L’atenció a les víctimes de violència de gènere: Un estudi de les variables rellevants per a la intervenció psicosocial

Aquesta investigació s’inscriu dins del marc de l’atenció a les víctimes de violència de gènere que ofereix l’oficina d’atenció a la víctima de Lleida, depenent del Departament de Justícia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. L’entrada en vigor de la llei 27/03 reguladora de l’Ordre de Protecció de les víctimes de violència domèstica, així com les últimes modificacions de textos legals han pogut propiciar, junt amb el ressò social d’aquest fenomen, un canvi en el perfil de les víctimes de violència de gènere que s’atenen en aquestes oficines, fonamentalment pel que fa a variables de caire sociodemogràfic, com ara l’edat, la situació personal, familiar, laboral, etc. Encara que la major part de les víctimes ateses són més grans de 30 anys, al voltant d’una tercera part té menys de 30 anys. No s’ha trobat, però, que aquestes víctimes denunciïn més maltractament psíquic que físic (que implícitament porta aparellat maltractament psíquic), encara que triguen menys temps a denunciar el maltractament que les víctimes més grans. D’altra banda, es constata que només algunes de les variables sociodemogràfiques estudiades, en especial la situació laboral de les víctimes, la relació que mantenen amb l’agressor i el fet de tenir o no fills amb ells, resulten rellevants en relació a les mesures judicials adoptades com a conseqüència de la denúncia. La relació d’aquestes variables sociodemogràfiques amb les necessitats d’intervenció no resulten tan clares, molt probablement per l’efecte d’altres variables moduladores no tingudes en compte en el disseny com variables rellevants.

Feeding sources and natural infection of Belminus herreri (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from dwellings in Cesar, Colombia

Belminus herreri, originally described from specimens collected in Panama, was considered entirely silvatic until to 2000 when it was found for the first time in a domestic habitat in Colombia. In 2001, during a new search of houses in the Department of Cesar, Colombia, 121 specimens were collected. Study of their feeding sources using an ELISA test revealed that 96% of these specimens had fed on cockroaches (Blattidae). However, a small proportion of these B. herreri specimens also showed the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in their gut contents, suggesting a possible role for these insects in the epidemiology of Chagas disease.

Prevalence of blood parasites in Tyrannidae (flycatchers) in the Eastern plains of Colombia

Blood samples from 159 birds of the New-world family Tyrannidae (the flycatchers) from the eastern plains of Colombia, were examined for haematozoa parasites, in 1999-2000. Haematozoa were detected in six of 20 species. The overall prevalence was 10.1%. The most common parasites detected were microfilariae, followed by Trypanosoma and Plasmodium. The highest prevalence (9.6%) was found in the Ochre-bellied Flycatcher (Mionectes oleaginea). Mixed infections with more than one genus of blood parasite were rare and most infections encountered were of low intensity. The results of this study suggest an important role of ecologically diverse conditions determining composition, transmission, and prevalence of a blood parasite fauna, presumably through host interaction population density. Some new host parasite relationship records are presented.

Description of Lutzomyia (Helcocyrtomyia) tolimensis, a new species of phlebotomine sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Colombia

A description is presented of Lutzomyia tolimensis sp. nov., a new species of the subgenus Helcocyrtomyia, series sanguinaria. It was collected in dwellings, peridomestic environment and in nearby forest patches located in the foothills of the Andean Central Cordillera, where in 2004-2006 occurred the largest epidemic ever recorded of leishmaniasis in Colombia. The male of this species is differentiated from other members of the series sanguinaria based on the following combination of characters: (i) base of coxite with 0-3 subequal setae, (ii) spines of gonostyle organized in positions 2.1.2, (iii) spines inserted on distal half of gonostyle and (iv) relationship of alar indices. The female is recognized principally by the following characters: (i) palpomere V longer than III, (ii) length of labro-epipharynx and (iii) relationship of the alar indices.

