Observations on Software Testing Practice

This thesis investigates factors that affect software testing practice. The thesis consists of empirical studies, in which the affecting factors were analyzed and interpreted using quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the Delphi method was used to specify the scope of the thesis. Secondly, for the quantitative analysis 40industry experts from 30 organizational units (OUs) were interviewed. The survey method was used to explore factors that affect software testing practice. Conclusions were derived using correlation and regression analysis. Thirdly, from these 30 OUs, five were further selected for an in-depth case study. The data was collected through 41 semi-structured interviews. The affecting factors and their relationships were interpreted with qualitative analysis using grounded theory as the research method. The practice of software testing was analyzed from the process improvement and knowledge management viewpoints. The qualitative and quantitativeresults were triangulated to increase the validity of the thesis. Results suggested that testing ought to be adjusted according to the business orientation of the OU; the business orientation affects the testing organization and knowledge management strategy, and the business orientation andthe knowledge management strategy affect outsourcing. As a special case, the complex relationship between testing schedules and knowledge transfer is discussed. The results of this thesis can be used in improvingtesting processes and knowledge management in software testing.

On Effort Estimation in Software Projects

Software engineering is criticized as not being engineering or 'well-developed' science at all. Software engineers seem not to know exactly how long their projects will last, what they will cost, and will the software work properly after release. Measurements have to be taken in software projects to improve this situation. It is of limited use to only collect metrics afterwards. The values of the relevant metrics have to be predicted, too. The predictions (i.e. estimates) form the basis for proper project management. One of the most painful problems in software projects is effort estimation. It has a clear and central effect on other project attributes like cost and schedule, and to product attributes like size and quality. Effort estimation can be used for several purposes. In this thesis only the effort estimation in software projects for project management purposes is discussed. There is a short introduction to the measurement issues, and some metrics relevantin estimation context are presented. Effort estimation methods are covered quite broadly. The main new contribution in this thesis is the new estimation model that has been created. It takes use of the basic concepts of Function Point Analysis, but avoids the problems and pitfalls found in the method. It is relativelyeasy to use and learn. Effort estimation accuracy has significantly improved after taking this model into use. A major innovation related to the new estimationmodel is the identified need for hierarchical software size measurement. The author of this thesis has developed a three level solution for the estimation model. All currently used size metrics are static in nature, but this new proposed metric is dynamic. It takes use of the increased understanding of the nature of the work as specification and design work proceeds. It thus 'grows up' along with software projects. The effort estimation model development is not possible without gathering and analyzing history data. However, there are many problems with data in software engineering. A major roadblock is the amount and quality of data available. This thesis shows some useful techniques that have been successful in gathering and analyzing the data needed. An estimation process is needed to ensure that methods are used in a proper way, estimates are stored, reported and analyzed properly, and they are used for project management activities. A higher mechanism called measurement framework is also introduced shortly. The purpose of the framework is to define and maintain a measurement or estimationprocess. Without a proper framework, the estimation capability of an organization declines. It requires effort even to maintain an achieved level of estimationaccuracy. Estimation results in several successive releases are analyzed. It isclearly seen that the new estimation model works and the estimation improvementactions have been successful. The calibration of the hierarchical model is a critical activity. An example is shown to shed more light on the calibration and the model itself. There are also remarks about the sensitivity of the model. Finally, an example of usage is shown.

Rendimiento matemático en contextos bilingües: análisis de la incidencia de algunas variables del contexto socio-educativo

El trabajo que se presenta en este artículo se sitúa en el contexto bilingüe de la provincia de Lleida en la que coexisten dos lenguas en contacto, el catalán y el castellano, si bien existe un predominio de uso familiar y escolar de la primera de ellas. En este contexto, nuestro estudio analiza cómo influyen en el rendimiento en matemáticas las variables del contexto educativo de condición lingüística familiar y situación socio-profesional de la familia, así como las variables individuales de conciente intelectual y autoconcepto matemático. Los resultados globales muestran, en primer lugar, la importancia del lenguaje como instrumento mediador de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos, ya que el rendimiento de los alumnos en esta área curricular está en función del dominio y el uso de la lengua vehicular de la enseñanza —el catalán—. En segundo lugar, se constata una correlación significativa entre el rendimiento matemático y las variables individuales de cociente intelectual y el autoconcepto sobre el propio rendimiento matemático.

