Diversidad zoológica asociada a un silvopastoreo leucaena-guinea con diferentes edades de establecimiento

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad zoológica asociada a un silvopastoreo con leucaena-guinea, por medio de la caracterización de la composición y estructura de las aves, insectos y la macrofauna del suelo, en cuatro edades de establecimiento (3, 4, 5 y 6 años de explotación). Con las especies registradas en cada uno de estos grupos zoológicos, se calcularon los índices ecológicos: número de individuos, riqueza, diversidad y abundancia de especies, en diferentes edades del sistema. En todos los grupos, se apreció el aumento significativo en la riqueza de especies y en el índice de diversidad biológica de Shannon, en la medida que se desarrolló el sistema. Se observó incremento en la abundancia de insectos biorreguladores y, en relación con las aves, el horario de muestreo no mostró interacción con los distintos años de siembra. La macrofauna se incrementó, observándose dominancia de anélidos al 6º y 7º año de explotación, caracterizado por Polyferetrina elongata y Oligochaeta elegans. El desarrollo del silvopastoreo leucaena-guinea logra sistemas productivos pecuarios que aumentan la producción de biomasa y de otros componentes biológicos y contribuir para crear un sistema sostenible y compatible con el ambiente.

Telemedicine Experience for Chronic Care in COPD

Information and telecommunication technologies are called to play a major role in the changes that healthcare systems have to face to cope with chronic disease. This paper reports a telemedicine experience for the home care of chronic patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an integrated system designed to carry out this experience. To determine the impact on health, the chronic care telemedicine system was used during one year (2002) with 157 COPD patients in a clinical experiment; endpoints were readmissions and mortality. Patients in the intervention group were followed up at their homes and could contact the care team at any time through the call center. The care team shared a unique electronic chronic patient record (ECPR) accessible through the web-based patient management module or the home visit units. Results suggest that integrated home telemedicine services can support health professionals caring for patients with chronic disease, and improve their health.We have found that simple telemedicine services (ubiquitous access to ECPR, ECPR shared by care team, accessibility to case manager, problem reporting integrated in ECPR) can increase the number of patients that were not readmitted (51% intervention, 33% control), are acceptable to professionals, and involve low installation and exploitation costs. Further research is needed to determine the role of telemonitoring and televisit services for this kind of patients.

The N-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein represents a target of protective immunity.

The N-terminal domain of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has been largely neglected in the search for a malaria vaccine in spite of being a target of inhibitory antibodies and protective T cell responses in mice. Thus, in order to develop this region as a vaccine candidate to be eventually associated with other candidates and, in particular, with the very advanced C-terminal counterpart, synthetic constructs representing N- and C-terminal regions of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei CSP were administered as single or combined formulations in mice. We show that the antisera generated against the combinations inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes in vitro better than antisera against single peptides. Furthermore, two different P. falciparum CSP N-terminal constructs (PfCS22-110 and PfCS65-110) were recognized by serum samples from people living in malaria-endemic regions. Importantly, recognition of the short N-terminal peptide (PfCS65-110) by sera from children living in a malaria-endemic region was associated with protection from disease. Taken together, these results underline the potential of using such fragments as malaria vaccine candidates.

Incubadores d'empreses: un instrument de suport a l'emprenedoria amb bona salut a Catalunya

The business incubators were newness in Catalonia during the last decade. They proliferated throughout all catalan geography, although during the last three years there have appeared some stabilization signals in the sector. Actually, it has only been created two new business incubators and the existing ones have not increased their supply, neither in physical available space nor in new services. It is observed that the profile of the existing incubators explains the strong presence of service companies. Thus, a clear attempt of specialization of the incubators is detected. At the same time, the virtual incubators and incubators linked to universities are arising new models that could be the paradigm of business incubators from now on

El fons de la Subdelegació de Policia de Dénia (1824-1836) : estudi i descripció

Hom tracta de dilucidar el context de creació i l’estructura d’un fons policial generat arran de la creació, el 1824, de la Policia General del Regne, fet que sol considerar-se el moment fundacional de la policia estatal en Espanya. A tal fi es combinen tècniques arxivístiques i historiogràfiques, coincidents en l’anàlisi institucional. Els fons de les subdelegacions de policia ens han arribat escadussers i desestructurats al si dels antics corregiments borbònics i solen trobar-se avui en arxius locals i comarcals. No obstant això, s’hi proposa un quadre de classificació.

