Is the ATIC terminology oriented to nursing phenomena?

The main goal of this observational and descriptive study is to evaluate whether the diagnosis axis of a nursing interface terminology meets the content validity criterion of being nursing-phenomena oriented. Nursing diagnosis concepts were analyzed in terms of presence in the nursing literature, type of articles published and areas of disciplinary interest. The search strategy was conducted in three databases with limits in relation to period and languages. The final analysis included 287 nursing diagnosis concepts. The results showed that most of the concepts were identified in the scientific literature, with a homogeneous distribution of types of designs. Most of these concepts (87.7%) were studied from two or more areas of disciplinary interest. Validity studies on disciplinary controlled vocabularies may contribute to demonstrate the nursing influence on patients" outcomes.

The Economics of Reducing the County Road System: Three Case Studies in Iowa - Executive Summary, HR-242, 1986

This Executive Summary presents a brief summary of the main research report, "The Economics of Reducing the County Road System: Three Case Studies in Iowa" (DOT/OST/P-34/86-035). The case studies are described, as well as the analytic methodology and research findings.

The Economics of Reducing the County Road System: Three Case Studies in Iowa, HR-242, 1986

This research project looked at the economic benefits and costs associated with alternative strategies for abandoning low volume rural highways and bridges. Three test counties in Iowa were studied, each 100 square miles in size: Hamilton County having a high agricultural tax base and a high percentage of paved roads and few bridges; Shelby County having a relatively low agricultural tax base, hilly terrain and a low percentage of paved road and many bridges; and Linn County having a high agricultural tax base, a high percentage of paved roads and a large number of non-farm households. A questionnaire survey was undertaken to develop estimates of farm and household travel patterns. Benefits and costs associated with the abandonment of various segments of rural highway and bridge mileages in each county were calculated. "Benefits" calculated were reduced future reconstruction and maintenance costs, whereas "costs" were the added cost of travel resulting from the reduced mileage. Some of the findings suggest limited cost savings from abandonment of county roads with no property access in areas with large non-farm rural population; relatively high cost savings from the abandonment of roads with no property access in areas with small rural population; and the largest savings from the conversion of public dead-end gravel roads with property or residence accesses to private drives.

An Investigation of Signing Needs at Uncontrolled Local Road Intersections, HR-230, 1982

Iowa Counties have been experiencing significant tort claim liability due to the signing of local roads. One such problem is relative to the real or alleged need for signing at uncontrolled intersections of local roads. It has been assumed that the standard CROSS ROAD sign, which calls for a yellow diamond with a black cross, was sufficient to provide the necessary warning that a driver may be approaching an intersection which requires special precautionary driving attention. However, it is possible that this sign on a through highway might conflict with the legal status of the local county road. In light of this situation, it seemed worthwhile to know the extent to which uncontrolled local road intersections were perceived as a potential liability problem; the degree to which the standard CROSS ROAD sign communicated to the driver the message a county engineer wanted at these local road intersections; and whether there were any better signing alternatives available to communicate this hazard to the driver in this situation.

Regulation by aldosterone of Na+,K+-ATPase mRNAs, protein synthesis, and sodium transport in cultured kidney cells.

Transepithelial Na+ reabsorption across tight epithelia is regulated by aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids modulate the expression of a number of proteins. Na+,K+-ATPase has been identified as an aldosterone-induced protein (Geering, K., M. Girardet, C. Bron, J. P. Kraehenbuhl, and B. C. Rossier, 1982, J. Biol. Chem., 257:10338-10343). Using A6 cells (kidney of Xenopus laevis) grown on filters we demonstrated by Northern blot analysis that the induction of Na+,K+-ATPase was mainly mediated by a two- to fourfold accumulation of both alpha- and beta-subunit mRNAs. The specific competitor spironolactone decreased basal Na+ transport, Na+,K+-ATPase mRNA, and the relative rate of protein biosynthesis, and it blocked the response to aldosterone. Cycloheximide inhibited the aldosterone-dependent sodium transport but did not significantly affect the cytoplasmic accumulation of Na+,K+-ATPase mRNA induced by aldosterone.

