Transformative Political Spaces? Asambleas Populares, Identity, Alliances and Belonging in Buenos Aires

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions

Continuing economic turbulence has fuelled debates about social and political reform as much as it has stimulated actions and initiatives aimed at a more fundamental transition of dominant economic systems. This paper takes a transition perspective to explore, from a Western European viewpoint, how the economic crisis is actually viewed through a variety of interpretations and responded to through a range of practices. We argue that framing societal phenomena such as the economic crisis as "symptoms of transition" through alternative narratives and actions can give rise to the potential for (seemingly) short-term pressures to become game changers. Game changers are then defined as the combination of: specific events, the subsequent or parallel framing of events in systemic terms by engaged societal actors, and (eventually) the emergence of (diverse) alternative narratives and practices (in response to the systemic framing of events). Game changers, when understood in these terms, help to orient, legitimize, guide, and accelerate deep changes in society. We conclude that such dynamics in which game changers gain momentum might also come to play a critical role in transitions. Therefore, we argue for developing a better understanding of and methodologies to further study the coevolutionary dynamics associated with game changers, as well as exploring the implications for governance.

The Meanings of New Money: Social Constructions of Value in the Rise of Digital Currencies

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-07

Dialectique des regards - l’autre et la construction du récit de soi dans l’auto-filmage pathographique

Le présent mémoire entend analyser la pratique de l’auto-filmage dans deux films : La Pudeur ou l’impudeur (Hervé Guibert) et Tarnation (Jonathan Caouette). Nous regroupons ces long-métrages sous l’étiquette « auto-filmage pathographique ». Le malade, s’émancipant de l’imagerie médicale et des pratiques cinématographiques institutionnelles, reprend l’image filmique à son compte, aidé en cela par une technologie toujours plus ergonomique. Cette résurgence de l’image du corps malade dans le champ social ne se fait pas sans heurt ; l’exposition de corps décharnés et agoniques convoque un imaginaire catastrophiste et contredit les rituels d’effacement du corps auxquels procède la société occidentale. La forme que prend le récit de soi dans l’auto-filmage pathographique dépend de la maladie qui affecte chaque créateur. Nous observons une redéfinition de la sincérité, en lien avec l’exercice autobiographique. Il s’agit d’utiliser, dans l’auto-filmage pathographique, certains procédés fictionnels pour créer un discours sur soi-même dont la véracité repose sur d’autres critères que ceux communément admis. L’auto-filmage pathographique suppose en ce sens un véritable changement d’attitude et la mise en place de techniques de soi. Il induit une forme de réconciliation avec sa propre identité physique et psychique. En cela, l’écriture filmique de soi est un agent transformateur de la vie et un exercice spirituel. Les réalisateurs ne sont cependant pas uniquement tournés vers eux-mêmes. Chacun inclut quelques privilégiés au coeur de sa démarche. Le soin de soi, dans l’auto-filmage pathographique, ne se désolidarise pas du soin des autres. Auto-filmage et caméra subjective entretiennent un lien dialectique qui donne son sens à l’auto-filmage pathographique et voit leur antagonisme éclater. L’individu s’auto-filmant n’est pas seul ; sa démarche n’est pas qu’un solipsisme. Elle se voit dépassée par l’émergence de l’autre dans le champ ou parfois même, sa prise en main de la caméra.

Discours sur la maison et dynamiques identitaires chez les Podokwo, Muktele et Mura (monts Mandara du Cameroun) Une approche à l’ethnicité et au statut social

Cette thèse examine les pratiques architecturales et les dynamiques identitaires chez les Podokwo, Muktele et Mura des monts Mandara (Cameroun). Elle s’organise autour de l’hypothèse-cadre selon laquelle la logique pratique et fonctionnelle de la construction, de l’extension et de la transformation d’une maison évolue en tandem avec des considérations d’ordre symbolique, notamment la production des sentiments ethniques (Hodder, 1982) et la quête du prestige social à l’intérieur de la communauté (Duncan, 1982 ; Roux, 1976). En partant de l’approche développée par des auteurs comme Ian Hodder (2012, 2006, 1999, 1982), Daniel Miller (2010, 2007, 2005, 2001, 1987), et Christophey Tilley (2010, 2006, 2004, 2002, 1999), je montre comment la maison, à travers ses multiples usages, devient porteuse de plusieurs appartenances identitaires à un niveau sociétal et individuel (Bromberger, 1980). Pour cela, j’ai porté mon attention, non seulement sur ce que les individus font avec la maison, mais aussi sur la manière dont celle-ci construit à son tour l’identité des individus (Miller, 2001 : 119). J’ai par ailleurs centrée mon analyse autour de quelques évènements clés survenus dans l’histoire des Podokwo, des Muktele et des Mura, en particulier la descente en plaine (1963), l’exode rural et le fonctionnariat (1980) et la transition démocratique (1990). Ces évènements influent sur les pratiques architecturales et sur les discours identitaires qui en sont les corolaires.

