Horizons 2030: Equality at the centre of sustainable development. Summary

The world is living a change of era. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals represent the international community’s response to the economic, distributive and environmental imbalances built up under the prevailing development pattern. This document, presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to its member States at its thirty-sixth session, provides an analytical complement to the 2030 Agenda from a structuralist perspective and from the point of view of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. The proposals made here stem from the need to achieve progressive structural change in order to incorporate more knowledge into production, ensure social inclusion and combat the negative impacts of climate change. The reflections and proposals for advancing towards a new development pattern are geared to achieving equality and environmental sustainability. In these proposals, the creation of global and regional public goods and the corresponding domestic policies form the core for expanding the structuralist tradition towards a global Keynesianism and a development strategy centred around an environmental big push.

Horizons 2030: Equality at the centre of sustainable development

The world is living a change of era. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals represent the international community’s response to the economic, distributive and environmental imbalances built up under the prevailing development pattern. This document, presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to its member States at its thirty-sixth session, provides an analytical complement to the 2030 Agenda from a structuralist perspective and from the point of view of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. The proposals made here stem from the need to achieve progressive structural change in order to incorporate more knowledge into production, ensure social inclusion and combat the negative impacts of climate change. The reflections and proposals for advancing towards a new development pattern are geared to achieving equality and environmental sustainability. In these proposals, the creation of global and regional public goods and the corresponding domestic policies form the core for expanding the structuralist tradition towards a global Keynesianism and a development strategy centred around an environmental big push.

Resolutions adopted by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean at its Thirty-Sixth Session

Resolution 697(XXXVI) Horizons 2030 resolution .-- Resolution 698(XXXVI) ECLAC calendar of conferences for the period 2017-2018 .-- Resolution 699(XXXVI) Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean .-- Resolution 700(XXXVI) Mexico resolution on the establishment of the Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development .-- Resolution 701(XXXVI) Support for the work of the Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social Planning (ILPES) .-- Resolution 702(XXXVI) Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean .-- Resolution 703(XXXVI) Regional Conference on Social Development in Latin America and the Caribbean .-- Resolution 704(XXXVI) Programme of work and priorities of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean for the biennium 2018-2019 .-- Resolution 705(XXXVI) Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee .-- Resolution 706(XXXVI) Application of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean .-- Resolution 707(XXXVI) Regional Conference on Population and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean .-- Resolution 708(XXXVI) Ministerial Conference on the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean .-- Resolution 709(XXXVI) Committee on South-South Cooperation .-- Resolution 710(XXXVI) Conference on Science, Innovation and Information and Communications Technologies of the Economic Commission for Latin America and The Caribbean .-- Resolution 711(XXXVI) Implementation of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014-2024 .-- Resolution 712(XXXVI) Regional integration of statistical and geospatial information .-- Resolution 713(XXXVI) Regional follow-up to the outcomes of conferences on financing for development .-- Resolution 714(XXXVI) Place of the next session.

Universidades públicas: das contribuições do conhecimento na Pós-Graduação ao desenvolvimento regional

Resumo: Este estudo apresenta uma análise a respeito da contribuição do conhecimento adquirido na pós-graduação para o Desenvolvimento Regional, fundamentando-se em duas correntes: uma que defende a ideia tradicional do investimento em ciência básica como elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento econômico de qualquer região e a outra que defende a interdisciplinaridade como resposta a fragmentação causada por uma epistemologia de cunho positivista que vem ocupando cada vez mais espaço nas universidades brasileiras com a ampliação crescente de programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu, perante a necessidade que a sociedade do conhecimento, informacional e globalizada, impõe à ciência moderna como solução para essa nova forma organizacional. A pesquisa baseou-se na coleta de dados secundários e estes foram analisados através dos coeficientes de correlação, de especialização e de reestruturação. Os resultados dos mesmos mostraram que apesar das regiões estarem em fase de desenvolvimento, a desigualdade regional ainda limita o processo de inovação do país, sendo este um dos fatores que impede o crescimento econômico equitativo das regiões.

