839 resultados para aerobic biodigestion
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Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic rheumatic syndrome characterized by diffuse muscle-skeletal pain, and aerobic exercises represent a fundamental portion in therapeutic approach. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercises accomplished in the water of the sea (thalassotherapy) for women with FM and to compare with exercises accomplished in the swimming pool, involving a multidisciplinary team, composed by rheumatologists, physical therapists, students of physical therapy and students of physical education. Forty six (46) women with age between 18 and 60 years with FM were randomized in 2 groups: a swimming pool group (23 patients) and a sea group (23 patients). 80th groups trained a week with the same program of aerobic conditioning 3 times (60 minutes each) for 12 weeks. Ali the patients were evaluated, before and immediately after treatment, with Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) for pain and fatigue, number of tending points, Fibromyalgia Impact Ouestionnaire (FIO), Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), Pittsburgh Sleep Ouality Index (PSOI) and Beck Oepression Inventory (BOI). For statistical analysis, it was used paired-t test for analysis intra-group and non-paired test for inter-groups analysis, significance levei of p <0,05. Four patients, of each group, didn't complete the training programo Groups were homogeneous and they were compared in initial evaluation, except for BOI (p <0,05). Both groups presented statistically significant improvement for ali appraised parameters in the post-treatment compared with initial evaluation, there were reduction of intensity of pain and fatigue, number of tending points, better functional capacity (FIO), life quality (SF-36), quality of sleep (PSQI) and depression indexes (BOI). However, in comparison among the groups, group of sea (thalassotherapy) presented better results for ali parameters, however with statistically significant difference just only for depression indexes (BOI). At the end, it was observed that accomplishment of aerobic exercises in sea water or swimming pool was effective as part of treatment for patients with FM. However, exercise programs with thalassotherapy seems to bring more benefits, mainly related to emotional aspects, could be a therapeutic option of low cost for patients with FM in our area
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The objective of this study of comparative descriptive character went aimed at to analyze the characteristics dermatoglyphics, anthropometrics and the basic physical qualities, in 180 selected scholars in a stratified way, distributed like this: 10 year-old boys = 32; 09 years = 32; 08 years = 32; 10 year-old girls = 28; 09 years = 28; 08 years = 28), studying the fundamental teaching of the School Good Municipal Hope, located in the area east, in the Neighborhood of the Crowned, in the city of Manaus, Amazon. For identification of the dermatoglyphics characteristics collected, was the fingerprints; for evaluation of the corporal mass, height and IMC, they were used a digital scale with an estadiometer of the mark Filizola. The tests: to sit down and to reach flexibility); Horizontal Impulse or I jump in distance stopped (force of inferior members); Flex and extension of the trunk (it Forces abdominal); Flexion and extension of the arms in suspension in the bar (Force of superior members); 30 meters (Speed) and 9 minutes (Resistance applied aerobic) was to evaluate the basic physical qualities. The results demonstrated that differences didn't exist among the goods, in most of the studied variables, and the existent differences among the ages of 8, 9 and 10 years, they demonstrate a normality tendency in the infantile development
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Changes introduced by cardiopulmonar and neuromuscular training on basal serum insulin-like grow factor-1 (IGF-1) and cortisol levels, functional autonomy and quality of life in elderly women The aim of this study was to compare the effects of strength and aerobic training on basal serum IGF-1 and Cortisol levels, functional autonomy (FA) and quality of life (QoL) in elderly women after 12 weeks of training. The subjects were submitted the strength training (75-85% 1-RM) with weight exercises (SG; n=12; age=66.08 ± 3,37 years; BMI=26,77 ± 3,72 kg/m2), aerobic training with aquatic exercises (AG; n=13; age=68,69 ± 4,70 years; BMI=29,19 ± 2,96 kg/m2) and control group (CG; n=10; age=68,80 ± 5,41 years; BMI=29,70 ± 2,82 kg/m2). Fasting blood was analyzed to measure basal IGF-1 and cortisol levels by chemiluminescence method. The t-Student test showed increased IGF-1 in the SG (p<0.05) for intragroup comparison. The Repeated-measure ANOVA presented increased IGF-1 (p<0.05) in the SG compared to the other two groups. There were no differences in cortisol levels. All the FA tests (GDLAM autonomy protocol) presented decreased significant in the time marked in seconds to the SG. The same results were found in the AG, except in the rise from a sitting position test. The autonomy index presented significant improvements (p<0.05) in the SG related to the AG and CG and in the AG to the CG. The SG showed increased QoL (p<0.05) (by WHOQOL-Old questionnaire) in the facet 1 (sensorial functioning) and facet 5 (death and dying). Thus, the SG obtained positive changes on IGF-1 and FA levels when compared to the AG. This suggests that strength training can indicated to decrease the effects of ageing.