Medidas corporales y concentración sérica y folicular de lípidos y glucosa en vacas Brahman fértiles y subfértiles

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las diferencias en las medidas corporales en vacas Brahman fértiles y subfértiles, establecer las diferencias en la concentración de colesterol, lipoproteínas y glucosa en suero y líquido folicular, y desarrollar un modelo para predecir subfertilidad en vacas Brahman a partir de las medidas corporales. Se seleccionaron vacas Brahman registradas, agrupadas en fértiles (15) y subfértiles (15) según historial reproductivo. Se tomaron muestras de suero y líquido folicular (diámetro >8 mm) para determinar colesterol, lipoproteínas, triacilgliceroles y glucosa. Las vacas subfértiles mostraron un fenotipo masculino, con medidas corporales mayores, y concentraciones de colesterol y HDL séricos y foliculares más bajas que las vacas fértiles. El colesterol y el HDL se correlacionaron positivamente entre los compartimientos en ambos grupos. La subfertilidad es más probable en vacas pesadas con hombros amplios y mayor perímetro torácico. El tamaño corporal en vacas Brahman subfértiles se relacionó con su apariencia, con cambios en los metabolitos séricos y foliculares y con las concentraciones de colesterol y HDL.

Group motivational intervention in overweight/obese patients in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in the primary healthcare area

Background The global mortality caused by cardiovascular disease increases with weight. The Framingham study showed that obesity is a cardiovascular risk factor independent of other risks such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking. Moreover, the main problem in the management of weight-loss is its maintenance, if it is achieved. We have designed a study to determine whether a group motivational intervention, together with current clinical practice, is more efficient than the latter alone in the treatment of overweight and obesity, for initial weight loss and essentially to achieve maintenance of the weight achieved; and, secondly, to know if this intervention is more effective for reducing cardiovascular risk factors associated with overweight and obesity. Methods This 26-month follow up multi-centre trial, will include 1200 overweight/obese patients. Random assignment of the intervention by Basic Health Areas (BHA): two geographically separate groups have been created, one of which receives group motivational intervention (group intervention), delivered by a nurse trained by an expert phsychologist, in 32 group sessions, 1 to 12 fortnightly, and 13 to 32, monthly, on top of their standard program of diet, exercise, and the other (control group), receiving the usual follow up, with regular visits every 3 months. Discussion By addressing currently unanswered questions regarding the maintenance in weight loss in obesity/overweight, upon the expected completion of participant follow-up in 2012, the IMOAP trial should document, for the first time, the benefits of a motivational intervention as a treatment tool of weight loss in a primary care setting.

Demand-based structural change and balanced economic growth

[eng] We analyze the equilibrium of a multi-sector exogenous growth model where the introduction of minimum consumption requirements drives structural change. We show that equilibrium dynamics simultaneously exhibt structural change and balanced growth of aggregate variables as is observed in US when the initial intensity of minimum consumption requirements is sufficiently small. This intensity is measured by the ratio between the aggregate value of the minimum consumption requirements and GDP and, therefore, it is inversely related with the level of economic development. Initially rich economies benefit from an initially low intensity of the minimum consumption requirements and, as a consequence, these economies end up exhibiting balanced growth of aggregate variables, while there is structural change. In contrast, initially poor economies suffer from an initially large intensity of the minimum consumption requirements, which makes the growth of the aggregate variables unbalanced during a very large period. These economies may never exhibit simultaneously balanced growth of aggregate variables and structural change.

Apego adulto en mujeres adoptadas: un estudio de caso sobre su relación con la construcción de la identidad

En este estudio partimos de un posicionamiento constructivista relacional (Botella, Herrero, Pacheco y Corbella, 2004) y de la Teoría del Apego (Bowlby, 1969) para el análisis del apego adulto y de su relación con la construcción de la identidad de una mujer de treinta y cinco años (Sara), adoptada a los tres. Es una investigación metodológicamente plural, puesto que incluye tanto metodologías cuantitativas como cualitativas. Analizamos una narrativa de identidad de Sara, mediante el método cualitativo de Grounded Theory (Glaser y Strauss, 1967). Administramos también el cuestionario ECR-S (Alonso-Arbiol, Balluerka y Shaver, 2007) para evaluar el apego adulto y la Rejilla de Constructos Personales (Kelly, 1955/1991) referida a la construcción del sí mismo (Butt, Burr y Bell, 1997) analizada mediante el programa RECORD (Feixas y Cornejo, 1996). Los resultados confirman la literatura previa (por ejemplo, Grosso y Nagliero, 2004; Negre, Forns y Freixa, 2007) y muestran una reconstrucción positiva en el modelo de funcionamiento interno de Sara, a partir de la resolución de dudas sobre su origen biológico. Los resultados del análisis de la Rejilla confirman que las características del patrón de apego con la madre y con el padre no tienen por qué ser similares y que una mujer puede construir su posicionamiento como madre a partir de la relación con su padre. También indican la presencia de conflictos cognitivos en la construcción de la identidad. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de investigaciones previas.

