Como sustentar o crescimento com base nos recursos e nas competências distintivas: a experiência da Illycaffè

As mudanças no jogo competitivo induzem as empresas a pôr-se em discussão e amadurecer novas competências. Um elemento relevante no caso da Illycaffè, líder de qualidade em café expresso, consiste na capacidade da empresa de redefinir e renovar os próprios recursos e as relações estratégicas, para perseguir simultaneamente os objetivos de qualidade de produto e de inovação do processo produtivo. As redes de relações e os investimentos em P&D permitem crescimento rápido e maior eficácia nas "manobras estratégicas" da empresa.

Consórcio de medicamentos no Paraná: análise de cobertura e custos

A redução de custos na compra de medicamentos é preocupação constante dos administradores públicos. Este artigo analisa a cobertura e custos do Consórcio Paraná Saúde (CPS), constituído para aquisição de medicamentos para prefeituras do Paraná. A cobertura abrangeu os municípios participantes e suas populações. Os custos dos medicamentos adquiridos foram comparados com os valores constantes no Banco de Preços do Ministério da Saúde (BP/MS). Até o final de 2000, o CPS atingia 88,2% dos municípios e 55,6% da população paranaense. Dos municípios participantes, 83,5% possuíam menos de 20 mil habitantes. Foram comparados os preços de 55 itens constantes na lista de compras do CPS e no BP/MS em 2000. Destes, 46 apresentaram preços menores nas compras do CPS, um teve preço igual e oito apresentaram preços maiores. A aquisição pelo consórcio teve o custo de R$ 332.397,70 (29,7%) a menos do que custaria com os preços apontados no BP/MS. A constituição do CPS mostrou-se uma boa estratégia administrativa de farmacoeconomia, propiciando agilidade e racionalidade no uso dos recursos financeiros, possibilitando a ampliação do acesso da população aos medicamentos.

Relação entre o estado nutricional materno e sobrepeso nas crianças brasileiras

Investigou-se a relação entre o estado nutricional de mães (n = 6.289) e sobrepeso nas crianças brasileiras menores de 10 anos (n = 14.914), considerando-se a influência de condições sociais num inquérito nutricional da população brasileira realizado em 1989, a Pesquisa Nacional sobre Saúde e Nutrição. O estado nutricional materno, segundo o índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m²), foi classificado em: baixo peso (BP; IMC < 20); peso adequado (20 £ IMC < 25) e sobrepeso (SP; IMC ³ 25). Para sobrepeso nas crianças, utilizou-se o indicador peso para estatura (P/E) ³ + 2 desvios-padrão da curva de crescimento da população americana. A prevalência de SP nas crianças foi de 4,8% e nas mães houve 15,3% de BP e 35,9% de SP. Tomando-se as mães com baixo peso como referência, as crianças com sobrepeso tiveram maior chance de ter mães também com sobrepeso (odds ratio; OR = 3,19; 95% intervalo de confiança (IC = 2,24-4,53), sendo o OR = 2,46 (IC = 1,73-3,50) para as mães com estado nutricional adequado. Sobrepeso nas crianças foi influenciado diretamente pela escolaridade materna (OR = 2,89; IC = 1,74-4,80 para mães com ³ 12 séries cursadas em referência às mães analfabetas); pela renda domiciliar per capita (OR = 3,82; IC = 2,79-5,22 nas mães no quarto quartil em comparação ao primeiro quartil) e pelas condições de moradia (OR = 2,69; IC = 2,05-3,54 nas mães de domicílios de boas condições em relação àquelas de piores condições de moradia). Os resultados sugerem haver relação direta entre o estado nutricional materno e sobrepeso nas crianças brasileiras.

Riscos no trabalho com andaimes

Os andaimes podem ser vistos como estruturas simples e de fácil utilização mas, na realidade, trata-se de uma estrutura complexa que, habitualmente, passa para segundo plano, comparativamente à importância dada às restantes actividades que compõem uma obra. A não existência de estudos técnicos, a falta de acompanhamento por responsáveis de segurança com formação específica sobre os riscos inerentes a este tipo de trabalho e o facto de os andaimes serem encarados como uma estrutura provisória de simples montagem, propicia a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho que, na maioria dos casos, podia ser evitada. Daí que, nesta dissertação, se identifiquem os principais riscos associados a esta actividade e se apontem formas para os tentar evitar.

