The debt, the stock market and the state-owned enterprises. The sources of chaos on the Chinese financial markets. OSW Commentary NUMBER 201/16.03.2016

The government’s extensive programme for stimulating the economy has enabled China to maintain high economic growth after the global financial crisis in 2008. However, this success has come at the price of a number of negative economic phenomena and the consequences they have had are the major challenge for the government today. The vast programme of investments in infrastructure, construction and fixed assets, which has been the main source of economic growth over the past few years, has caused a rapid increase in China’s debt from 158% of GDP in 2007 to 282% in 2014. Along with the local governments in charge of implementing the programme, the Chinese sector of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been heavily burdened by the stimulation policy. The sector’s profitability has fallen, its indebtedness has increased and management problems have been revealed.

Maastricht 2.0 - Proposed reform of EU sovereign debt rules. Policy Brief #2012/05

The European Union’s regulations governing sovereign debt are based on the principle of equal treatment of all member states. The recommendations we make here concerning changes in European Union sovereign-debt reduction rules take account of national particularities, but are by no means arbitrary in nature. According to the calculations we present here, such reformed regulations would do far more to promote economic growth than would be the case under the Fiscal Compact’s European debt brake. By 2030, real gains in growth will amount to more than 450 billion euros more than the outcome that would presumably be obtained under the European debt brake.

Les nauigations, peregrinations et voyages, faicts en la Turquie / par Nicolas de Nicolay ... ; le tout sistingué en quatre liures ; avec soixante figures au naturel tant d'hommes, que de femmes selon la diuersité des nations, ... .

P. 71-73, 98, 101-103, 113, 116, 122-124, 128, 131, 137, 140, 142, 145, 148, 151, 155, 159-161, 167, 170, 173, 177, 181, 184, 188, 192, 195, 210 [i.e. 198], 203, 207, 217, 223, 231, 234, 238, 241, 249, 256, 159 [i.e. 259], 260, 268-270, 276-277, 298, 306-308 numeradas como h.

Le pot au noir : scènes et figures des tropiques /

Mode of access: Internet.

Two small sketches of figures in doorway.

[From Jasper Cropsey Sketch book, 1855-1856]

Our nation's highways - selected facts and figures.

Mode of access: Internet.

Our nation's highways - selected facts and figures.

Mode of access: Internet.

The foreign debt of the Argentine republic,

Bibliography: p. 179-181.