A Semantic wiki for quality management in software development projects

Quality management has become a strategic issue for organisations and is very valuable to produce quality software. However, quality management systems (QMS) are not easy to implement and maintain. The authors' experience shows the benefits of developing a QMS by first formalising it using semantic web ontologies and then putting them into practice through a semantic wiki. The QMS ontology that has been developed captures the core concepts of a traditional QMS and combines them with concepts coming from the MPIu'a development process model, which is geared towards obtaining usable and accessible software products. Then, the ontology semantics is directly put into play by a semantics-aware tool, the Semantic MediaWiki. The developed QMS tool is being used for 2 years by the GRIHO research group, where it has manages almost 50 software development projects taking into account the quality management issues. It has also been externally audited by a quality certification organisation. Its users are very satisfied with their daily work with the tool, which manages all the documents created during project development and also allows them to collaborate, thanks to the wiki features.

Un modelo de educación trilingüe. El sistema educativo del Valle de Áran. Descripción, actitudes y perspectivas

La comarca del Valle de Arán se encuentra situada en el extremo noroccidental de la provincia de Lleida, en plenos Pirineos. En las últimas décadas, este territorio se encuentra inmerso en un proceso de transformación cultural. La situación viene marcada por varios aspectos: a) un fuerte incremento de población, proveniente principalmente de la inmigración; b) la coexistecia en el territorio de tres lenguas oficiales: el occitano-aranés, como lengua propia de la comarca, el catalán y el castellano, y c) una situación de contacto entre lenguas y culturas bastante diferenciadas. El artículo presenta el proceso de transformación que ha sufrido el sistema educativo en el Valle de Arán en los últimos 20 años, caracterizado principalmente por el paso de un modelo de educación monolingüe a un modelo de educación trilingüe.

Escuela y minorías. Inmigrantes y gitanos ante el modelo educativo español

Entre los grupos anteriores existe un elevado interés por la conservación de la cultura propia y la tradición. Cada uno adopta diferentes estrategias, ante una sociedad que no siente como propia, según los objetivos que tiene para sus hijos. De esta forma encontramos desde a los que no tienen ningún interés por convivir escolarmente con otras culturas, segregacionistas, a aquellos que quieren mantener la tradición y la cultura con los mínimos cambios posibles y que, a la vez, no creen que deba ser conocido por otras personas que no pertenecen a su colectivo, tradicionalistas, hasta a aquellos que a pesar de querer mantener sus particularidades las minimizan, mimetizan, a cambio de movilidad social, asimilacionistas. Pero, cuando se les valora socialmente su cultura y su presencia en la escuela se muestran a favor, pensando que a la larga esta presencia y aceptación puede evitar que sea necesario esconder su adscripción. Otros grupos se han situado dentro del reconocimiento y valoración de su cultura, pero con diferentes niveles de expectativas que han sido corregidas, respecto a lo anteriormente expuesto, por la edad prevista de finalización de los estudios. Desde los conformados con los estudios básicos, e incluso, los que no creen necesaria su finalización y que reivindican la presencia del caló o romaní en la escuela, a los que tienen unas expectativas más elevadas y útiles, manteniendo la cultura aparte y piensan que no debe enseñarse a todos los alumnos. Una formación profesional les resulta más interesante por la mayor practicidad y porque determinadas profesiones que payos y españoles no quieren pueden ser un mercado potencial para ellos. El último grupo situaría su expectativa en un nivel educativo superior, la universidad, considerando que les puede suponer movilidad social, pero reduciendo importancia a la inmediata utilidad que otros han destacado. También su lengua o cultura, a las que no están dispuestos a renunciar, deben seguir estando presentes en todo el proceso y apreciarían que formase parte del currículo escolar. Hemos considerado que la educación intercultural se define como una educación en que la escuela debe formar y fortalecer los valores de igualdad, respeto y pluralismo, en que se reconoce el derecho personal de cada alumno a recibir una educación diferenciada cuidando su identidad , en que se reconocen las culturas y lenguas, en que se intentan superar los estereotipos y prejuicios, etcétera. Este modelo de educación puede suponer una respuesta a unas demandas de las minorías que la escuela no con sigue satisfacer. En definitiva, una escuela que siga el modelo intercultural puede igualar expectativas y evitar que algunos piensen que la escuela sirve para poco y , además, interfiere. Pero, esto también dependerá de las miras que se tenga del futuro laboral que se quiere para sus hijos, si la idea es reproducir muchas de las ocupaciones que actualmente realizan o roles que actualmente asumen, por ejemplo según el género, difícilmente el nivel educativo deseado se incrementará.. A partir de todo lo expuesto es necesario aproximar la escuela a las minorías étnicas con todos los medios necesarios y buscar otras estrategias de captación, de seducción, de estas minorías y sobre todo de los gitanos para que crean que la escuela es también su escuela.