Global citizenship: an education or an identity?

This paper considers the recent focus on citizenship within education by taking curricular reform within Scottish secondary schooling and its linkage with higher education as a case study. In Scotland the Curriculum for Excellence reform places citizenship as one of four main capacities that pupils must work towards as part of their education. Likewise, there has been a move in within the Scottish higher education Enhancement Themes framework to include citizenship as part of graduate attributes that students work towards as they progress through their courses. A unifying theme in these reforms is the need for students to take a global perspective and work across different disciplines by, for example, considering how knowledge relates to wider issues such as in relation to sustainable development, e-democracy or human rights. One feature that unites these disparate areas is that, above all, students must learn to be active through the acquisition of appropriate knowledge and skills. In this model of citizenship education, learners are enabled to develop their sense of citizenship identity in response to a fast-paced world of innovation and change. Citizenship is therefore linked to a futurist agenda, where the learner-citizen is positioned as an ongoing project, as something to be worked at or perhaps worked on. However, this kind of notion of agency is an expression of an ideological construction of the citizen as a flexible resource for society. Such citizens are active in the sense of being adaptive to change through utilizing intellectual skills but without a sense of identity grounded in one’s commitments or reflexive engagement with different forms of understanding. The paper offers a critical assessment of this learner-citizen discourse as focusing on ratiocination rather than relational identity.

O processo de organização social do Grupo Herança Viva de Chapecó-SC e suas estratégias de ação conjunta

The consequences resulting from economic modernization model generated social and environmental imbalances, resulting in the exclusion and social isolation, perceived consequences in the agricultural sector. When studying social organizations, tends to see how they keep their forward cooperation processes all a company incorporated by the appreciation of individualism and competition. The overall objective for this research was to analyze the organizational dynamics of Agroecology Group Heritage Viva Chapecó, Santa Catarina, in order to identify the strengths and threats and collaborate in this way for preparation of action strategies for sustainability. The selected group is based on the principles of agroecology for the conduct of their agricultural production systems, avoiding the use of agrochemicals, proven through the use of participatory certification seal Ecovida Network, and the products sold mainly in street fairs in the city of chapecó. To fulfill such a proposal were consulted the minutes of meetings and questionnaires with farmers to assess the dynamics of cooperation among its members, through the understanding of their social capital and social network analysis (SNA). To extend the study of the group and its members was adopted methodological approach of action research where activities were developed to identify strengths and weaknesses and contribute to its organizational restructuring, resulting in the construction, carried out by farmers, the guiding principles of the Living Heritage Group will contribute to the decision-making and strengthen their identity. The survey also brought the group is inserted in the Social Transition Agroecology therefore change the current paradigm is not inserted only in the alternative model of production, but in the form of organization of social actors and their role in the marketing process of their products, in discussing the scenario of food supply chains.

Pinning Down Identity in Social Media: Food Cultural Transfer on Pinterest

This research has been conducted within the realm of where today’s digital media society and the timeless concept of cultural identity overlap. The aim of this thesis is to explore the nature of online cultural identity management. By focusing on the social media platform, Pinterest, this study considers the food-pinning behavior of a group of Americans living in Finland and connects their online actions with their cultural identity. Through an examination of Pinterest as a social space, and even a third place, the relative theoretical literature provides and interesting background for a contemporary discussion on the matter. Literature on food as a cultural marker is also brought into consideration. Using the methods of introspection and an adapted version of virtual ethnography, a study was conducted, and ultimately, the analysis of data obtained from the Pinterest boards of ten individuals shows that the vast majority of food-related information in this setting is US-sourced. A questionnaire provides further insight into the individuals’ Pinterest usage. I argue that pinning is an act of online identity management, whether it is a conscious act or a situational effect, and that using Pinterest maintains and even strengthens these individuals’ cultural identity as Americans. This study adds to current discussions pertaining to transnationalism, globalization, and online cultural identity, as well as opens channels for further research on this dynamic topic, which is needed to understand ourselves as cultural beings in the digital age.

