994 resultados para Taxa de Retorno Aparente
Resumo:
Para compreender as lesões desportivas (LD) é necessário quantificá-las, associando-as a fatores causais particulares ao esporte. Contudo, faltam registros sobre tais agravos nas instituições esportivas, sobretudo no atletismo brasileiro, em que poucos clubes possuem serviços de assistência à saúde. Na ausência de tais registros, estudos na área de saúde pública, utilizam-se de outros recursos epidemiológicos para coletas, tais como os inquéritos de morbidade referida. A partir dessa escassez de informações e a facilidade de obtenção de dados junto aos próprios atletas, objetivou-se, para esta pesquisa, levantar informações sobre LD referidas por atletas de alto rendimento, retrocedendo em oito meses, e compará-las com os registros de prontuários clínicos. Para tanto, foram tomados 25 atletas de elite, 16 do gênero masculino e nove do feminino, com idade de 25,7 ± 4,4 anos, altura de 1,74 ± 0,10m, peso 70,4 ± 13,15kg e tempo médio de treinamento de 8,38 ± 4,06 anos. Dois fisioterapeutas foram treinados separadamente para coletar informações sobre LD. Um deles em prontuários e o outro dos próprios atletas, através de entrevista (inquéritos de morbidade referida - IMR). Estudo de concordância de respostas para as duas formas de coleta foi realizado pelo teste da proporção binomial, estabelecendo-se limites de 95% de confiança para a concordância. Os resultados mostraram que em todas as variáveis estudadas os valores estavam dentro dos limites de confiança estabelecidos pelos testes estatísticos, sendo: 88,33% para as variáveis tipo de lesão ou agravo e mecanismo de lesão ou aumento dos sintomas, 90% para a variável qualidade do retorno às atividades desportivas e 91,67% para as variáveis local anatômico e período de treinamento. Concluiu-se que houve elevada taxa de concordância entre as informações levantadas, mostrando a eficácia do IMR para a coleta de informações sobre lesões desportivas para a população investigada.
Resumo:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the intake and digestibility of diets containing increasing levels of byproduct of cashew in sheep. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design were evaluated in four levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) by product of cashew with four replicates, making up 16 observations. The indicator used was the Purified Lignin and Enriched - LIPE ®. The scorer was orally administered directly into the mouth of the animals, in the form of capsules 250mg/animal/dia for a period of two days and five days of adaptation samples being the same supplied with the aid of a hose polyethylene and a device allowing the release of the capsule in the esophagus of sheep. With the estimate made by the indicator LIPE was observed a reduction for DM, OM, CP, NDF, EE, NFC and MM along the inclusion of byproduct of cashew. The results of nutrient digestibility were not satisfactory with the inclusion of byproduct of cashew, reducing linearly with the inclusion of the diets. The use of increasing levels of byproduct of cashew in the diets of sheep did not provide satisfactory results, it is not feasible to use the animals studied in this experiment
Resumo:
Hebb postulated that memory could be stored thanks to the synchronous activity of many neurons, building a neural assembly. Knowing of the importance of the hippocampal structure to the formation of new explicit memories, we used electrophysiological recording of multiple neurons to access the relevance of rate coding from neural firing rates in comparison to the temporal coding of neural assemblies activity in the consolidation of an aversive memory in rats. Animals were trained at the discriminative avoidance task using a modified elevated plus-maze. During experimental sessions, slow wave sleep periods (SWS) were recorded. Our results show an increase in the identified neural assemblies activity during post-training SWS, but not for the neural firing rate. In summary, we demonstrate that for this particular task, the relevant information needed for a proper memory consolidation lies within the temporal patters of synchronized neural activity, not in its firing rate
Resumo:
In this thesis I discuss the reproductive behaviour and ecology of the libellulid Diastatops obscura Fabricius, 1775, (Insecta: Odonata) in natural conditions. Populations of this species were studied on the middle stretch of the Pitimbu River, Parnamirim municipality, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, during four discontinuous periods between 2002 and 2004. The objectives include the description of strategies and behaviors of both sexes, with especial interest in the intra-male competition for territories and females, the mate selection by females and the importance of male body size and other secondary characters on their reproductive success; from an adaptationist point of view. It was observed that the behavior of males and females in the reproductive areas are interrelated : the males came earlier to compete for the best territories and the females waited the result of that competition to be fertilized by dominants males, which preferably occupied areas near the river margin. The reproductive success of males with territories on the margin, estimated by number of copulations, ovipositions and days acting as territorial, was better than obtained by more separated territorial males and by satellite males. The body size of males is an important factor for the copulation and oviposition taxes and for the number of territorial days, favoring the biggest individuals. I also discuss the apparently importance of wing brilliance and wing integrity on male reproductive success. On inter-sexual relationships, I proved that females of D. obscura participate in mate selection, rejecting non-territorial males or substituting their sperm for other of higher status