A relação entre crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento sustentável: a Região do Araguaia no contexto regional paraense

A relação entre crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento sustentável é a problemática deste estudo que propõe analisar esta por meio do uso do Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Local. Nesse sentido, a categoria de análise usada foi à região que é definida como um sistema formado por e a partir da conjunção de elementos internos e externos. O objeto de análise selecionado foi a região do Araguaia paraense que se localiza no Estado do Pará – Brasil, essa escolha ocorreu porque, ao longo dos últimos 40 anos, essa região tem assumido expressão econômica nesse estado e, ao mesmo tempo, tem sido foco de questionamentos quanto ao modelo de desenvolvimento econômico empregado no passado e os seus resultados no presente. O objetivo central deste estudo é analisar, por meio dos elementos internos e externos de uma região considerada como fronteira de recursos, se o cenário de crescimento econômico contribuiu para o desenvolvimento sustentável. A seleção de um estudo de caso foi à estratégia de investigação e os instrumentos de levantamento de dados foram: a aplicação de questionários, a análise da evolução de dados secundários e a construção de um Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (IDLS) que foi usado para dimensionar de forma integrada o desempenho social, ambiental, econômico e institucional da região pesquisada em relação ao contexto regional paraense. O principal resultado, deste estudo, foi à constatação de que crescimento econômico das regiões paraenses até a atualidade não mediou processos favoráveis ao desenvolvimento na perspectiva da sustentabilidade. Observou-se que a região do Araguaia, encontra-se em estado de alerta no IDLS, seguindo a mesma tendência de outros espaços regionais que cresceram economicamente no Estado do Pará. Para cada região do Estado do Pará, uma dimensão diferente comprometeu a sustentabilidade regional, no caso da Região do Araguaia a dimensão ambiental foi a que mais comprometeu o seu IDSL. Tal resultado comprova vários estudos que afirmaram que os impactos ambientais comprometem o desenvolvimento sustentável dessa região. Apesar disso, essa região obteve o terceiro melhor desempenho na dimensão social da sustentabilidade, dado mais importante para o desenvolvimento sustentável que este estudo se propôs medir. Por conseguinte, duas conclusões principais podem ser apontadas. A primeira é que atualmente houve uma melhora no padrão social das regiões paraense como um todo, em alguns casos as áreas centrais dos grandes investimentos superaram o desempenho social de outras regiões que não foram focos dos investimentos promovidos nas décadas anteriores. Apesar de alguns estudos apontarem que os investimentos governamentais não se revestiram em benefícios sociais. A segunda é que os elementos externos às regiões contribuíram para a mudança do quadro social descrito, mas não para alteração do quadro ambiental regional, pois criou institucionalidades que direcionassem as forças internas na produção dos resultados do quadro econômico, social, institucional e ambiental. Portanto, tanto a elevação do padrão social quanto a piora do quadro ambiental da região do Araguaia paraense são o resultado de um conjunto de políticas nacionais que, provavelmente, se somaram aos cenários de ação e decisão dos atores locais.

Tributação do comércio eletrônico e integração regional

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

O significado da iniciativa para a integração da infraestrutura regional Sul-Americana (IIRSA) no regionalismo Sul-Americano (2000-2012): um estudo sobre a iniciativa e a participação do Brasil

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

Políticas de desenvolvimento regional-territorial e governança: uma análise recente sobre o Estado do Maranhão (Brasil)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Essays on the Empirical Analysis of Economic and Political Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