Validação do dispositivo automático de medição da pressão arterial, OMRON® M6 Comfort, segundo o Protocolo Internacional da Sociedade Europeia de Hipertensão (2010)

Introdução – A medição da pressão arterial (PA), utilizando dispositivos automáticos, é frequentemente realizada na prática clínica e na automedição, permitindo adquirir informação fiável para o diagnóstico, controlo e tratamento da hipertensão arterial. Porém, muitos dos dispositivos automáticos disponíveis no mercado não estão validados segundo protocolos existentes para o efeito. O objetivo do estudo foi confirmar a validação do dispositivo de medição automática da PA, OMRON® M6 Comfort, segundo o Protocolo Internacional da European Society of Hypertension (ESH), de 2010, para a validação de dispositivos de medição automática da PA em adultos. Metodologia – Foram estudados 33 indivíduos, aos quais foram realizadas 9 medições sequenciais da PA, no braço esquerdo, com um esfignomanómetro aneróide alternando com o dispositivo automático. Seguidamente avaliaram-se as diferenças entre os valores obtidos pelos dispositivos para a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), classificando-as em três níveis (≤ 5, ≤ 10 ou ≤ 15 mmHg). O número das diferenças em cada nível foi comparado ao requerido pelo Protocolo (fase 1.1). Para cada sujeito foi ainda determinado o número de diferenças com valores ≤ 5 mmHg. Pelo menos 24 dos 33 indivíduos devem ter 2 ou 3 diferenças com valores ≤ 5 mmHg e no máximo 3 dos 33 indivíduos podem apresentar as 3 diferenças com valores > 5 mmHg (fase 1.2). Resultados – O dispositivo OMRON® M6 Comfort foi aprovado nas fases 1.1 e 1.2 para a PAS e PAD. A média das diferenças entre as medições da PA, determinada pelos dispositivos automático e manual, foi de -0,82 ± 5,62 mmHg para a PAS e 2,14 ± 5,15 mmHg para a PAD. Considerações Finais – O dispositivo OMRON® M6 Comfort é válido para a medição da PA em adultos, de acordo com o Protocolo Internacional da ESH, de 2010. - ABSTRACT - Introduction – The measurement of blood pressure (BP) using automatic devices is often performed in clinical practice and self-measurement allowing the acquisition of reliable information for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of hypertension. However not all of the automated devices available in the market are validated in accordance with the existing protocols for this purpose. The purpose of this study was to confirm the validation of the automatic measuring device of the BP, OMRON® M6 Comfort, according to the “European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010 for the validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults”. Methodology – The study involved 33 subjects, in each one of them, 9 sequential measurements of BP were performed, in the left arm, with the aneroid sphygmomanometer alternating with the automatic device. Afterwards, the differences on the values obtained by the different devices were evaluated, for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), and these differences were then classified into three levels (≤ 5, ≤ 10 or ≤ 15 mmHg). The number of differences at each level was compared to the number required by the protocol (phase 1.1). For each subject the number of differences with values ≤ 5 mmHg was also determined. At least 24 of the 33 subjects should have 2 or 3 differences with values ≤ 5 mmHg and a maximum of 3 of the 33 subjects may have all differences with values > 5 mmHg (phase 1.2). Results – The device OMRON M6 Comfort ® was approved in phases 1.1 and 1.2 for SBP and DBP. The average difference between measurements of BP, as determined by automatic and manual devices, was -0.82 ± 5.62 mmHg for SBP and 2.14 ± 5.15 mmHg for DBP. Conclusion – The device OMRON M6 Comfort® is valid for measuring BP in adults, according to the ESH International Protocol of 2010.

Coordination Chemistry of the (eta(6)-p-Cymene)ruthenium(II) Fragment with Bis-, Tris-, andTetrakis(pyrazol-1-yl)borate Ligands: Synthesis, Structural, Electrochemical, and CatalyticDiastereoselective Nitroaldol Reaction Studies

Novel [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(kappa(2)-L)X] and [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(kappa(3)-L)]X center dot nH(2)O complexes (L = bis-, tris-, or tetrakis-pyrazolylborate; X = Cl, N-3, PF6, or CF3SO3) are prepared by treatment of [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)Cl-2](2) with poly-(pyrazolyl)borate derivatives [M(L)] (L in general; in detail L = Ph(2)Bp = diphenylbis-(pyrazol-1-yl)borate; L = Tp = hydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate; L = pzTp = tetrakis(pyrazol-1-yl)borate; L = Tp(4Bo) = hydrotris(indazol-1-yl)borate, L = T-p4Bo,T-5Me = (5-methylindazol-1-yl)borate; L = Tp(Bn,4Ph) = hydrotris(3-benzyl-4-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)borate; M = Na, K, or TI) and characterized by analytical and spectral data (IR, ESIMS, H-1 and C-13 NMR). The structures of [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(Ph(2)Bp)Cl] (1) and [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(Tp)Cl] (3) have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Electrochemical studies allowed comparing the electron-donor characters of Tp and related ligands and estimating the corresponding values of the Lever E-L ligand parameter. The complexes [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)-(kappa(2)-L)X] and [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(kappa(3)-L)]X center dot nH(2)O act as catalyst precursors for the diastereoselective nitroaldol reaction of benzaldehyde and nitroethane to the corresponding beta-nitroalkanol (up to 82% yield, at room temperature) with diastereoselectivity toward the formation of the threo isomer.