La violencia contra la mujer en la pareja como factor asociado a una mala salud física y psíquica.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on women's physical and psychological health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Primary care centers in 3 Andalusian provinces. PATIENTS: A total of 425 women, aged 18 to 65 years, were recruited following the same randomisation process in 6 primary care centers. MEASUREMENTS: A self-administered structured questionnaire for this study was used to gather the information. As well as sociodemographic variables, the instrument included questions about IPV, physical health indicators (chronic disease and type, lifetime surgeries, days in bed), psychological health (psychological morbidity, use of tranquilizers, antidepressants, pain killers, alcohol and recreational drugs), self-perceived health and social support. RESULTS: Of 425 women, 31.5% ever experienced any type of partner violence. Women experiencing IPV were more likely to suffer a chronic disease. IPV was significantly associated with a number of adverse health outcomes, including spending more than 7 days in bed in the last three months (ORa=2.96; CI 95%, 1.00-8.76), psychological morbidity (ORa=2.68; CI 95%, 1.60-4.49) and worse self-perceived health (ORa=1.89; CI 95%, 1.04-3.43), after controlling for potential confounding variables. CONCLUSION: This study shows that ever experiencing IPV is associated with a worse psychological and self-perceived health. Physical injuries are not the only "evidence" of the presence of IPV. Primary health care professionals are in a privileged position to help women who are abused by their partners.

Social Determinants of Child Health in Colombia: Can Community Education Moderate the Effect of Family Characteristics?

Contextual effects on child health have been investigated extensively in previous research. However, few studies have considered the interplay between community characteristics and individual-level variables. This study examines the influence of community education and family socioeconomic characteristics on child health (as measured by height and weight-for-age Z-scores), as well as their interactions. We adapted the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) framework to the context of child health. Using data from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), weighted multilevel models are fitted since the data are not self-weighting. The results show a positive impact of the level of education of other women in the community on child health, even after controlling for individual and family socioeconomic characteristics. Different pathways through which community education can substitute for the effect of family characteristics on child nutrition are found. The interaction terms highlight the importance of community education as a moderator of the impact of the mother’s own education and autonomy, on child health. In addition, the results reveal differences between height and weight-for-age indicators in their responsiveness to individual and contextual factors. Our findings suggest that community intervention programmes may have differential effects on child health. Therefore, their identification can contribute to a better targeting of child care policies.

Representações de uma equipe de saúde acerca de planejamento familiar e esterilização feminina

Nesta investigação qualitativa, o objetivo foi captar as representações dos agentes de uma equipe de saúde sobre o planejamento familiar e a laqueadura tubária, bem como sobre os efeitos práticos delas sobre o trabalho da equipe. Utilizamos a dialética marxista e as representações sociais como referenciais. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e observações de algumas atividades dos agentes da equipe de saúde e foram submetidos à análise de discurso. O planejamento familiar e a laqueadura tubária foram considerados um direito das mulheres, entretanto, o exercício desse direito está prejudicado em face das limitações de acesso aos métodos contraceptivos de modo geral.

Hospitalização na óptica do acidentado de trânsito e de seu familiar-acompanhante

O trabalho descreve o contexto da hospitalização vivenciado pelo acidentado no trânsito e por seu familiar-acompanhante. Com abordagem qualitativa e norteada pela pesquisa convergente assistencial, a investigação realizou-se em um hospital de emergência em Fortaleza, Ceará, em 2004, com 14 pessoas - sete pacientes com trauma musculoesquelético e sete familiares acompanhantes. Na visão dos participantes, o momento da hospitalização é permeado pela depressão, ansiedade, tristeza, medo, preocupação, desinformação, destrato da equipe de saúde ao paciente e família, sendo exacerbado pelo trauma físico, dificuldades econômicas, sociais e implicações legais. De acordo com o princípio da integralidade, o cuidado ao vitimado no trânsito deve ser ampliado aos familiares, pois esses também sofrem danos quando deparam com morte súbita, traumas graves e seqüelas em pessoas significativas.

