Race and discourse analysis: Building a dialogue in health service research and health care settings

Using a framework for discourse analysis developed by Van Dijk, the investigator will pinpoint the pathological forms of discourse on race, defined as 'race talk' in three professional domains: health services research, public health provider organizations, and literature on multiculturalism. Attention will then turn to developing an analytical strategy for building more meaningful dialogue on race. The retrieval of potential resources for dialogue will be drawn from the third domain. Analysis will focus on enhancing the prospects of converting 'race talk' into dialogue. This will be accomplished by characterizing the normative preconditions as formal procedural requirements for dialogue and then supplementing these conditions with others related specifically to race. From here, the practical implications of combining procedural requirements and resources in each of the domains will be considered. Finally, the author will attempt to determine how these selected resources might be employed to transform 'race talk' in practice and lay the groundwork for a dialogue of understanding. ^

Willy Loman and the "Soul of a New Machine": Technology and the Common Man

As Death of a Salesman opens, Willy Loman returns home “tired to the death” (p. 13). Lost in reveries about the beautiful countryside and the past, he's been driving off the road; and now he wants a cheese sandwich. But Linda's suggestion that he try a new American-type cheese — “It's whipped” (p. 16) — irritates Willy: “Why do you get American when I like Swiss?” (p. 17). His anger at being contradicted unleashes an indictment of modern industrialized America: The street is lined with cars. There's not a breath of fresh air in the neighborhood. The grass don't grow any more, you can't raise a carrot in the back yard. (p. 17). In the old days, “This time of year it was lilac and wisteria.” Now: “Smell the stink from that apartment house! And another one on the other side…” (pp. 17–18). But just as Willy defines the conflict between nature and industry, he pauses and simply wonders: “How can they whip cheese?” (p. 18). The clash between the old agrarian ideal and capitalistic enterprise is well documented in the literature on Death of a Salesman, as is the spiritual shift from Thomas Jefferson to Andrew Carnegie to Dale Carnegie that the play reflects. The son of a pioneer inventor and the slave to broken machines, Willy Loman seems to epitomize the victim of modern technology.

Gynophobia and Anti-republicanism in Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus

Why does Adrian Leverkühn choose a Shakespeare play for his major first and his first twelve-tone composition? Why in particular a Shakespeare comedy? And why, of all comedies, Love’s Labour’s Lost? Why does he start working on it in Munich? Why does his work there soon come to a halt? Why does it prosper only in Italy? And why does he eventually return to Upper Bavaria so as to complete it? Why is he said to have completed the opera exactly one hundred years ago? And why, finally, is it first performed only after the outbreak of the war and then, surprisingly, in a German adaptation? In order to answer these and similar questions, this paper sets out to re-contextualise Doktor Faustus with regard to discourse history and re-read the novel from a gender-theoretical perspective. The leading hypothesis is that Thomas Mann’s novel belongs to the proto-history of feminist Shakespeare reception, an assumption to be substantiated through an analysis of settings, locations and the constructions of space.

Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing lineage are globally distributed and are associated with the massive spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Eurasia. Here we reconstructed the biogeographical structure and evolutionary history of this lineage by genetic analysis of 4,987 isolates from 99 countries and whole-genome sequencing of 110 representative isolates. We show that this lineage initially originated in the Far East, from where it radiated worldwide in several waves. We detected successive increases in population size for this pathogen over the last 200 years, practically coinciding with the Industrial Revolution, the First World War and HIV epidemics. Two MDR clones of this lineage started to spread throughout central Asia and Russia concomitantly with the collapse of the public health system in the former Soviet Union. Mutations identified in genes putatively under positive selection and associated with virulence might have favored the expansion of the most successful branches of the lineage.

Hole in the Head: a Play, Accompanied by a Conspectus of Knowledge, Both Repressed and Researched, that Directly Influenced the Playwright in Her Development of a New Work

"Hole in the Head" is a play about a woman who wakes up. Maude wakes up in the first act, and in every subsequent scene she undergoes some form of physical or emotional awakening as characters walk in and out of her front door."Hole in the Head" is accompanied by an introduction that attempts to understand the interplay between creativity and academia through an analysis of theatre, feminist and queer theory, and science.

