水稻中OsERD2和OsRAA1基因的功能分析

内质网中一些可溶性蛋白含有Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu（KDEL）基序作为内质网滞留的信号，这些内质网滞留蛋白可以离开内质网进入高尔基体进行糖基化修饰。目前的研究表明，KDEL基序可以被滞留蛋白受体识别，通过反向运输途径将其运回内质网。ERD2是第一个在酵母中被鉴定的内质网滞留蛋白受体。在人、拟南芥、弓形虫等生物中也鉴定出类似的内质网滞留蛋白受体。ERD2在拟南芥中的同源基因aERD2受内质网胁迫信号的诱导，在水稻中还未见该类受体的报道。 本工作从水稻中克隆到ERD2的同源基因OsERD2。OsERD2的cDNA全长为1081bp，编码一含215个氨基酸的蛋白。OsERD2与酵母、拟南芥、人中的内质网滞留蛋白受体的同源性分别为43.38%、72.56%、54.42%。疏水性分析显示该蛋白具有7个跨膜区；OsERD2呈组成型表达模式；亚细胞定位显示OsERD2主要分布于高尔基体中；利用酵母互补实验证明OsERD2可以恢复酵母erd2缺失突变体的表型。这些结果表明，OsERD2是水稻中的内质网滞留蛋白受体。 借助农杆菌介导的转化将OsERD2在水稻中超表达，分析转基因水稻对二硫苏糖醇（DTT）处理的响应。结果显示DTT处理抑制水稻幼苗生长，超表达OsERD2株系受抑制程度更为明显。表明OsERD2转基因水稻对内质网胁迫更加敏感。因此，OsERD2可能参与了水稻中的未折叠蛋白响应。 本论文还比较分析了OsRAA1/AtFPF1的一些新功能。OsRAA1（Oryza sativa root architecture associated 1）是拟南芥AtFPF1在水稻中的同源基因，参与水稻根发育的调控。我们将OsRAA1在拟南芥中异源超表达，发现OsRAA1的积累使转基因拟南芥的开花时间提前，同时发现在白光条件下转基因拟南芥的下胚轴长度增加。进一步分析表明，在蓝光、远红光和黑暗条件下转OsRAA1拟南芥下胚轴长度和野生型没有明显区别，但在红光条件下，转基因拟南芥的下胚轴长度是野生型的两倍。AtFPF1转基因拟南芥也表现出类似的表型，说明RAA1/FPF1蛋白不但可以调控拟南芥开花时间而且参与红光对下胚轴生长的光抑制过程，它们在进化过程中保留了这两个方面的功能。

A report on the fisheries of Uganda investigated by the Cambridge Expedition to the East African Lakes, 1930-31

There was very little previous information to use as a basis for work on Lakes Edward and George, but fortunately the region had been mapped in some detail by the Uganda-Congo Boundary Commission of 1906-08. This map served as a satisfactory foundation, but the western Congo shoreline of Lake Edward was inserted only by a dotted line, and a number of inaccuracies, particularly with regard to the islands and littoral of L. George, came to light during our survey.

Loss comparison between an SPWM and harmonic elimination excited small, (<1kW) induction motor drive using Pspice simulation and calorimetry

Adopting square wave excitation to drive induction motors (IMs) can substantially reduce inverter switching losses. However, the low-order time harmonics inherent in the output voltage generates parasitic torques that degrade motor performance and reduce efficiency. In this paper, a novel harmonic elimination modulation technique with full voltage control is studied as an interesting and alternative means of operating small (<1kW) IM drives efficiently. A fully verified harmonic elimination scheme, which removes the 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th and 17 th time harmonics, was implemented and applied to an IGBT driven IM. The power losses incurred in the inverter and the IM as a result of the switching scheme have been determined. © 2008 Crown copyright.

从中华硬蜱神经节中分离出两种神经肽

从中华硬蜱神经节中分离出两种神经肽a和b,其序列分别为Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Lys和Trp-Glu-Lys-Leu-Gly-Ser-Met-Glu-Thr-Leu.热板实验结果表明,神经肽a具有很强的镇痛活性,并且其镇痛作用随其剂量递增而增强;神经肽b有一定的肌舒张活性.这些神经肽可能参与硬蜱下调宿主防御反应的过程.

A novel proline rich bombesin-related peptide (PR-bombesin) from toad Bombina maxima

A novel bombesin-related peptide was isolated from skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Its primary structure was established as pGlu-Lys-Lys-Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Phe-Met-NH2. The amino-terminal (N-terminal) 8-residue segment comprising four prolines and three basic residues is extensively different from bombesins from other Bombina species. The peptide was thus named proline rich bombesin (PR-bombesin). PR-bumbesin was found to elicit concentration-dependent contractile effects in the rat stomach strip, with both increased potency and intrinsic activity as compared with those of [Leu(13)]bombesin. Analysis of different bombesin cDNA structures revealed that an 8 to 14- nucleotide fragment replacement in the peptide coding region (TGGGGAAT in the cDNAs of multiple bombesin forms from Bombina orientalis and CACCCCGGCCACCC in the cDNA of PR-bombesin) resulted in an unusual Pro-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro motif in the N-terminal part of PR-bombesin. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Identification and molecular cloning of a novel neuromedin U analog from the skin secretions of toad Bombina maxima