Distributing State Road Use Tax Funds to Counties, HR-386, 1996

Iowa's county road system serves many critical functions in a changing environment. Many counties with very different social, economic, and demographic circumstances do not have adequate resources to provide the desired level of service on their secondary road systems. How the state's Road Use Tax Fund (RUTF) is distributed among counties is therefore of great importance. This report presents the results of a year-long study of how to distribute RUTF resources among Iowa's 99 counties. The project was undertaken at the request of county engineers who wish to replace the current method of allocation with one that is more stable, comprehensible, and predictable. This report describes the current allocation method, examines how other states distribute road funds to counties, and discusses potential allocation factors that could be included in a revised procedure. The process undertaken to narrow the range of possible formulas and determine the one to recommend is summarized. Finally, the report presents the allocation formula recommended by the project advisory committee, along with how it would operate.

Astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation.

We report that, in the rat hippocampus, learning leads to a significant increase in extracellular lactate levels that derive from glycogen, an energy reserve selectively localized in astrocytes. Astrocytic glycogen breakdown and lactate release are essential for long-term but not short-term memory formation, and for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength elicited in vivo. Disrupting the expression of the astrocytic lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) or MCT1 causes amnesia, which, like LTP impairment, is rescued by L-lactate but not equicaloric glucose. Disrupting the expression of the neuronal lactate transporter MCT2 also leads to amnesia that is unaffected by either L-lactate or glucose, suggesting that lactate import into neurons is necessary for long-term memory. Glycogenolysis and astrocytic lactate transporters are also critical for the induction of molecular changes required for memory formation, including the induction of phospho-CREB, Arc, and phospho-cofilin. We conclude that astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation.

Maintaining Iowa's Secondary Road Environment, HR-289, 1989

The Iowa counties have been successful in maintaining a good roadway environment on our 90,000 mile secondary road system. However, county highway personnel must remain vigilant in detecting, discovering and correcting potential problems if our roads are to remain so. This presentation was developed for those county personnel who work and travel on secondary roads. The presentation discusses things county personnel can look for during their daily operations which could possibly create a potential problem. If these situations are uncovered and corrected in a timely manner, our secondary road system will be maintained in an appropriate manner.

Ammonium Phosphate/Fly Ash Road Base Construction, HR-294, 1993

The objective of this research project was to evaluate the construction and service performance of ammonium phosphate/fly ash (APFA) treated base courses of crushed fines and/or unprocessed sand. Specific test results related to construction of the test sections were included in the 1987 construction report by Iowa State University. The performance of the experimental sections is dealt with in this final report. This 1986 project demonstrated that in all cases the control sections utilizing a Type B base experienced dramatically less cracking in the surface than the APFA treated base sections. The cost per mix and subsequent surface maintenance costs for the APFA base sections, especially those having a substantial amount of limestone, were higher than the Type B base control sections. This type of construction may prove to be economical only when petroleum product costs escalate.

Road Use Tax Fund Efficiency Report, March 2014

Senate File 2314, 84th General Assembly, states the Iowa Department of Transportation shall submit quarterly reports regarding the implementation of efficiency measures identified in the "Road Use Tax Fund Efficiency Report," January 2012. This report shall provide details of activities undertaken in the previous quarter relating to one-time and long-term program efficiencies and partnership efficiencies. Issues covered include savings realized from the implementation of particular efficiency measures; updates concerning measures that have not been implemented; efforts involving cities, counties, other jurisdiction, or stakeholder interest groups; any new efficiency measures identified or undertaken; and identification of any legislative action that may be required to achieve efficiencies.

User's Manual for the County Road Evaluation Program - Volume I, HR-242, 1986

Provides instructions for using the computer program which was developed under the research project, "The Economics of Reducing the County Road System: Three Case Studies In Iowa". This program operates on an IBP personal computer with 300K storage. A fixed disk is required with at least 3 megabytes of storage. The computer must be equipped with DOS version 3.0; the programs are written in Fortran. The user's manual describes all data requirements including network preparation, trip information, cost for maintenance, reconstruction, etc. Program operation instructions are presented, as well as sample solution output and a listing of the computer programs.