La construction de relations de confiance au sein des équipes-écoles d’établissements en milieu autochtone du Québec selon les perceptions de leur direction

Résumé : La gestion des ressources humaines dans les écoles situées au sein de communautés autochtones est marquée par différents enjeux d’ordres social, culturel, ethnoculturel, économique et administratif qui impactent les pratiques de leurs directions. Ceux-ci touchent à tous les aspects de la gestion des écoles et peuvent être révélateurs d’un malaise dans l’encadrement des actrices et des acteurs à travers des structures administratives, juridiques, éducatives ou de gouvernance qui comportent des défis relationnels et interactionnels majeurs. Ce type de malaise peut moduler les actions des actrices et des acteurs des établissements et peut entrainer des impacts dans leurs relations, notamment au niveau de leurs relations de confiance, essentielles à la qualité de leurs actions communes. L’approfondissement de cette problématique porte essentiellement sur les conditions associées à la construction de la confiance qui sont de différents ordres, c’est-à-dire contextuel, institutionnel, organisationnel, relationnel ou individuel. Utilisant une approche qualitative, cette recherche repose sur vingt-trois entrevues semi-dirigées avec des directions d’établissement provenant de dix-sept communautés et de trois nations autochtones différentes. L’analyse est menée à partir d’une approche exploratoire constructiviste et interprétativiste. Les conclusions permettent de dégager que la construction de relations de confiance entre des actrices et des acteurs sont tributaires de conditions dans lesquelles s’inscrivent des dynamiques interactionnelles particulières. Influencées par le contexte autochtone singulier, ces conditions sont préalables aux actrices et aux acteurs ou associées à leurs comportements, attitudes, actions ou pratiques. Il apparait que ces dynamiques s’inscrivent dans une configuration des équipes-écoles se caractérisant par six catégories-types d’individus qui se déclinent selon leur origine et leur appartenance ou leur identité ethnique, à savoir les voyageurs autochtones et allochtones, les étrangers autochtones et allochtones et les natifs autochtones et allochtones. La meilleure compréhension de cette organisation conduit à une conception large de la configuration des dynamiques interactionnelles entre des individus et des groupes et entre des communautés d’individus. Ces individus s’affilient spécifiquement selon des identités ou des appartenances individuelles ou de groupe qui peuvent être de différents ordres soit particulièrement, mais non exclusivement, ethnique, linguistique, familial ou se rapportant à des croyances particulières.

A VOICE OF THEIR OWN: MUSIC AND SOCIAL COHESION IN TURKISH ALEVI LIFE

This dissertation examines the role that music has played in the expression of identity and revitalization of culture of the Alevis in Turkey, since the start of their sociocultural revival movement in the late 1980s. Music is central to Alevi claims of ethnic and religious difference—singing and playing the bağlama (Turkish folk lute) constitutes an expressive practice in worship and everyday life. Based on research conducted from 2012 to 2014, I investigate and present Alevi music through the lens of discourses on the construction of identity as a social and musical process. Alevi musicians perform a revived repertoire of the ritual music and folk songs of Anatolian bards and dervish-lodge poets that developed over several centuries. Contemporary media and performance contexts have blurred former distinctions between sacred and secular, yet have provided new avenues to build community in an urban setting. I compare music performances in the worship services of urban and small-town areas, and other community events such as devotional meetings, concerts, clubs, and broadcast and social media to illustrate the ways that participation—both performing and listening—reinforces identity and solidarity. I also examine the influence of these different contexts on performers’ musical choices, and the power of music to evoke a range of responses and emotional feelings in the participants. Through my investigation I argue that the Alevi music repertoire is not only a cultural practice but also a symbol of power and collective action in their struggle for human rights and self-determination. As Alevis have faced a redefined Turkish nationalism that incorporates Sunni Muslim piety, this music has gained even greater potency in their resistance to misrecognition as a folkloric, rather than a living, tradition.