Amphibian skin contains rich neuropeptides. In the present study, a novel neuromedin U (NmU) analog was isolated from skin secretions of Chinese red belly Load Bombina maxima. Being 17-amino acids long, its primary structure was established as DSSGIVGRPFFLFRPRN-NH2, in which the C-terminal 8-residue segment (FFLFRPRN) is the same as that of rat NmU, while the N-terminal part DSSGIVGRP shows a great sequence variation compared with those of NmU peptides from different resources. The peptide, named Bm-NmU-17, was found to elicit concentration-dependent contractile effects on smooth muscle of rat uterus horns. The cDNA Structure of the peptide, as obtained by a 3'-RACE strategy and subsequently cloning from a skin cDNA library, was found to contain a coding region of 438 nucleotides. The encoded precursor is composed of 145 amino acids with a single copy of Bm-NmU-17 located towards the C-terminus. The sequence of the peptide is preceded by a dibasic site (Lys-Arg) and followed by the sequence of Gly-Arg-Lys, providing the sites of cleavage and releasing of the mature peptide. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

饱食因子及其制备方法和其基因

本发明涉及一种饱食因子及其制备方法和其基因，属于生物医学领域。该饱食因子为从中国两栖类动物大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤分泌物中分离得到的由28个氨基酸组成的一种单链多肽，分子量3229.57，等电点7.7，多肽氨基酸全序列一级结构为：Asp Met Tyr Glu Ile Lys Gln Tyr Lys The Ala HisGly Arg Pro Pro Ile Cys Ala Pro Gly Glu Gln Cys Pro Ile Trp Val-AMIDATION。制备方法是收集大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物，离心去除沉淀、冷冻干燥后，经凝胶过滤、离子交换柱层析、高压液相反相柱层析分离纯化后即得到。编码饱食因子的基因由1041个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟饱食因子为第835-918位核苷酸。具有抑制进食，增强缓激肽生物效应的作用，作为制备肥胖症治疗药物，心血管系统疾病治疗药物的应用。

血管收缩因子及其制备方法和在制药中的应用

本发明涉及一种血管收缩因子及其制备方法和在制药中的应用，属于生物医学领域。该血管收缩因子是从中国两栖类动物大蹼铃蟾皮肤中分离得到的分子量为65KDa由3条肽链组成的蛋白质，包括2条相同的轻链和1条重链，轻链的分子量为16KDa，重链的分子量为33KDa，等电点6.2，糖含量17-19％。血管收缩因子轻链的N-端20个氨基酸序列结构是：Phe Ser Asp Leu Gln IleGly Ser Leu Lys Cys Ala Val Ala Ala Tyr Asp Gln Gly Ala；重链的N-端封闭。其制备方法是收集大蹼铃蟾皮肤匀浆液或者皮肤分泌物，离心去除沉淀、收集上清液冷冻干燥，经离子交换，凝胶过滤纯化即可得到。该血管收缩因子具有强烈收缩血管，诱导血小板聚集的活性，可作为制备心血管疾病治疗药物和诊断试剂的应用。

A novel family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of Amolops loloensis

While conducting experiments to investigate antimicrobial peptides of amphibians living in the Yunnan-Sichuan region of southwest China, a new family of antimicrobial peptides was identified from skin secretions of the rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis. Members of the new peptide family named amolopins are composed of 18 amino acids with a unique sequence, for example, NILSSIVNGINRALSFFG. By BLAST search, amolopins did no show similarity to any known peptides. Among the tested microorganisms, native and synthetic peptides only showed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 and Bacillus pumilus, no effects on other microorganisms. The CD spectroscopy showed that it adopted a structure of random combined with beta-sheet in water, Tris-HCl or Tris-HCl-SDS. Several cDNAs encoding amolopins were cloned from the skin cDNA library of A. loloensis. The precursors of amolopin are composed of 62 amino acid residues including predicted signal peptides, acidic propieces, and mature antimicrobial peptides. The preproregion of amolopin precursor comprises a hydrophobic signal peptide of 22 residues followed by an 18 residue acidic propiece which terminates by a typical prohormone processing signal Lys-Arg. The preproregions of precursors are very similar to other amphibian antimicrobial peptide precursors but the mature amolopins are different from other antimicrobial peptide families. The remarkable similarity of preproregions of precursors that give rise to very different antimicrobial peptides in distantly related frog species suggests that the corresponding genes form a multigene family originating from a common ancestor. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

无指盘臭蛙抗菌肽及其应用

本发明涉及一种无指盘臭蛙抗菌肽及其应用，属于生物医学领域。无指盘臭蛙抗菌肽是从两栖类无指盘臭蛙分泌液中分离得到的一种环状多肽，分子量为 1705.3道尔顿，等电点为9.39，多肽全序列一级结构为：Leu Lys Gly Cys Trp The Lys Ser Ile Pro Pro Lys Pro Cys Phe(LKGCWTKSIPPKPCF)，第四位和第十四位的的半胱氨酸形成分子内二硫键。其制备方法是：乙醚刺激无指盘臭蛙收集的分泌液离心去除沉淀，冷冻干燥后经凝胶过滤柱层析和反相高压液相色谱后分离纯化后得到。本发明的无指盘臭蛙抗菌肽具有对细菌、真菌、病毒有强烈活性抑制作用，及无溶血活性的优点，可作为制备治疗病原微生物感染疾病药物的应用。