Resumo:
The wide distribution along the Brazilian coast of specie Sotalia guianensis has been growing interest in searchers on the ecology of this species, addition to commercial interests by whalewatching. This work described the accoustic repertory of S. guianensis and their behavior associated and found if underwater noises affect this repertorie in Pipa-RN. It were analyzed 18:49h of recordings maked between april and june/2009. It were found 3258 whistles, 289 calls, 873 clicks and no gargle. The frequencies range of guiana dolphins was 1 a 48kHz and may be related to system response recorder and population s regionalization. The frequencies overlaps the noise made by motorboats, schooners and water bomb. The behavior travelling ocurred siletly in 72,58% and socialization presented no sound (56,4%) and presence of sound (43,6%). This great absence of sound may be relacioned to saving energy, probably because in this behaviors they can use physical and visual contacts. The foraging presented highest records of all class noise with 46,84% clicks, 33,84% whistles and 9,02% calls. All this sounds occurred differently in each behavior (travelling: x2 = 134,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001; foraging: x2 = 19,83 df = 3 p= 0,00018 and socialization x2 = 60,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001). It was possible to determine that underwater noise cause changes in the repertorie and does a considerable increase in whistle s number and reduce clicks. Also occurs changes in some whistles (FI: t=2,42, p=0,015; FF: t= -2,22, p=0,025), calls (FMI: t= -3,13, p=0,001; FMA: t= -3,49, p=0,0005; FD: t= -2,21, p=0,027; D: t=2,89, p=0,004) and clicks parameters (D: t= -3,85, p=0,0001; I: t= -5,32, p=0,0001) during presence of noise. These changes may be a strategy of these animals to win this sound barrier. We can not say which noise has more impact, ix however the water bomb seems to affect more the clicks and the motorboats seems to affect the others sounds. Little is know about auditive sensibility of this specie, but daily exposure to this noise may cause damage and this specie appears to have residence. The specie conservation is necessary because the population already seems to suffer damage as decrease in length of stay, number of individuals entering the inlet and the apparent diminution in the foragind during vessels presence and control standards and ambiental education can help. So, we can advance in knowledge about the ecology of this specie especially when it come to bioacoustics and their behaviors associated and reveals some of the impacts that the noise have brought to this population
Resumo:
In this paper it is proposed an indirect method to evaluate the corrosion rate of an aluminum and zinc alloy in alkaline solution by using a well-known device for collecting gases over water. The hydrogen gas formation, a corrosion product, is monitored at different time intervals and associated with the alloy mass loss. It has been suggested that the students should work in groups, which may make feasible the social interaction among them and that results discussion may be done collectively under a professor orientation. This proposal may propitiate the learning of terminology and involved concepts as well as contribute to a better understanding of corrosion phenomena that occur in their everyday life.
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo na densidade do solo nas suas propriedades químicas e na atividade microbiana em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol). As amostras de solo foram retiradas de parcelas dos seguintes tratamentos: cerrado denso preservado, pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens degradada (20 anos), plantio direto com rotação de culturas (8 anos) e sistema convencional com rotação de culturas anuais (10 anos). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições. O uso contínuo de plantio direto resultou em mais alta taxa de C-biomassa microbiana e menor perda relativa de carbono pela respiração basal, podendo determinar, desta forma, maior acúmulo de C no solo a longo prazo. Proporcionou, ainda, melhoria na densidade aparente e nas propriedades químicas do solo. Assim, o sistema plantio direto, com manejo de culturas, mostrou ser uma alternativa para a conservação e manutenção das condições físicas e do potencial produtivo de solos de cerrado.
