capitalismo, la mujer puede romper las barreras del espacio doméstico y encaja en las estructuras del modo de producción. Sin embargo, las desigualdades de género persisten y legitiman el sistema. El espacio interno se configura como uno de los mayores campos de contradicciones y desigualdades en la perspectiva de género. Ante esta afirmación, estudios como éste que la captura y análisis de la realidad de la esfera doméstica y la sobrecarga de lamujer, son relevantes para dar visibilidad a la cuestión. Por lo tanto, este estudio hizo hincapié en la lucha femenina todos los días para la igualdad de género en eltrabajo doméstico, destacando puntos tales como la invisibilidad del trabajo doméstico en la sociedad capitalista, el mpoderamiento y precarias condiciones de vida de las mujeres y la persistencia de la desigualdad género dentro de la familia

Economia solidária e trabalho coletivo : Um olhar sobre a Cooperativa do Riachão no Norte de Minas Gerais - Brasil

It is intended to discuss the prospect of collective work in solidarity economy, from experiences with those of the Cooperative Riachao workers, located in a rural community in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais / Brazil, this approximately 240 farming families extractive are benefited with the generation of jobs and income through initiatives grounded in associations, cooperatives and collectives. Among the 80 to 90 years, appeared inBrazil experiences of solidarity, resulting economy of the labor market crisis and rising unemployment, and an important response to the workers in relation to changes in the world of work. It is grounded in the organization of groups of workers, by way of solidarity, community, cooperation, and self-management reactions. In this sense, we intend to present the achievements, challenges and dilemmas of workers COOPERIACHAO, around a project that aims at empowerment of social actors and social transformation of the subject

Dupla jornada de trabalho : Uma análise da condição feminina no trabalho doméstico

Suponiendo que históricamente la mujer se le privó de jugar un papel en el espacio público y se colocó como responsable del cuidado y manejo de la esfera doméstica, este estudio se propone reflejar la situación de la mujer en la sociedad capitalista brasileña cuestionando la doble carga de trabajo de mujer, para asumir responsabilidades en el espacio público y privado. Con el advenimiento de la revolución industrial y la expansión del capitalismo, la mujer puede romper las barreras del espacio doméstico y encaja en las estructuras del modo de producción. Sin embargo, las desigualdades de género persisten y legitiman el sistema. El espacio interno se configura como uno de los mayores campos de contradicciones y desigualdades en la perspectiva de género. Ante esta afirmación, estudios como éste que la captura y análisis de la realidad de la esfera doméstica y la sobrecarga de lamujer, son relevantes para dar visibilidad a la cuestión. Por lo tanto, este estudio hizo hincapié en la lucha femenina todos los días para la igualdad de género en eltrabajo doméstico, destacando puntos tales como la invisibilidad del trabajo doméstico en la sociedad capitalista, el mpoderamiento y precarias condiciones de vida de las mujeres y la persistencia de la desigualdad género dentro de la familia

Dupla jornada de trabalho : Uma análise da condição feminina no trabalho doméstico

Suponiendo que históricamente la mujer se le privó de jugar un papel en el espacio público y se colocó como responsable del cuidado y manejo de la esfera doméstica, este estudio se propone reflejar la situación de la mujer en la sociedad capitalista brasileña cuestionando la doble carga de trabajo de mujer, para asumir responsabilidades en el espacio público y privado. Con el advenimiento de la revolución industrial y la expansión del capitalismo, la mujer puede romper las barreras del espacio doméstico y encaja en las estructuras del modo de producción. Sin embargo, las desigualdades de género persisten y legitiman el sistema. El espacio interno se configura como uno de los mayores campos de contradicciones y desigualdades en la perspectiva de género. Ante esta afirmación, estudios como éste que la captura y análisis de la realidad de la esfera doméstica y la sobrecarga de lamujer, son relevantes para dar visibilidad a la cuestión. Por lo tanto, este estudio hizo hincapié en la lucha femenina todos los días para la igualdad de género en eltrabajo doméstico, destacando puntos tales como la invisibilidad del trabajo doméstico en la sociedad capitalista, el mpoderamiento y precarias condiciones de vida de las mujeres y la persistencia de la desigualdad género dentro de la familia

Economia solidária e trabalho coletivo : Um olhar sobre a Cooperativa do Riachão no Norte de Minas Gerais - Brasil

It is intended to discuss the prospect of collective work in solidarity economy, from experiences with those of the Cooperative Riachao workers, located in a rural community in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais / Brazil, this approximately 240 farming families extractive are benefited with the generation of jobs and income through initiatives grounded in associations, cooperatives and collectives. Among the 80 to 90 years, appeared inBrazil experiences of solidarity, resulting economy of the labor market crisis and rising unemployment, and an important response to the workers in relation to changes in the world of work. It is grounded in the organization of groups of workers, by way of solidarity, community, cooperation, and self-management reactions. In this sense, we intend to present the achievements, challenges and dilemmas of workers COOPERIACHAO, around a project that aims at empowerment of social actors and social transformation of the subject