棕点湍蛙胰岛素释放促进肽和在制药中的应用

本发明涉及棕点湍蛙胰岛素释放促进肽和在制药中的应用，属于生物医学技术领域。本发明通过常规的生物化学手段，从棕点湍蛙皮肤分泌液中分离纯化得到胰岛素释放促进肽并测定其序列，按照所得的序列合成该多肽。棕点湍蛙胰岛素释放促进肽是一种单链多肽，分子量1627.04道尔顿，等电点8.75，多肽一级结构全序列为：Phe-Leu-Pro-Ile-Val-Gly-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ser-Gly-Leu-Ser-Gly-Leu- Leu(FLPIVGKLLSGLSGLL-NH2)。本发明具有很好的促进胰岛素释放的作用，同时还具有无溶血活性、无血浆凝固活性等优点，可作为制备治疗糖尿病药物的应用。

一种新型环状小肽BA及其应用

本发明涉及一种新型环状小肽BA及其应用，属于生物医学技术领域。本发明的环状小肽BA，分子量1259.56道尔顿，等电点4.44，具有一定的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂活性，无酶活性。其全序列为：Cys Trp Thr Lys Ser Ile Pro Pro Lys Pro Cys(CWTKSIPPKPC)，第1位半胱氨酸和第11位的半胱氨酸形成分子内二硫键。该环状小肽BA作为药物设计模版及作为制备治疗肿瘤药物的应用。以环状小肽BA作为模版，在其氨基端和羰基端分别进行不同氨基酸的增加，得到具有抗菌活性或丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂活性的环状小肽BA1和环状小肽BA2，并作为制备治疗肿瘤、胃炎、胰腺炎药物的应用。本发明还具有序列简单、合成方便等优点。

无指盘臭蛙蛙皮肽及其基因和在制药中的应用

本发明涉及一种无指盘臭蛙蛙皮肽及其基因和在制药中的应用，属于生物医学领域。该活性多肽是中国两栖类动物无指盘臭蛙基因编码的一种单链多肽，分子量3355.95道尔顿，等电点10.14，多肽全序列一级结构为： Gly Leu Gly Gly Ala Lys Lys Asn Phe Ile Ile Ala Ala Asn Lys Thr Ala Pro Gln Ser Val Lys Lys Thr Phe Ser Cys Lys Leu Tyr Asn Gly。编码无指盘臭蛙蛙皮肽的基因由 731个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟无指盘臭蛙蛙皮肽为第520-616位核苷酸。人工合成的无指盘臭蛙蛙皮肽具有显著的抑制细菌和真菌生长的作用，可以作为制备病原微生物感染疾病的治疗药物被应用。本发明的无指盘臭蛙蛙皮肽具有结构简单、人工合成方便、抗菌谱系广的有益特点。

无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽及其基因和在制药中的应用

本发明涉及一种无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽及及其基因和在制药中的应用，属于生物医学领域。无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽是无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽基因编码的一种单链多肽，分子量3015.63道尔顿，等电点10.3，多肽全序列一级结构为： Ala Thr Ala Leu Gly Leu Ser Ser Arg Gly Leu Leu Pro Ile Gly Phe Met Phe Lys Asp Thr Ile Arg Cys Arg Lys Tyr(ATALGLSSRGLLPIGFMFKDTIRCRKY)。编码无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽的基因由312个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽为第141-222位核苷酸。人工合成的无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽具有很强的抑制细菌和真菌生长的作用，可以作为制备病原微生物感染疾病的治疗药物被应用。无指盘臭蛙皮肤活性肽具有结构简单、人工合成方便、抗菌谱系广、抗菌活性强的特点。

无指盘臭蛙免疫调节肽、其基因和变异体及其在制药中的应用

本发明涉及无指盘臭蛙免疫调节肽、基因和变异体及其在制药中的应用，属生物医学技术领域。无指盘臭蛙免疫调节肽是一种环状多肽，分子量1791.12道尔顿，等电点 9.84，无指盘臭蛙免疫调节肽的全序列为：Thr Ser Arg Cys Tyr Ile Gly Tyr Arg Arg Lys Val Val Cys Ser(TSRCYIGYRRKVVCS)，其第4位的半胱氨酸和第14位的半胱氨酸形成分子内二硫键。编码的基因由307个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟部分的为第 141-186位核苷酸。无指盘臭蛙免疫调节肽原始序列中第4个氨基酸发生替代所产生的变异体，人工合成的无指盘臭蛙免疫调节肽及其变异体具有强烈的免疫调节活性和肿瘤抑制活性，作为制备免疫调节、肿瘤治疗和化疗药物的应用。本发明还具有序列简单、合成方便等优点。