Observations on Software Project Deviations

Software projects have proved to be troublesome to be implemented and as the size of software keeps increasing it is more and more important to follow-up the projects. The proportion of succeeded software projects is still quite low in spite of the research and the development of the project control methodologies. The success and failure factors of projects are known, as well as the project risks but nevertheless the projects still have problems with keeping the schedule and the budget and achieving the defined functionality and adequate quality. The purpose of this thesis was to find out what deviations are there in projects at the moment, what causes them, and what is measured in projects. Also project deviation was defined in the viewpoint of literature and field experts. The analysis was made using a qualitative research approach. It was found out that there are still deviations in software projects with schedule, budget, quality, requirements, documenting, effort, and resources. In addition also changes in requirements were identified. It was also found out that for example schedule deviations can be affected by reducing the size of a task and adding measurements.

Agile Methods in Small Software Projects

Agile software development methods are attempting to provide an answer to the software development industry's need of lighter weight, more agile processes that offer the possibility to react to changes during the software development process. The objective of this thesis is to analyze and experiment the possibility of using agile methods or practices also in small software projects, even in projects containing only one developer. In the practical part of the thesis a small software project was executed with some agile methods and practices that in the theoretical part of the thesis were found possible to be applied to the project. In the project a Bluetooth proxy application that is run in the S60 smartphone platform and PC was developed further to contain some new features. As a result it was found that certain agile practices can be useful even in the very small projects. The selection of the suitable practices depends on the project and the size of the project team.

PuzleFotoApp

Memòria del projecte final de carrera de l'aplicació PuzleFotoApp. Aquesta aplicació és un joc educatiu (pel sistema operatiu Android) que permet resoldre puzles lliscants.

Análisis, diseño y desarrollo de una aplicación bajo software libre destinado a emprendimientos dedicados a la producción de leche en la sierra ecuatoriana

En esta memoria final se encuentra embebida la investigación realizada para poder generar una aplicación web que permite registrar los procesos realizados para la producción de leche en el Cantón Cayambe de la provincia de Pichincha en Ecuador.

An open source browser-based software tool for graph drawing and visualisation

In this research work we searched for open source libraries which supports graph drawing and visualisation and can run in a browser. Subsequent these libraries were evaluated to find out which one is the best for this task. The result was the d3.js is that library which has the greatest functionality, flexibility and customisability. Afterwards we developed an open source software tool where d3.js was included and which was written in JavaScript so that it can run browser-based.

PracticaClic

El projecte va dirigit a fomentar l'aprenentatge fora de les aules, que tingui lloc en qualsevol part i en qualsevol moment, on l'estudiant pugui obtenir més coneixement d'una matèria obligatòria determinada. PracticaClic és un sistema educatiu que va dirigit a nens i nenes de primària, i en concret, en la matèria de les matemàtiques.

WorkCol : Software colaborativo

La finalidad de este proyecto es desarrollar un espacio colaborativo donde poder compartir y gestionar conocimiento.

VariScan Software

VariScan is a software package for the analysis of DNA sequence polymorphisms at the whole genome scale. Among other features, the software:(1) can conduct many population genetic analyses; (2) incorporates a multiresolution wavelet transform-based method that allows capturing relevant information from DNA polymorphism data; and (3) it facilitates the visualization of the results in the most commonly used genome browsers.