Shakespeare's Richard II and Henry V and Political Rebellions in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I

The purpose of this thesis will be to examine how two acts of rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I influenced Shakespeare's writing of Richard II and Henry V, as well as the performance and publication of these plays. The treasonous plots and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots in the 1580s, as well as the failed Essex Rebellion of 1601, resulted in a sensitivity towards any writings that seemed to support a coup d'état. Shakespeare, being a well-informed and fairly well-connected playwright, wrote passages in the afore mentioned plays that clearly reflect the political turmoil of the times. Thus, his plays were censored both on stage and in print until after the death of Elizabeth in 1603.

Women in Eighteenth Century London: Female Coming of Age in Frances Burney’s Evelina, Cecilia, and The Witlings

The late eighteenth-century author Frances Burney is best known for popularizing the “comedy of manners,” a literary style later adopted by Jane Austen. Burney’s novels, journals, and plays offer an intriguing commentary on contemporary social customs and etiquette. In particular, she voices the concerns and desires of women, leading scholars to focus on the feminist overtones of her writing. Although she carefully examined female roles in the household and family structure, Burney also provided an insider’s perspective into London high life. As an acclaimed author and member of the royal court, Burney offers a rare insight into the lives of the urban elite. For these reasons, I have chosen to examine three of her works within the context of their London setting. In Evelina, Cecilia, and The Witlings, Burney examines women’s struggle for independence against the backdrop of the city. These works offer a new interpretation of the female Bildungsroman, or coming of age story. Burney shows how London life influences her heroines’ expectations, ambitions and desires. Evelina’s coming of age centers around the quest for family and social acceptance, while the two Cecilias of Cecilia and The Witlings confront the financial pressures that accompany their inheritance. Ultimately, the three protagonists learn important lessons that are specific to city life. Although Burney concludes each story with the heroine’s marriage, her focus is not on romance, as has been suggested, but on the cultural landscape of the city. Coming of age in her stories is inextricably connected to the diverse challenges and opportunities presented to urban women.

Theme for English A, B and E: An Anthology of Identity in Cape Town, South Africa

This collection of poetry from grade 11 students in Cape Town, South Africa seeks to explore self-identity in South African high school students. In reading through their personal work, one can identify four ways in which these students define themselves: using self-promotion, or a display of personal strength; self-doubt, or moments of vulnerability; self-exploration, or the literary journey students take to define and explore their lives; and self-definition through social issues, or the examining of important social issues in South Africa and how they play into the lives of students. This anthology and literary analysis explores life-defining issues that are unique to South African high school students using these four criteria and ponders the distinctness of these issues through poetry.

Héroe y gente en el resurgimiento italiano : el caso Garibaldi

Desde 1861 hasta hoy, aunque con interpretaciones muy diferentes, Garibaldi es un ícono de la historia italiana y ha sido y es la opción ideal del héroe que luchó por la unificación de Italia, por la libertad de los otros pueblos, al representar siempre un modelo de personaje funcional en perspectiva pedagógica para la dimensión unitaria del país. Se desencadenó así un proceso sociológico de identificación a través de las imágenes y un registro de la memoria que ha encontrado su desarrollo en la epopeya garibaldina de la Primera Guerra Mundial y más tarde en la epopeya de la Resistencia. La leyenda garibaldina se transmitió, además, a través de la literatura, gracias a escritores como Edmundo de Amicis, a través del cual se puede apreciar el elogio del patrimonio cultural que representan los grandes escritores del pasado, como humus de la alcanzada unidad del país. Después de su muerte, la iconografía monumental intentará enviar un mensaje de unidad política de los italianos, erigiendo estatuas en las que se representan a Garibaldi y a Vittorio Emanuele, ambos a caballo, con la idea simbólica de un encuentro entre la revolución democrática de uno y el centralismo monárquico del otro.