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In Brazil school food is constitutionally guaranteed to public school students at the preschool and elementary level. This food must be nutritious, hygienic and sanitary. The aim of the present study was to assess the hygienic/sanitary conditions of food and table utensil handlers in municipal public schools in Natal, Brazil. In total, 27 public schools were assessed, using a checklist and microbiological analysis of the hands and table utensils. For the microbiological analyses of the hands, coliforms were analyzed at 45ºC and for the utensils aerobic mesophilic bacteria, using methods recognized by AOAC, 2002 and APHA, 1992, respectively. Most of the schools studied did not exhibit good food and utensil handling practice procedures in any of the variables analyzed. It was shown that 74.1% of the handlers received no periodic training, 51.9% did not undergo annual health examinations and 100% did not practice proper hand hygiene, which reflected significantly (p < 0.05) in hand contamination, where fecal coliforms were detected on 55.6% of the hands analyzed. With respect to the utensils, it was found that 100% of the schools studied did not follow correct hygiene practices and most were classified as very bad ; that is, aerobic mesophilic bacteria values above the limits established by PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), with schools in the north and south districts recording the highest percentages. The results show that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the food and utensil handlers in the schools studied were inadequate, demonstrating the need for implanting good handling practices aimed at protecting the health of children that take part in the program and offering safer foods. Researchers from the areas of food microbiology, nutrition, public health and statistics participated in this study, a decisive factor for characterizing it as multidisciplinary
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The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of an aerobic exercise program on the internal right carotid resistive index (IRCRI) and the functional autonomy levels of elderly women. The sample was composed of 25 elderly sedentary women, aged between 60 and 75 years, allocated into two groups: an experimental group consisting of 14 women submitted to aerobic treatment and a control group (n=11). Carotid artery resistance assessment was conducted using Doppler ultrasound and functional autonomy by the following tests: 10m walk (10mW), rising from a sitting position (RSP), rising from a chair and moving about the house (RCMH), rising from the ventral decubitus position (RVDP) and putting on and removing a t-shirt (PRTS). Aerobic training consisted of walking 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 3 months. To control the intensity of the walk, the index of perceived exertion was used, with standardized Borg scale values corresponding to 13-15 points, characterized as slightly tiring exercise with training heart rate (TRH) between 50% and 80% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Compared to the control, the experimental group obtained a statistically significant decrease in right internal carotid resistance (p = 0.021) and a significant increase in the following tests: 10mW (p=0.000), RSP (p=0.035) and RCMH (p=0.016). These results suggest that engaging in aerobic exercises was effective in decreasing IRCRI and improving functional autonomy inelderly women
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of the process of biodigestion of the protein concentrate resulting from the ultrafiltration of the effluent from a slaughterhouse freezer of Nile tilapia. Bench digesters were used with excrements and water (control) in comparison with a mixture of cattle manure and effluent from the stages of filleting and bleeding of tilapias. The effluent obtained in the continuous process (bleeding + filleting) was the one with highest accumulated population from the 37th day, as well as greatest daily production. Gases composition did not differ between the protein concentrates, but the gas obtained with the use of the effluent from the filleting stage presented highest methane gas average (78.05%) in comparison with those obtained in the bleeding stage (69.95%) and in the continuous process (70.02%) or by the control method (68.59%).