Pinning Down Identity in Social Media: Food Cultural Transfer on Pinterest

This research has been conducted within the realm of where today’s digital media society and the timeless concept of cultural identity overlap. The aim of this thesis is to explore the nature of online cultural identity management. By focusing on the social media platform, Pinterest, this study considers the food-pinning behavior of a group of Americans living in Finland and connects their online actions with their cultural identity. Through an examination of Pinterest as a social space, and even a third place, the relative theoretical literature provides and interesting background for a contemporary discussion on the matter. Literature on food as a cultural marker is also brought into consideration. Using the methods of introspection and an adapted version of virtual ethnography, a study was conducted, and ultimately, the analysis of data obtained from the Pinterest boards of ten individuals shows that the vast majority of food-related information in this setting is US-sourced. A questionnaire provides further insight into the individuals’ Pinterest usage. I argue that pinning is an act of online identity management, whether it is a conscious act or a situational effect, and that using Pinterest maintains and even strengthens these individuals’ cultural identity as Americans. This study adds to current discussions pertaining to transnationalism, globalization, and online cultural identity, as well as opens channels for further research on this dynamic topic, which is needed to understand ourselves as cultural beings in the digital age.

The Discursive Construction of Japanese Identity and its Haunting Others

This dissertation examined the formation of Japanese identity politics after World War II. Since World War II, Japan has had to deal with a contradictory image of its national self. On the one hand, as a nation responsible for colonizing fellow Asian countries in the 1930s and 1940s, Japan has struggled with an image/identity as a regional aggressor. On the other hand, having faced the harsh realities of defeat after the war, Japan has seen itself depicted as a victim. By employing the technique of discourse analysis as a way to study identity formation through official foreign policy documents and news media narratives, this study reconceptualized Japanese foreign policy as a set of discursive practices that attempt to produce renewed images of Japan’s national self. The dissertation employed case studies to analyze two key sites of Japanese postwar identity formation: (1) the case of Okinawa, an island/territory integral to postwar relations between Japan and the United States and marked by a series of US military rapes of native Okinawan girls; and (2) the case of comfort women in Japan and East Asia, which has led to Japan being blamed for its wartime sexual enslavement of Asian women. These case studies found that it was through coping with the haunting ghost of its wartime past that Japan sought to produce “postwar Japan” as an identity distinct from “wartime imperial Japan” or from “defeated, emasculated Japan” and, thus, hoped to emerge as a “reborn” moral and pacifist nation. The research showed that Japan struggled to invent a new self in a way that mobilized gendered dichotomies and, furthermore, created “others” who were not just spatially located (the United States, Asian neighboring nations) but also temporally marked (“old Japan”). The dissertation concluded that Japanese foreign policy is an ongoing struggle to define the Japanese national self vis-à-vis both spatial and historical “others,” and that, consequently, postwar Japan has always been haunted by its past self, no matter how much Japan’s foreign policy discourses were trying to make this past self into a distant or forgotten other.

Undergraduate Social Education Student’s Perspectives about the Profession

Higher education institutions, responsible for training social educators, should ensure the construction of a profile marked by their technical versatility and whose socio-educational intervention is directed at all people, regardless of their situations in life. Reflection on the construction of this profile is fundamental given the difficulties of identity that the profession faces. In this context, we sought to develop a study which would allow us to identify how the students of a degree course in Social Education characterise this professional, in order to reflect on the contribution of training provided by the institution concerned and, if necessary, make the adjustments arising from the results. This is a qualitative, exploratory study, using an unstructured questionnaire applied to a convenience sample of 140 Portuguese students of the three years of a degree course in Social Education. Its emerging categorical content analysis was performed using the NVivo software, version 11. The main results point to a broad vision of the profession and are not limited to the work geared to specific populations or issues, valuing the relevance of the professional in the field of non-assistance socio-educational intervention. The main area of overlap between training objectives and students’ perceptions about practice allows the impact of training to be positively assessed, despite possible curricular adjustments resulting from further analysis, including the need to reinforce community intervention, undervalued by students, even though it plays a key role for social educators.

Valuing landscape identity of local inhabitants through a tourism discourse

Landscape, people and identity Landscape is about the interaction of a place or an area with people, which is reflected in the material interaction of people creating or shaping the landscape as well as in their mental perception, valuation and symbolic meaning of that landscape (Cosgrove 1998). This mutual and dynamic interaction forms the fundamental principle of the concept of landscape identity. Landscape identity has been described in scientific literature as a concept to bridge the physical, social and cultural aspects of landscapes. Also policy documents related with landscape and heritage (for example the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, the European Landscape Convention, the Faro Convention) are mentioning identity and landscape as key concepts. In those examples, landscape identity can refer to either the landscape itself - its features that makes the landscape unique (thus the landscape character), or to the social and personal construction. However, there is an interdependency between those two perspectives that needs to be conceptualised. Landscape identity is therefore defined as the multiple ways and dynamic relation between landscape and people (Loupa Ramos et al 2016).