In Sub-Saharan Africa, non-democratic events, like civil wars and coup d'etat, destroy economic development. This study investigates both domestic and spatial effects on the likelihood of civil wars and coup d'etat. To civil wars, an increase of income growth is one of common research conclusions to stop wars. This study adds a concern on ethnic fractionalization. IV-2SLS is applied to overcome causality problem. The findings document that income growth is significant to reduce number and degree of violence in high ethnic fractionalized countries, otherwise they are trade-off. Income growth reduces amount of wars, but increases its violent level, in the countries with few large ethnic groups. Promoting growth should consider ethnic composition. This study also investigates the clustering and contagion of civil wars using spatial panel data models. Onset, incidence and end of civil conflicts spread across the network of neighboring countries while peace, the end of conflicts, diffuse only with the nearest neighbor. There is an evidence of indirect links from neighboring income growth, without too much inequality, to reduce the likelihood of civil wars. To coup d'etat, this study revisits its diffusion for both all types of coups and only successful ones. The results find an existence of both domestic and spatial determinants in different periods. Domestic income growth plays major role to reduce the likelihood of coup before cold war ends, while spatial effects do negative afterward. Results on probability to succeed coup are similar. After cold war ends, international organisations seriously promote democracy with pressure against coup d'etat, and it seems to be effective. In sum, this study indicates the role of domestic ethnic fractionalization and the spread of neighboring effects to the likelihood of non-democratic events in a country. Policy implementation should concern these factors.

Spatial Disparity and Dynamic Trajectory of Convergence in China: Construction and Application of a Composite Index of Regional Development

China is a large country characterized by remarkable growth and distinct regional diversity. Spatial disparity has always been a hot issue since China has been struggling to follow a balanced growth path but still confronting with unprecedented pressures and challenges. To better understand the inequality level benchmarking spatial distributions of Chinese provinces and municipalities and estimate dynamic trajectory of sustainable development in China, I constructed the Composite Index of Regional Development (CIRD) with five sub pillars/dimensions involving Macroeconomic Index (MEI), Science and Innovation Index (SCI), Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI), Human Capital Index (HCI) and Public Facilities Index (PFI), endeavoring to cover various fields of regional socioeconomic development. Ranking reports on the five sub dimensions and aggregated CIRD were provided in order to better measure the developmental degrees of 31 or 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities over 13 years from 1998 to 2010 as the time interval of three “Five-year Plans”. Further empirical applications of this CIRD focused on clustering and convergence estimation, attempting to fill up the gap in quantifying the developmental levels of regional comprehensive socioeconomics and estimating the dynamic convergence trajectory of regional sustainable development in a long run. Four clusters were benchmarked geographically-oriented in the map on the basis of cluster analysis, and club-convergence was observed in the Chinese provinces and municipalities based on stochastic kernel density estimation.

Essays on Ethnic Diversity and Development

This dissertation consists of three papers. The first paper "Ethnicity, Migration and Conflict: Evidence from Contemporary South Africa” exploits some of the institutional changes intervened in South Africa during the end of apartheid to investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and conflict. I find within-ethnic polarization to be significantly related to the intensity of armed confrontations among black-dominated groups. My investigation thus gives strong and robust empirical support to the theoretical arguments which identify ethnic diversity as one of the determinants of civil conflict. The second chapter, "Pre-Colonial Centralization, Colonial Activities and Development in Latin America", investigates the hypothesis that pre-colonial ethnic institutions shaped contemporary regional development in Latin America. I document a strong and positive relationship between pre-colonial centralization and regional development. Results are in line with the view that highly centralized pre-colonial societies acted as a persistent force of agglomeration of economic activities and a strong predictor of colonial state capacity. The results provide a first evidence of the existence of a link between pre-colonial centralization, colonial institutional arrangements and contemporary economic development. The third paper "Bite and Divide: Malaria and Ethnic Diversity” investigates the role of malaria as a fundamental determinant of modern ethnic diversity. This paper explores the hypothesis, that a large exposure to malaria has fostered differential interactions that reduced contacts between groups and increased interactions within them Results document that malaria increases the number of ethnic groups at all levels of spatial disaggregation and time periods (exploiting historical and current ethnic diversity). Regressions' results show that endogamous marriages are more frequent in areas with higher geographic suitability to malaria. The results are in line with the view that malaria increases intra-ethnic interactions while decreasing inter-ethnic ones.

