Factors affecting airport route development activity and performance

Airports have become increasingly active in route development as a means of attracting, growing and retaining air services. However, little is known about the different levels of route development activity at airports, or the extent to which route development activity affects performance. Based on the findings of a survey of 124 airports worldwide, this study finds that larger airports are significantly more active than smaller airports. It also finds that private airports are more active than public airports, and that airports in Europe are more active than airports in other world regions, although differences according to ownership and location are not significant. Route development activity has a significant positive effect on performance. Factors associated with the airport business environment (market turbulence, competitive intensity, market growth and airport constraints) were not found to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between route development activity and performance. However, two factors were found to have a significant direct effect on performance; market growth has a significant positive effect while airport constraints have a significant negative effect.

En Route Speed Reduction Concept for Absorbing Air Traffic Flow Management Delays

This paper proposes an en route speed reduction to complement current ground delay practices in air traffic flow management. Given a nominal cruise speed, there exists a bounded range of speeds that allows aircraft to fly slower with the same or lower fuel consumption than the nominal flight. Therefore, flight times are increased and delay can be partially performed in the air, at no extra fuel cost for the operator. This concept has been analyzed in an initial feasibility study, computing the maximum amount of delay that can be performed in the air in some representative flights. The impact on fuel consumption has been analyzed, and two scenarios are proposed: the flight fuel remains the same as in the nominal flight, and some extra fuel allowance is permitted in order to face uncertainties. Results show significant values of airborne delay that may be useful in many situations, with the exception of short hauls where airborne delay may be too short. If cruise altitude is changed, the amount of airborne delay increases, since changes in cruise speed modify the optimal flight altitudes. From the analyzed flights, a linear dependency is found relating the airborne delay with the amount of extra fuel allowance.

European route choice determinants

Different charging zones are found within European airspace. This allows airlines to select different routes between origin and destination that have different lengths and en-route charges. There is a trade- off between the shortest available route and other routes that might have different charges. This paper analyses the routes submitted by airlines to be operated on a given day and compares the associated costs of operating those routes with the shortest available at the time, in terms of en-route charges and fuel consumption. The flights are characterised by different variables with the idea of identifying a behaviour or pattern based on the airline or flight characteristics. Results show that in some areas of the European airspace there might be an incentive to select a longer route, leading to both a lower charge and a lower total cost. However, more variables need to be considered and other techniques used, such as factor analysis, to be able to identify the behaviour within an airline category.

Extracellular vesicle biogenesis in helminths: more than one route to the surface?

The quite recent discovery that parasites release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can transfer a range of effector molecules to host cells has made us re-think our understanding of the host-parasite interface. In this opinion article we will consider how recent proteomics and transcriptomics studies, together with ultrastructural observations, suggest that more than one mechanism of EV biogenesis can occur in helminths. We propose that distinct EV sub-types have roles in immune-modulation and repair of drug-induced damage, and put forward the case for targeting EV biogenesis pathways to achieve parasite control. In doing so we raise a number of outstanding research questions that must be addressed before this can happen.

Intercity Bus Route Evaluation for Statewide Planning, 1981

The goal of this research was to evaluate the needs of the intercity common carrier bus service in Iowa. Within the framework of the overall goal, the objectives were to: (1) Examine the detailed operating cost and revenue data of the intercity carriers in Iowa; (2) Develop a model or models to estimate demand in cities and corridors served by the bus industry; (3) Develop a cost function model for estimating a carrier's operating costs; (4) Establish the criteria to be used in assessing the need for changes in bus service; (5) Outline the procedures for estimating route operating costs and revenues and develop a matrix of community and social factors to be considered in evaluation; and (6) Present a case study to demonstrate the methodology. The results of the research are presented in the following chapters: (1) Introduction; (2) Intercity Bus Research and Development; (3) Operating Characteristics of Intercity Carriers in Iowa; (4) Commuter Carriers; (5) Passenger and Revenue Forecasting Models; (6) Operating Cost Relationships; (7) Social and General Welfare Aspects of Intercity Bus Service; (8) Case Study Analysis; and (9) Additional Service Considerations and Recommendations.

Route through Dissertation plan map

This map describes the stages of planning your route through an MSc dissertation

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Route through project plan no resume

Heuristics for short route job shop scheduling problems

Abstract not available

Helicopter route chart, New York.

Aeronautical chart showing designated helicopter routes and control areas.

Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route

Numéro spécial: Translational Nanomedicine

Dual layer solid phase extraction based on molecular imprinting technology: Seeking a route to enhance selectivity for trace analysis of pesticide residues in olive oil.

Aiming to introduce a multiresidue analysis for the trace detection of pesticide residues belonging to organophosphorus and triazine classes from olive oil samples, a new sample preparation methodology comprising the use of a dual layer of “tailor-made” molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) SPE for the simultaneous extraction of both pesticides in a single procedure has been attempted. This work has focused on the implementation of a dual MIP-layer SPE procedure (DL-MISPE) encompassing the use of two MIP layers as specific sorbents. In order to achieve higher recovery rates, the amount of MIP layers has been optimized as well as the influence of MIP packaging order. The optimized DL-MISPE approach has been used in the preconcentration of spiked organic olive oil samples with concentrations of dimethoate and terbuthylazine similar to the maximum residue limits and further quantification by HPLC. High recovery rates for dimethoate (95%) and terbuthylazine (94%) have been achieved with good accuracy and precision. Overall, this work constitutes the first attempt on the development of a dual pesticide residue methodology for the trace analysis of pesticide residues based on molecular imprinting technology. Thus, DL-MISPE constitutes a reliable, robust, and sensitive sample preparation methodology that enables preconcentration of the target pesticides in complex olive oil samples, even at levels similar to the maximum residue limits enforced by the legislation.

A novel route for FePO4 olivine synthesis from sarcopside oxidation

International audience