Flujos de detritos recientes en la cordillera frontal de Mendoza: Un ejemplo de riesgo natural en la ruta 7 = Recent debris flows in the Frontal Cordillera of Mendoza: An example of natural risk on the Road 7

In this paper is presented a study dealing with the debris flows that reached the national road 7 in January 2005, in the km 1,118.5, Mendoza province. The area is located in the Frontal Cordillera near the limit of the Precordillera. A detailed geomorphologic map has been realized for this study using a Quickbird satellite imagery of the year 2006. Various calculations of volumes, velocities and peak discharges have been performed with the field data and using a geographic information system (GIS). The geomorphologic survey has permitted to propose three propagation scenarios in case of a new event. These allowed creating a map of debris flows susceptibility for the stretch of the road that has been studied. Finally, it has been proposed protection and mitigation measures, based on the results of the study, to protect the road from a new event.

A road map toward a globally harmonized approach for occupational health surveillance and epidemiology in nanomaterial workers

OBJECTIVE: Few epidemiological studies have addressed the health of workers exposed to novel manufactured nanomaterials. The small current workforce will necessitate pooling international cohorts. METHOD: A road map was defined for a globally harmonized framework for the careful choice of materials, exposure characterization, identification of study populations, definition of health endpoints, evaluation of appropriateness of study designs, data collection and analysis, and interpretation of the results. RESULTS: We propose a road map to reach global consensus on these issues. The proposed strategy should ensure that the costs of action are not disproportionate to the potential benefits and that the approach is pragmatic and practical. CONCLUSIONS: We should aim to go beyond the collection of health complaints, illness statistics, or even counts of deaths; the manifestation of such clear endpoints would indicate a failure of preventive measures.

Metric Training for the Transportation Industry Module III - Road and Bridge Design, HR-376

"Metric Training For The Highway Industry", HR-376 was designed to produce training materials for the various divisions of the Iowa DOT, local government and the highway construction industry. The project materials were to be used to introduce the highway industry in Iowa to metric measurements in their daily activities. Five modules were developed and used in training over 1,000 DOT, county, city, consultant and contractor staff in the use of metric measurements. The training modules developed deal with the planning through operation areas of highway transportation. The materials and selection of modules were developed with the aid of an advisory personnel from the highway industry. Each module is design as a four hour block of instruction and a stand along module for specific types of personnel. Each module is subdivided into four chapters with chapter one and four covering general topics common to all subjects. Chapters two and three are aimed at hands on experience for a specific group and subject. This module includes: Module 3 - Road and Bridge Design. This module provides hands on examples of how to use metric measurements in the design of roads and structures.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors at the cross-road of diet and hormonal signalling.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the steroid/thyroid nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. To date, three isotypes have been identified, alpha, beta and gamma, encoded by three different genes. The alpha isotype is expressed at high levels in the liver where it has a role in lipid oxidation. Its expression and activity follow a diurnal rhythm that parallels the circulating levels of corticosterone in the bloodstream. The gamma isotype on the other hand, is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and has a critical role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage. The function of the ubiquitously expressed isotype, PPAR beta, remains to be determined. Besides fulfilling different roles in lipid metabolism, the different PPAR isotypes also have different ligand specificities. A new approach to identify ligands was developed based on the ligand-dependent interaction of PPAR with the recently characterized co-activator SRC-1. This so-called CARLA assay has allowed the identification of fatty acids and eicosanoids as PPAR ligands. Although the evidence clearly links PPAR isotypes to distinct functions, the molecular basis for this isotype-specificity is still unclear. All three isotypes are able to bind the same consensus response element, formed by a direct repeat of two AGGTCA hexamers separated by one base, though with different affinities. We recently demonstrated that besides the core DR-1 element, the 5' flanking sequence should be included in the definition of a PPRE. Interestingly, the presence of this flanking sequence is of particular importance in the context of PPAR alpha binding. Moreover, it reflects the polarity of the PPAR-RXR heterodimer on DNA, with PPAR binding to the 5' half-site and RXR binding to the 3' half-site. This unusual polarity may confer unique properties to the bound heterodimer with respect to ligand binding and interaction with co-activators and corepressors.