Long-term price range forecast applied to risk management using regression models

Long-term contractual decisions are the basis of an efficient risk management. However those types of decisions have to be supported with a robust price forecast methodology. This paper reports a different approach for long-term price forecast which tries to give answers to that need. Making use of regression models, the proposed methodology has as main objective to find the maximum and a minimum Market Clearing Price (MCP) for a specific programming period, and with a desired confidence level α. Due to the problem complexity, the meta-heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to find the best regression parameters and the results compared with the obtained by using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). To validate these models, results from realistic data are presented and discussed in detail.

Demsi - a demand response simulator in the context of intensive use of distributed generation

Demand response can play a very relevant role in future power systems in which distributed generation can help to assure service continuity in some fault situations. This paper deals with the demand response concept and discusses its use in the context of competitive electricity markets and intensive use of distributed generation. The paper presents DemSi, a demand response simulator that allows studying demand response actions and schemes using a realistic network simulation based on PSCAD. Demand response opportunities are used in an optimized way considering flexible contracts between consumers and suppliers. A case study evidences the advantages of using flexible contracts and optimizing the available generation when there is a lack of supply.

Temporal and spatial variability of fin whale's (Balaenoptera physalus) distribution in the Pelagos Sanctuary: Northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Dissertação de Mestrado, Estudos Integrados dos Oceanos, 20 de Março de 2014, Universidade dos Açores.

Study of the one dimensional and transient bioheat transfer equation: Multi-layer solution development and applications

: In this work we derive an analytical solution given by Bessel series to the transient and one-dimensional (1D) bioheat transfer equation in a multi-layer region with spatially dependent heat sources. Each region represents an independent biological tissue characterized by temperature-invariant physiological parameters and a linearly temperature dependent metabolic heat generation. Moreover, 1D Cartesian, cylindrical or spherical coordinates are used to define the geometry and temperature boundary conditions of first, second and third kinds are assumed at the inner and outer surfaces. We present two examples of clinical applications for the developed solution. In the first one, we investigate two different heat source terms to simulate the heating in a tumor and its surrounding tissue, induced during a magnetic fluid hyperthermia technique used for cancer treatment. To obtain an accurate analytical solution, we determine the error associated with the truncated Bessel series that defines the transient solution. In the second application, we explore the potential of this model to study the effect of different environmental conditions in a multi-layered human head model (brain, bone and scalp). The convective heat transfer effect of a large blood vessel located inside the brain is also investigated. The results are further compared with a numerical solution obtained by the Finite Element Method and computed with COMSOL Multi-physics v4.1 (c). (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sequential application of soil vapor extraction and bioremediation processes for the remediation of ethylbenzene-contaminated soils

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is an efficient, well-known and widely applied soil remediation technology. However, under certain conditions it cannot achieve the defined cleanup goals, requiring further treatment, for example, through bioremediation (BR). The sequential application of these technologies is presented as a valid option but is not yet entirely studied. This work presents the study of the remediation of ethylbenzene (EB)-contaminated soils, with different soil water and natural organic matter (NOMC) contents, using sequential SVE and BR. The obtained results allow the conclusion that: (1) SVE was sufficient to reach the cleanup goals in 63% of the experiments (all the soils with NOMC below 4%), (2) higher NOMCs led to longer SVE remediation times, (3) BR showed to be a possible and cost-effective option when EB concentrations were lower than 335 mg kgsoil −1, and (4) concentrations of EB above 438 mg kgsoil −1 showed to be inhibitory for microbial activity.

Academic social network in EHES

This paper presents the foundations of an Academic Social Network (ASN) focusing the Bologna Declaration and the Bologna Process (BP) mobility issues using ontological support. An ASN will permit students to share commons academic interests, preferences and mobility paths in the European Higher Education Space (EHES). The description of the conceptual support is ontology based allowing knowledge sharing and reuse. An approach is presented by merging Academic Ontology to Support the Bologna Mobility Process with Friend of a Friend ontology. The resulting ontology supports the student mobility profile in the ASN. The strategies to make available, in the network, knowledge about mobility issues, are presented including knowledge discovery and simulation approaches to cover student's mobility scenarios for BP.