Cancer mortality in Europe, 2000-2004, and an overview of trends since 1975.

BACKGROUND: To update the pattern of cancer mortality in Europe. Materials and methods: We analysed cancer mortality in 34 European countries during 2000-2004, with an overview of trends in 1975-2004 using data from the World Health Organization. RESULTS: From 1990-1994 to 2000-2004, overall cancer mortality in the European Union declined from 185.2 to 168.0/100 000 (world standard, -9%) in men and from 104.8 to 96.9 (-8%) in women, with larger falls in middle age. Total cancer mortality trends were favourable, though to a variable degree, in all major European countries, including Russia, but not in Romania. The major determinants of these favourable trends were the decline of lung (-16%) and other tobacco-related cancers in men, together with the persistent falls in gastric cancer, and the recent appreciable falls in colorectal cancer. In women, relevant contributions came from the persistent decline in cervical cancer and the recent falls in breast cancer mortality, particularly in northern and western Europe. Favourable trends were also observed for testicular cancer, Hodgkin lymphomas, leukaemias, and other neoplasms amenable to treatment, though the reductions were still appreciably smaller in eastern Europe. CONCLUSION: This updated analysis of cancer mortality in Europe showed a persistent favourable trend over the last years.

A-1A Supplemental Security Income Program, November 2004

Supplemental Security Income Program

Traducción de la Ley federal alemana relativa a prestaciones y permisos parentales (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz) y análisis comparativo de la legislación española

En la UE existen diversas propuestas de nuevas políticas familiares para alcanzar la conciliación de la vida laboral con la familiar.La comparación de las principales novedades de la BEEG con la respectiva legislación española manifiesta las diferencias entre ambos países europeos en su reto de enfrentarse al problema común del envejecimiento poblacional.

Field Data Acquisition Technologies for Iowa Transportation Agencies, HR-366 August 1994

This report describes the results of the research project investigating the use of advanced field data acquisition technologies for lowa transponation agencies. The objectives of the research project were to (1) research and evaluate current data acquisition technologies for field data collection, manipulation, and reporting; (2) identify the current field data collection approach and the interest level in applying current technologies within Iowa transportation agencies; and (3) summarize findings, prioritize technology needs, and provide recommendations regarding suitable applications for future development. A steering committee consisting oretate, city, and county transportation officials provided guidance during this project. Technologies considered in this study included (1) data storage (bar coding, radio frequency identification, touch buttons, magnetic stripes, and video logging); (2) data recognition (voice recognition and optical character recognition); (3) field referencing systems (global positioning systems [GPS] and geographic information systems [GIs]); (4) data transmission (radio frequency data communications and electronic data interchange); and (5) portable computers (pen-based computers). The literature review revealed that many of these technologies could have useful applications in the transponation industry. A survey was developed to explain current data collection methods and identify the interest in using advanced field data collection technologies. Surveys were sent out to county and city engineers and state representatives responsible for certain programs (e.g., maintenance management and construction management). Results showed that almost all field data are collected using manual approaches and are hand-carried to the office where they are either entered into a computer or manually stored. A lack of standardization was apparent for the type of software applications used by each agency--even the types of forms used to manually collect data differed by agency. Furthermore, interest in using advanced field data collection technologies depended upon the technology, program (e.g.. pavement or sign management), and agency type (e.g., state, city, or county). The state and larger cities and counties seemed to be interested in using several of the technologies, whereas smaller agencies appeared to have very little interest in using advanced techniques to capture data. A more thorough analysis of the survey results is provided in the report. Recommendations are made to enhance the use of advanced field data acquisition technologies in Iowa transportation agencies: (1) Appoint a statewide task group to coordinate the effort to automate field data collection and reporting within the Iowa transportation agencies. Subgroups representing the cities, counties, and state should be formed with oversight provided by the statewide task group. (2) Educate employees so that they become familiar with the various field data acquisition technologies.