Transmisión oral en la narrativa española contemporánea : Un recurso para la construcción de la memoria de la Guerra Civil y del franquismo

Se propone la descripción y el análisis del empleo de la transmisión oral en la narrativa española actual como un recurso para configurar la memoria de la Guerra Civil española y del franquismo. Para ello se atendió especialmente a las estrategias que intervienen en la representación de la oralidad en relación con los diálogos y los relatos orales, entre otros procedimientos a través de los cuales se transmite el pasado traumático dentro de la ficción. Ha sido analizada la representación de la oralidad en la producción narrativa ficcional de diversos autores españoles de finales del siglo XX y comienzos del siglo XXI que han abordado la temática de la Guerra Civil en una situación particular en cuanto al surgimiento de replanteos y debates acerca del tratamiento del conflicto bélico. Los objetivos generales que guiaron el trabajo han sido indagar la presencia y la función de la transmisión oral en la literatura, profundizar el estudio de la oralidad como voz emergente de colectivos sociales desplazados y analizar la funcionalidad del empleo de la oralidad en textos representativos de la narrativa española contemporánea. A su vez, más específicamente, se propuso profundizar en el estudio de la ficcionalización de la transmisión oral como un artificio para la construcción de la memoria en la narrativa española actual, vincular las posibilidades de transmisión de la historia de la Guerra Civil española con medios propios de la historia oral en la literatura -especialmente en la novela-, problematizar determinadas perspectivas sobre el testimonio en la medida en que son literaturizadas para una concepción de la memoria de la Guerra Civil, de la posguerra y de la dictadura, y estudiar algunas miradas contemporáneas acerca de la Guerra Civil y del franquismo desde el campo de la narrativa como un correlato de ciertos reclamos sociales de la actualidad respecto del pasado reciente. Para esto fueron analizadas diversas propuestas que surgieron esencialmente desde la literatura -con algún detenimiento en un texto fílmico- para abordar el pasado traumático y se consideraron las técnicas de transmisión empleadas para la narración ficcional de aspectos largamente silenciados por la historia oficial. El corpus central de textos literarios ha quedado conformado por O lapis do carpinteiro y Os libros arden mal, de Manuel Rivas, Guárdame bajo tierra, de Ramón Saizarbitoria, Soldados de Salamina, de Javier Cercas, Home sen nome, de Suso de Toro, y Mala gente que camina, de Benjamín Prado. Como corpus complementario, se tornó pertinente incorporar un capítulo que articula un texto fílmico (Muerte en El Valle, de Christina Hardt) con un texto literario (Las esquinas del aire. En busca de Ana María Martínez Sagi, de Juan Manuel de Prada). Esto, que en principio puede parecer un apartamiento del corpus central, favoreció el análisis del tratamiento del testimonio desde la estetización de un texto fílmico o literario. Al realizar la selección, se estudiaron, junto con autores que escriben y publican en castellano, algunos textos escritos originariamente en lenguas minorizadas (gallego y euskera)

Novela histórica y responsabilidad social del escritor : El camino trazado por Benjamín Prado en Mala gente que camina

Desde el final de la dictadura franquista muy notable es el número de novelas cuya temática ha seguido circunscribiéndose a la Guerra Civil y sus consecuencias. La continuidad del tema -que arranca en pleno conflicto- no sólo obedece a que aún vivan muchos de quienes padecieron los años de la posguerra, sino también a que es un tema axial de nuestro devenir y, por extensión, del siglo XX. En nuestra literatura, ocuparse de la guerra continúa siendo más compromiso que evasión y, sobre todo, es sentido de la responsabilidad de los escritores hacia nuestra sociedad. En el caso de la novela histórica, ésta ha recuperado pasajes ausentes en el discurso historiográfico hegemónico que nos ha sido transmitido, como demuestra, a modo de paradigma, una excelente novela de la que nos ocupamos aquí: Mala gente que camina (2006), de Benjamín Prado, que aborda y desvela, entre otros, el asunto de los niños rojos robados por el franquismo.