Fatty acids, IL6, and TNFα polymorphisms: an example of nutrigenetics in Crohn's disease

Objectives - The aim of this work was to study the interaction between genetic polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and fat intake on the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) or modifying disease activity. Methods - Seven SNPs in interleukin 1 (IL1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha), and IL6 genes were analyzed in 116 controls and 99 patients with CD. The type of fat intake was evaluated, and the interaction between SNPs and dietary fat in modulating disease activity was analyzed. Results - Individuals who were homozygous for the IL6-174G/C polymorphism had a six-fold higher risk for CD (odds ratio (OR)=6.1; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.9-19.4), whereas the TT genotype on the TNFalpha-857C/T polymorphism was associated with more active disease (OR=10.4; 95% CI=1.1-94.1). A high intake of total, saturated, and monounsaturated fats, as well as a higher ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), was associated with a more active phenotype (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was an interaction between dietary fat intake and SNPs, with a high intake of saturated and monounsaturated fats being associated with active disease, mainly in patients carrying the variant alleles of the 857 TNFalpha polymorphism (OR=6.0, 95% CI=1.4-26.2; OR=5.17; 95% CI=1.4-19.2, respectively) and the 174 IL6 polymorphism (OR=2.95; 95% CI=1.0-9.1; OR=3.21; 95% CI=1.0-10.4, respectively). Finally, low intake of n-3 PUFA and high n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in patients with the TNFalpha 857 polymorphism were associated with higher disease activity (OR=3.6; 95% CI=1.0-13.0; OR=5.92; 95% CI=1.3-26.5, respectively). Conclusions - These results show that different types of fat may interact with cytokine genotype, modulating disease activity.

A comprehensive approach to evaluate nutritional status in Crohn's patients in the era of biologic therapy: a case-control study

Objectives - Evaluate the nutritional status of patients with inactive or mildly active Crohn's disease (CD), and identify possible causes for potential deficiencies. Methods - A total of 78 CD patients and 80 healthy controls were evaluated in respect of nutritional status, dietary intake, and life styles factors. Results - These 73/78 CD patients were on immunomodulating therapies. Mean body mass index (BMI) was lower in patients as compared to controls (P= 0.006) but 32% of CD patients and 33.8% of controls had a BMI > 25, whereas 8% and 23.8% in each group, respectively, were obese (BMI > 30Kg/m(2)). Fat free mass was significantly decreased in both genders (P < 0.05) whereas fat mass was decreased only in males (P= 0.01). Energy intake was significantly lower in CD patients (P < 0.0001) and we observed significantly lower adjusted mean daily intakes of carbohydrates, monounsaturated fat, fiber, calcium, and vitamins C, D, E, and K (P < 0.05). 29% of patients had excluded grains from their usual diet, 28% milk, 18% vegetables, and 11% fruits. Milk exclusion resulted in a significantly lower consumption of calcium and vitamin K (P < 0.001) and the exclusion of vegetables was associated to a lower consumption of vitamins C and E (P < 0.05). Physical activity was significantly lower in CD patients (P= 0.01) and this lack of physical activity was inversely correlated with increased fat mass percentage (r=-0.315, P= 0.001). Conclusions - Results showed that the most prevalent form of malnutrition in CD patients was an excess of body weight, which was concomitant with an inadequate dietary intake, namely micronutrients, clearly related to dietary exclusion of certain foods.

5' and 3' UTR thymidylate synthase polymorphisms modulate the risk of colorectal cancer independently of the intake of methyl group donors

Thymidylate synthase, as a rate-limiting step in DNA synthesis, catalyses the conversion of dUMP into dTMP using 5,10-methylenotetrahydrofolate as the methyl donor. Two polymorphisms have been described in this gene: a repeat polymorphism in the 5' promoter enhancer region (3R versus 2R) and a 6 bp deletion in the 3' unstranslated region. Both of these may affect protein levels. The present case control study was aimed at investigating the influence of these two polymorphisms on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as their potential interaction with folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intake. A total of 196 cases and 200 controls, matched for age and sex distribution, were included in the study. No association was found between CRC and the 28 bp repeat polymorphism, but it was observed that individuals with the 6 bp/del and del/del genotypes had a significantly lower risk of developing the disease (OR=0.47; 95% CI 0.30-0.72). A combined genotype (2R/2R; 6 bp/del+del/del) was also found, which was associated with an even lower risk of developing of the disease (OR=0.42; 95% CI 0.26-0.69). No significant interaction between these polymorphisms and vitamin intake was observed. These results indicate for the first time that the 6 bp/del allele might be a protective factor in the development of CRC, independent of the intake of methyl group donors.