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Os métodos de incubação de solo fornecem subsídios técnicos para a avaliação da mineralização e disponibilidade de N. Nesse sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a mineralização potencial e líquida do N orgânico em solos e relacioná-la à disponibilidade de N para plantas. Amostras de 22 solos coletadas na camada arável (0 a 20 cm) foram submetidas à incubação em condições aeróbias a 35 °C, por 30 semanas, e anaeróbias a 40 °C, por sete dias, e utilizadas em experimento, em casa de vegetação, em que o milho foi a planta-teste. Durante a incubação por 30 semanas, houve aumento do N mineralizado na segunda semana, seguido de diminuição e estabilização a partir da quarta semana. Este comportamento resultou em ajuste do N mineralizado (Nm) ao modelo exponencial de decrescimento e do N mineralizado acumulado (Nmac) ao modelo exponencial de crescimento, a partir do qual foi possível calcular o N potencialmente mineralizável (N0). As quantidades de N0 refletiram a mineralização e a disponibilidade de N em longo prazo. Contudo, o Nmac apresentou maior grau de correlação com o N disponível medido pelas plantas (concentração de N e N acumulado na parte aérea) do que o N0, e valores altos de correlação foram obtidos já após duas semanas de incubação, o que indica que a modelagem matemática pode ser dispensada e o período de incubação pode ser encurtado. O N total do solo foi melhor índice da mineralização potencial e líquida de N orgânico do que a matéria orgânica do solo, principalmente em longo prazo. O método de incubação anaeróbia de curta duração pode ser utilizado para cálculo da estimativa do N0, e a subtração do N-NH4+ inicial não contribuiu para melhorar a estimativa da mineralização e da disponibilidade de N por meio deste método, o que o torna ainda mais simples e viável.
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Avaliaram-se os efeitos da idade do animal e da proporção de volumoso nas dietas sobre a biodigestão anaeróbia dos dejetos de cabritos Saanen. Foram utilizadas as fezes produzidas por cabritos Saanen aos 90, 120 e 150 dias de idade e alimentados com dietas de três relações volumoso:concentrado (80:20, 60:40 e 40:60), representando as dietas 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Utilizaram-se biodigestores tipo batelada de bancada com capacidade para 12 litros de substrato em fermentação e 8% de sólidos totais iniciais para determinação das produções e dos potenciais de produção de biogás e metano, da redução de sólidos voláteis e quantificação dos teores de minerais no afluente e efluente. As maiores reduções de sólidos voláteis foram observadas nos substratos preparados com as fezes de cabritos aos 150 dias alimentados com a dieta com relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60. Os melhores rendimentos de substrato ou fezes foram obtidos com os dejetos dos cabritos de 120 e 150 dias de idade alimentados com a dieta com relação volumoso:concentrado 40:60. As maiores concentrações de minerais nos biodigestores foram observadas para as fezes de cabritos de 150 dias de idade alimentados com a dieta com relação volumoso:concentrado 40:60. A biodigestão anaeróbia é eficiente na remoção de coliformes nos dejetos de caprinos, proporcionando efluentes com no máximo 4,3 × 10² coliformes totais termotolerantes por grama de material.
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Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar possíveis alterações na composição e no processo de biodigestão anaeróbia dos dejetos produzidos por bovinos Canchim e Nelore em diferentes períodos do confinamento e alimentados com diferentes proporções de volumoso e concentrado. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial com parcela subdividida no tempo. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro tratamentos: dejetos provenientes de duas dietas (40% de volumoso e 60% de concentrado e 60% de volumoso e 40% de concentrado) e dois genótipos (Canchim e Nelore) e as subparcelas pelos três períodos de colheita dos resíduos (início, meio e final). A eficiência do processo de biodigestão foi avaliada pelas reduções de sólidos totais (ST), sólidos voláteis (SV), número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, demanda química e bioquímica de oxigênio, além da produção e dos potenciais de produção de biogás e metano. Não houve efeito do genótipo nem do período sobre a composição dos dejetos, no entanto o aumento da proporção de volumoso na dieta levou a menor eficiência do processo, pois foi observado aumento de 26,31% no volume de metano produzido na dieta com 60% de concentrado com relação à dieta com 40%, de concentrado. Também foram observadas importantes reduções no NMP de coliformes totais e termotolerantes ao final do processo, independentemente do tratamento testado.