Resumo:
Surfactant-polymer interactions are widely used when required rheological properties for specific applications, such as the production of fluids for oil exploration. Studies of the interactions of chitosan with cationic surfactants has attracted attention by being able to cause changes in rheological parameters of the systems making room for new applications. The commercial chitosan represents an interesting alternative to these systems, since it is obtained from partial deacetylation of chitin: the residues sites acetylated can then be used for the polymer-surfactant interactions. Alkyl ethoxylated surfactants can be used in this system, since these non-ionic surfactants can interact with hydrophobic sites of chitosan, modifying the rheology of solutions or emulsions resultants, which depends on the relaxation phenomenon occurring in these systems. In this work, first, inverse emulsions were prepared from chitosan solution as the dispersed phase and cyclohexane as the continuous phase were, using CTAB as a surfactant. The rheological analysis of these emulsions showed pronounced pseudoplastic behavior. This behavior was attributed to interaction of "loops" of chitosan chains. Creep tests were also performed and gave further support to these discussions. Subsequently, in order to obtain more information about the interaction of chitosan with non-ionic surfactants, solutions of chitosan were mixed with C12E8 and and carried out rheological analysis and dynamic light scattering. The systems showed marked pseudoplastic behavior, which became less evident when the concentration of surfactant was increased. Arrhenius and KWW equations were used to obtain parameters of the apparent activation energy and relaxation rate distribution, respectively, to which were connected to the content of surfactant and temperature used in this work
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a taxa de elocução com as rupturas da fluência em pessoas com taquifemia e comparar com pessoas sem taquifemia. MÉTODOS: Participaram dessa investigação 14 indivíduos na faixa etária de 8 a 40 anos e 11 meses de idade, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em dois grupos pareados por idade e gênero. O GI foi composto por sete pessoas com taquifemia e o GII por sete pessoas sem taquifemia. Um protocolo de avaliação da fluência da fala foi utilizado para obter e analisar a amostra de fala, que considera a frequência das disfluências e a taxa de elocução. RESULTADOS: Os dados indicaram que quanto maiores os fluxos de sílabas e de palavras por minuto, maior o número de rupturas na fala, tanto nas pessoas com taquifemia como nas pessoas sem taquifemia. Quanto à comparação entre os grupos, houve correlação tanto para sílabas por minuto como para palavras por minuto apenas no grupo de pessoas sem taquifemia. CONCLUSÃO: O grupo de taquifêmicos apresentou aumento na taxa de elocução e disfluências comuns excessivas. Nos dois grupos analisados ocorreu uma tendência em se obter maiores valores de disfluências comuns à medida que a taxa de elocução aumentava. Porém, na análise comparativa entre o grupo de pessoas com e sem taquifemia, a correlação foi significativa apenas no grupo de pessoas sem taquifemia.
Resumo:
Nowadays several electronics devices support digital videos. Some examples of these devices are cellphones, digital cameras, video cameras and digital televisions. However, raw videos present a huge amount of data, millions of bits, for their representation as the way they were captured. To store them in its primary form it would be necessary a huge amount of disk space and a huge bandwidth to allow the transmission of these data. The video compression becomes essential to make possible information storage and transmission. Motion Estimation is a technique used in the video coder that explores the temporal redundancy present in video sequences to reduce the amount of data necessary to represent the information. This work presents a hardware architecture of a motion estimation module for high resolution videos according to H.264/AVC standard. The H.264/AVC is the most advanced video coder standard, with several new features which allow it to achieve high compression rates. The architecture presented in this work was developed to provide a high data reuse. The data reuse schema adopted reduces the bandwidth required to execute motion estimation. The motion estimation is the task responsible for the largest share of the gains obtained with the H.264/AVC standard so this module is essential for final video coder performance. This work is included in Rede H.264 project which aims to develop Brazilian technology for Brazilian System of Digital Television
Resumo:
Este trabalho aborda o problema de otimização em braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose no tratamento de pacientes com câncer, com vistas à definição do conjunto de tempos de parada. A técnica de solução adotada foi a Transgenética Computacional apoiada pelo método L-BFGS. O algoritmo desenvolvido foi empregado para gerar soluções não denominadas cujas distribuições de dose fossem capazes de eiminar o câncer e ao mesmo tempo preservar as regiões normais
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a cistatina C como marcador de função renal em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea, comparando com a dosagem sérica de creatinina. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 50 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. A função renal foi avaliada com a dosagem sérica de cistatina C e de creatinina no pré-operatório, no primeiro e no quinto dia de pós-operatório. Foram utilizadas as fórmulas de Cockcroft-Gault (CG) e Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) para calcular a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFG) através da creatinina, e a fórmula de Larsson para a TFG estimada através da cistatina C (TFG-Cis). RESULTADOS: A creatinina e o TFG através das fórmulas de CG e MDRD não mostraram diferença significativa nos momentos estudados. Após a agressão renal pela cirurgia, houve um aumento da cistatina C no 1º e 5º pós-operatório, sendo que no 5º pós-operatório com diferença estatisticamente significativa (P < 0,01). Houve uma queda da TFG estimada pela cistatina C de 105,2 ± 41,0 ml/min, no pré-operatório, para 89,5 ± 31,5 ml/min no 5º dia pós-operatório (P < 0,012). CONCLUSÃO: A cistatina C e a TFG-Cis apresentaram mudanças significativas no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio quando comparadas a creatinina e a respectiva TFG estimada pelas fórmulas de Cockcroft-Gault e MDRD
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)