Individuelle Religiosität im Spiegel der Repertory-Grid-Technik

Die Repertory-Grid-Technik (RGT) (vgl. Kelly, 1955; Scheer & Catina, 1993; Slater, 1964, 1976, 1977) wurde bisher kaum im Kontext religionspsychologischer Forschung angewandt. Ausnahmen sind die Dissertationen von Hass (1974), O’Conner (1983) und Todd (1977). Dies ist bedauerlich, da die RGT ein hilfreiches Werkzeug ist, um subjektive Sichtweisen der Religiosität und individu-elle Entwicklungsdynamiken verstehen und vergleichen zu können. Zusätzlich bildet sie eine Brü-cke zwischen qualitativer und quantitativer Forschung, da sie gewissermassen die Aussagekraft qualitativer Forschung mit dem Quantifizierungsmöglichkeiten eines Fragebogens verbindet. In meinem Beitrag stelle ich religionspsychologische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der RGT auf der Grundlage einer Studie über die individuelle Konstruktion religiöser Persönlichkeiten vor (Huber, 1999, 2000b, 2000c und 2000d). Dabei knüpfe ich an frühere Arbeiten an, in denen Möglichkeiten einer individuumzentrierten Erhebung von subjektiven Sichtweisen der Religiosität diskutiert wur-den (Huber, 1996, 1998 und 2000a).

Associations of self-compassion and global self-esteem with positive and negative affect and stress reactivity in daily life: Findings from a smart phone study

The present study examined trait self-compassion and trait self-esteem in relation to positive (PA) and negative affect (NA), as well as their associations with stress reactivity in daily life. One hundred and one subjects completed questionnaires on perceived stress and affect twice a day for 14 consecutive days on smart phones. Results indicated that self-compassion and global self-esteem were positively related to PA and negatively to NA. After controlling for self-esteem, self-compassion remained significantly associated with PA and NA, whereas self-esteem was no longer associated with PA and NA after controlling for self-compassion. Furthermore, results indicated that self-compassion buffered the effect of stress on NA, whereas this was not the case for global self-esteem. Neither self-compassion nor self-esteem moderated the relation of stress on PA in separate models. The results of the present study add to the growing literature regarding beneficial relations of self-compassion and psychological well-being and further emphasize the distinction of self-compassion and global self-esteem.

Smart Hybrid Polymers for Advanced Damascene Electroplating: Combination of Superfill and Leveling Properties

A successful bottom-up fill of single Damascene test features is achieved by using a two-component additive package consisting of bis-(sodium-sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS) and Imep polymers (polymerizates of imidazole and epichlorohydrin). In addition, a remarkable leveling effect is observed. Clearly, the Imep additive combines bottom-up fill capabilities with leveling characteristics in one single polymer component. These unique hybrid properties of the Imep are rationalized on the basis of an extended N-NDR (N-shaped negative differential resistance) being present in the linear-sweep voltammogram of the SPS/Imep additive system during Cu electrodeposition.

George Thomas Smart, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G02260

Evaluation of therapist and client language in Motivational Interviewing (MI) sessions: A secondary analysis of data from the Southern Methodist Alcohol Research Trial (SMART) study

In the United States, “binge” drinking among college students is an emerging public health concern due to the significant physical and psychological effects on young adults. The focus is on identifying interventions that can help decrease high-risk drinking behavior among this group of drinkers. One such intervention is Motivational interviewing (MI), a client-centered therapy that aims at resolving client ambivalence by developing discrepancy and engaging the client in change talk. Of late, there is a growing interest in determining the active ingredients that influence the alliance between the therapist and the client. This study is a secondary analysis of the data obtained from the Southern Methodist Alcohol Research Trial (SMART) project, a dismantling trial of MI and feedback among heavy drinking college students. The present project examines the relationship between therapist and client language in MI sessions on a sample of “binge” drinking college students. Of the 126 SMART tapes, 30 tapes (‘MI with feedback’ group = 15, ‘MI only’ group = 15) were randomly selected for this study. MISC 2.1, a mutually exclusive and exhaustive coding system, was used to code the audio/videotaped MI sessions. Therapist and client language were analyzed for communication characteristics. Overall, therapists adopted a MI consistent style and clients were found to engage in change talk. Counselor acceptance, empathy, spirit, and complex reflections were all significantly related to client change talk (p-values ranged from 0.001 to 0.047). Additionally, therapist ‘advice without permission’ and MI Inconsistent therapist behaviors were strongly correlated with client sustain talk (p-values ranged from 0.006 to 0.048). Simple linear regression models showed a significant correlation between MI consistent (MICO) therapist language (independent variable) and change talk (dependent variable) and MI inconsistent (MIIN) therapist language (independent variable) and sustain talk (dependent variable). The study has several limitations such as small sample size, self-selection bias, poor inter-rater reliability for the global scales and the lack of a temporal measure of therapist and client language. Future studies might consider a larger sample size to obtain more statistical power. In addition the correlation between therapist language, client language and drinking outcome needs to be explored.^

Expanding cities and expanding waistlines: Urban sprawl and its impact on obesity, how the adoption of smart growth statutes can build healthier and more active communities

For decades, American towns and cities have expanded from their established cores into the surrounding rural areas. U.S. population has grown but the land that we use has grown at an even faster pace, and our country has now become a largely suburban nation. Americans moved and continue to move out to the suburbs in search of better lives – for clean and healthy living, for larger homes, and for better resources. In many ways and for many Americans, the suburban lifestyle has been a great success. However, there are some unintended public health consequences of urban sprawl that must be recognized. As most Americans no longer walk or bicycle, increasingly sedentary lifestyles now contribute to greater levels of obesity, diabetes and other associated chronic diseases. This thesis reviewed the impacts of urban sprawl on the public's health specifically, as sprawl relates to decreased physical activity rates and increased obesity rates. The health effects and their connection with sprawl were identified, and available evidence was reviewed. Finally, this thesis described legal and policy solutions for addressing the health effect through improving the design of our built environment and by recommending that governments adopt and implement Smart Growth statutes that incorporate a public health component and require public health involvement. ^