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Biofertilizers generated from the anaerobic and aerobic digestion of cattle manure, known as Bio1 and Bio2, respectively, were studied with regard to their microbial composition and effect on the mycelial growth of Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS). Two field experiments were conducted to determine the biofertilizer's potential (Bio1) in controlling CBS (2001/2002 and 2002/2003 crops). It was observed that the greatest number of microorganisms was found in the aerobically produced biofertilizer. Bio2 did not inhibit the mycelial growth of P. citricarpa. Mycelial growth of P. citricarpa was inversely proportional to the Bio1 biofertilizer concentration. In the 2001/2002 cropping season, the Biol effect in controlling CBS was directly proportional to its concentration, at the rate of 0 (healthy fruit), with R-2 = 0.88. Biol had a significant effect in controlling CBS, at a concentration of 10%, during the 2001/2002 cropping season, with DI values of 0.246 and 0.229 for the. 10 and 20% doses, respectively, compared to DI of 0.329 for the control. A directly proportional effect of the biofertilizer concentration on the percentage of fruits with a rating of zero was. also observed in the 2002/2003 cropping season, with R-2 = 0.48. However, even at doses higher than in the preceding cropping season, the biofertilizer was less effective, possibly due to a higher occurrence of the disease. Copper oxychloride and combined applications of copper oxychloride and carbendazim plus mancozeb controlled the disease. The possibility of using the biofertilizer as a protective biofungicide to replace copper oxychloride, especially in organic agriculture, should be explored. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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O Brasil é o sétimo maior consumidor mundial de águas engarrafadas. Os recipientes mais utilizados, galões plásticos de 20 litros, devem ser submetidos à inspeção individual e posteriormente a sanificação. Recentemente, enfermidades associadas a microrganismos emergentes têm despertado o interesse por novos sanitizantes. Entre estes, o gás ozônio é um dos mais atraentes em virtude da sua segurança e eficácia superiores aos desinfetantes convencionais, não gerando resíduos tóxicos. Neste trabalho, o ozônio foi avaliado como método alternativo na sanificação de galões de água de 20 litros, na cidade de Alfenas, MG. Trinta galões foram avaliados sem tratamento e trinta após a sanificação com água ozonizada (4mg/L/2minutos) quanto à contagem total de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos heterotróficos, número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus e Pseudomonas spp. em 100mL de solução enxaguatória. A contagem média de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de microrganismos heterotróficos no estágio de pré-lavagem foi de 5,7/cm² enquanto que o tratamento com a água ozonizada reduziu este valor para 0,003/cm², além de promover a negativação das análises para coliformes Pseudomonas ssp. e somente 13,3% das amostras apresentaram-se positivas para Staphylococcus aureus após a sanificação. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com utilização de ozônio foi eficiente, nas condições testadas.
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Estudou-se a resposta do cortisol e da glicemia em 12 equinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe destreinados (T0) por oito meses e submetidos a um período de 90 dias de treinamento aeróbio (T90). Para avaliação dos efeitos do treinamento, empregou-se teste ergométrico constituído de exercício progressivo em esteira rolante, acompanhado por colheitas de sangue 15 segundos antes do término de cada etapa de esforço. A velocidade (intensidade) do treino foi definida como sendo 80% da V4 (velocidade na qual a lactacidemia atinge 4mmol/L). Adicionalmente, no último mês de treinamento, foi instituído, uma vez por semana, exercício com velocidades variáveis, chamado fartlek. Após 90 dias de treinamento, a concentração plasmática de cortisol elevou-se e após o teste de esforço (20min), houve aumento da glicemia. Este resultado reflete a possibilidade de adaptação ao treinamento. Conclui-se que o cortisol plasmático pode ser utilizado como ferramenta na avaliação de um programa de treinamento em equinos.
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Determinou-se, em eqüinos, o efeito do treinamento sobre as concentrações sangüíneas de lactato e plasmáticas de glicose durante exercício de intensidade progressiva em esteira rolante. Demonstrou-se que o treinamento aeróbico causou diminuição da concentração máxima de lactato e que o limiar de lactato corresponde ao ponto de inflexão da curva de glicose plasmática, confirmando esse parâmetro como indicador da capacidade aeróbica de cavalos.
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The aimm of this study was to evaluate the influence of washing water temperature and pressure on mesophilic and psycluotrophic aerobic bacterial populations, yeasts and molds, total conforms and fecal coliforms population, whereas the cattle carcass surface may become contaminated during the different slaughter procedures and the final carcass washing may reduce microbial population Samples were taken by sponge swabbing in four areas of carcass surface (flank, neck, chest and rump), from which 20 were washed with write, at 25 degrees C and without artificial pressure, 20 with water under a pressure of 3atm, 20 with water at 40 degrees C and without artificial pressure and 20 with water at 40 degrees C under a pressure of 3atm For control purpose and using the same method to collect more 20 carcasses samples were taken without washing., loading 100 samples The results showed that the water at 25 degrees C undo 3atm pressure was more efficient to remove microorganisms from carcass surface than the heated water, although this latter promoter a mote visible clean carcasses