Los sitios web de legislación en el Mercosur: un análisis comparativo

El derecho a la información, que tiene implícito el derecho de acceso a la información, es un pilar fundamental del moderno Estado de Derecho. En el acceso a la información intervienen hoy procesos calificados de organización del conocimiento y de técnicas de recuperación de información, asociadas a las nuevas tecnologías. Las fuentes de información jurídica, en especial en lo que hace a las normas constitucionales y legislativas, deben ser de acceso libre, indiscriminado, gratuito y no restringido, garantizando los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos. Es responsabilidad de los Estados facilitar el acceso a esa información, a través de la publicidad de las normas. Internet es un vehículo adecuado para permitir la realización de los principios arriba mencionados del modo más amplio y democrático. En este trabajo se identifican y analizan los sitios oficiales de legislación de cada país integrante del Mercosur. Se caracterizan los sitios en función de parámetros que permitirán cuantificar y calificar el nivel de cumplimiento del principio de publicidad: normas disponibles, período abarcado, formas de acceso, costo, actualización, enlaces, modalidades de recuperación temática, etc. Se realiza un análisis comparativo, se muestran y comentan los resultados y se lleva a cabo una evaluación general.

Enquesta sobre l’ús i la satisfacció de les biblioteques de la UPC per part dels estudiants. Curs 2004-2005

Amb l’objectiu de conèixer de primera mà l’ús de les instal·lacions, la utilització dels serveis i recursos bibliogràfics i el grau de satisfacció que aquests es mereixen per part dels estudiants, el Servei de Biblioteques i Documentació (SBD) de la UPC realitza cada dos anys, des del curs 1994/95, l’enquesta sobre l’ús i la satisfacció de les biblioteques per part dels estudiants.L’enquesta de satisfacció s’ha tornat a passar durant el curs 2004/05, deixant un curs d’interval des de la darrera edició, per tal d’analitzar l’evolució de l’ús de serveis i recursos i de la satisfacciódels nostres usuaris i avaluar les millores introduïdes per cadascuna de les biblioteques a partir dels resultats obtinguts en les edicions anteriors de l’enquesta realitzades durant el període dedurada del programa Paideia (2000-2005).Igual que en les edicions precedents, els resultats de totes les enquestes s’han treballat conjuntament tot i que cada biblioteca disposa dels seus resultats locals per tal de planificar i dur a terme actuacions que ajudin a millorar el bon funcionament de la biblioteca. El document que a continuació es presenta recull els resultats globals obtinguts en la sisena Enquesta sobre l’ús i la satisfacció de les biblioteques per part dels estudiants. Aquesta actuació ha estat supervisada pels bibliotecaris de les biblioteques de la UPC que donen suport als serveis d’aprenentatge i coordinada per la Unitat de Recursos per a l’Aprenentatge dels Serveis Generalsde Biblioteques.

La violencia doméstica contra las mujeres y el desarrollo de estándares normativos de derechos humanos en el Consejo de Europa

La violencia doméstica contra las mujeres constituye una forma de discriminación basada exclusivamente en el género que impide a un amplio sector de la población europea disfrutar plenamente de los derechos que le son internacionalmente reconocidos. Pese a la dimensión paneuropea del problema y a su compromiso de salvaguardar y dar la mayor efectividad a los derechos humanos, el Consejo de Europa ha evitado durante años imponer obligaciones jurídicas internacionales a los Estados en relación con la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres, incluida la violencia doméstica (excepción hecha de las disposiciones del Convenio europeo de derechos humanos, aunque se aplicaban sin tener en cuenta un enfoque de género). Sin embargo, ante los insuficientes resultados obtenidos se ha considerado necesario disponer de un tratado europeo en la materia, la Convención sobre la prevención y la lucha contra la violencia contra las mujeres y la violencia doméstica, que establece un marco integral de actuación sobre la base de los principios de igualdad y no discriminación y de diligencia debida.