Mobile goes global: The effect of cell phones on economic growth and development

This study investigates the effect of cell phones on economic development and growth by performing an econometric analysis using data from the International Telecommunications Union and the Penn World Table. It discusses the various ways cell phones can make markets more efficient and how the diffusion of information andknowledge plays into development. Several approaches (OLS, Fixed Effects, 2SLS) were used to test over 20 econometric models. Overall, the mobile cellular subscriptions rate was found to have a positive and significant impact on countries’ level of real per capitaGDP and GDP growth rate. Furthermore, the study provides policy implications for the use of technology to promote global growth.

Development of Socio-Economic Behaviour and Attitudes of Baltic Nationalities: Perspectives for Integration with Europe

This project is the third stage of a comparative research project, The New Baltic Barometer, which was carried out simultaneously with the "New Democracies Barometer" of the Paul Lazerfeld Society (Vienna) and The Russian Barometer. It studied the opinion and behaviour of the largest Baltic ethnic groups (Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians). The main focus was on the attitudes of Baltic residents towards the changes in the economic and political system, attitudes towards political values, political trust, and attitudes to the Baltic countries joining the European Union. An analysis of macroeconomic indicators of the Baltic states made it possible to deduce the link between the country's economic development, and satisfaction with the political regime and attitudes towards democratic values. The study analysed the conditions for the democratisation of society, i.e. the development of culture and public opinion in the Baltic states. Attention was also paid to the development of a social network of individuals, showing the transition from informal networks to impersonal institutions. The group concluded that the participation of residents in formal organisations, NGOs in particular, considerably fosters political trust and also increases political efficacy. Participation in formal organisations also reduces the importance of esteem for an authoritarian leader.

Economic sustainability of the Flambeau Mine Ladysmith, Wisconsin

Today sustainable development is a very pertinent issue. Communities do not want companies, specifically mining companies, to deplete a natural resource and leave. The goal is to minimize the negative impacts of mining and the boom/bust cycles of natural resource extraction. In this study a three part framework was developed to analyze the sustainability of the Flambeau Mine in Ladysmith, Wisconsin. The first and second part dealt with an in-depth local and regional analysis and whether the community was developing within its own vision. The third part used nine sustainability measures including: 1. Need Present Generation 2. Future Need 3. Acceptable Legacy 4. Full-Cost 5. Contribution to Economic Development 6. Equity 7. Consent 8. Respect for Ecological Limits, Maintenance of Ecological Integrity and Landscape Requirements 9. Offsetting Restoration This study concluded that the Flambeau Mine was sustainable relative to the first two criteria and that it can be considered mostly sustainable relative to the nine criteria. Overall it can be stated that the Flambeau Mine was a beneficial project to the Ladysmith Wisconsin area. Additionally it appeared to decrease the public’s negative perception of mining. Recommendations for future analytical work are made. Suggestions are made as to how mining companies could increase the potential for the attainment of sustainability in projects. It is recommended that this framework be used by other industries.

A STUDY ON REGIONAL CIRCULAR ECONOMY SYSTEM AND ITS CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND SUGGESTION FOR SHANGHAI

The characteristics of the traditional linear economic model are high consumption, high emission and low efficiency. Economic development is still largely at the expense of the environment and requires a natural resource investment. This can realize rapid economic development but resource depletion and environmental pollution become increasingly serious. In the 1990's a new economic model, circular economics, began to enter our vision. The circular economy maximizes production and minimizes the impact of economic activities on the ecological environment through organizing the activities through the closed-loop feedback cycle of "resources - production - renewable resource". Circular economy is a better way to solve the contradictions between the economic development and resource shortages. Developing circular economy has become the major strategic initiatives to achieving sustainable development in countries all over the world. The evaluation of the development of circular economics is a necessary step for regional circular economy development. Having a quantitative evaluation of circular economy can better monitor and reveal the contradictions and problems in the process of the development of recycling economy. This thesis will: 1) Create an evaluation model framework and new types of industries and 2) Make an evaluation of the Shanghai circular economy currently to analyze the situation of Shanghai in the development of circular economy. I will then propose suggestions about the structure and development of Shanghai circular economy.