Social factors related to the clinical severity of influenza cases in Spain during the A(H1N1)2009 virus pandemic

Background During the 2009 influenza pandemic, a change in the type of patients most often affected by influenza was observed. The objective of this study was to assess the role of individual and social determinants in hospitalizations due to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection. Methods We studied hospitalized patients (cases) and outpatients (controls) with confirmed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables that might be related to the hospitalization of influenza cases were compared by estimation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the variables entered into binomial logistic regression models. Results Hospitalization due to pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infections was associated with non-Caucasian ethnicity (OR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.17 − 4.08), overcrowding (OR: 2.84, 95% CI 1.20 − 6.72), comorbidity and the lack of previous preventive information (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.50 − 4.83). Secondary or higher education was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36 − 0.87) Conclusions In addition to individual factors such as comorbidity, other factors such as educational level, ethnicity or overcrowding were associated with hospitalization due to A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infections.

Atorvastatin-loaded hydrogel affects the smooth muscle cells of human veins.

Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the major cause of stenosis of vein grafts. Drugs such as statins prevent stenosis, but their systemic administration has limited effects. We developed a hyaluronic acid hydrogel matrix, which ensures a controlled release of atorvastatin (ATV) at the site of injury. The release kinetics demonstrated that 100% of ATV was released over 10 hours, independent of the loading concentration of the hydrogel. We investigated the effects of such a delivery on primary vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from human veins. ATV decreased the proliferation, migration, and passage of human smooth muscle cells (HSMCs) across a matrix barrier in a similar dose-dependent (5-10 µM) and time-dependent manner (24-72 hours), whether the drug was directly added to the culture medium or released from the hydrogel. Expression analysis of genes known to be involved in the development of IH demonstrated that the transcripts of both the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were decreased after a 24-48-hour exposure to the hydrogel loaded with ATV, whereas the transcripts of the heme oxygenase (HO-1) and the inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator were increased. At the protein level, Cx43, PAI-1, and metalloproteinase-9 expression were decreased, whereas HO-1 was upregulated in the presence of ATV. The data demonstrate that ATV released from a hydrogel has effects on HSMCs similar to the drug being freely dissolved in the environment.

Fertilización nitrogenada después de la poda del cafeto robusta en Cambisoles

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de la fertilización mineral nitrogenada, después de la poda del cafeto robusta, sobre la productividad del cultivo y algunos indicadores químicos (pH, materia orgánica) y microbiológicos (respiración biológica y nitrificación) de dos Cambisoles en Tercer Frente, Santiago de Cuba y La Alcarraza, Holguín, durante los años 2003-2007. Se estudió la respuesta a dosis crecientes de nitrógeno (0 hasta 400 kg ha-1), en presencia de un fondo fijo de P (50 kg ha-1) y K (160 kg ha-1), en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro réplicas. Para productividades entre 0,50 y 0,84 Mg ha-1 de café, son suficientes 75 kg ha-1 de N. Aplicaciones de 100 kg ha-1 de N permitieron productividades de 1,22 a 1,25 Mg ha-1de café. Con dosis de 153 kg ha-1 de N, se logran producciones de 1,80 Mg ha-1 de café, mientras que para productividades superiores a 2 Mg ha-1 se necesita aplicar 200 kg ha-1 en ambos suelos. Se encontró un incremento importante en las productividades del cafeto por cada quilogramo de N aplicado, que osciló entre 2,13 y 7,80. Las dosis propuestas por sitio no afectaron la actividad microbiana y la materia orgánica de los suelos. Se encontró disminución del pH del suelo respecto a su estado inicial.

Help Desk Manager : aplicació Android per a la gestió d’incidències

HDM, Help Desk Manager és una aplicació android que permet crear i gestionar les incidències que es presenten en una empresa.

Detection and mapping of a lethal locus in a eucalyptus hybrid population

The objective of this work was to verify the existence of a lethal locus in a eucalyptus hybrid population, and to quantify the segregation distortion in the linkage group 3 of the Eucalyptus genome. A E. grandis x E. urophylla hybrid population, which segregates for rust resistance, was genotyped with 19 microsatellite markers belonging to linkage group 3 of the Eucalyptus genome. To quantify the segregation distortion, maximum likelihood (ML) models, specific to outbreeding populations, were used. These models consider the observed marker genotypes and the lethal locus viability as parameters. The ML solutions were obtained using the expectation‑maximization algorithm. A lethal locus in the linkage group 3 was verified and mapped, with high confidence, between the microssatellites EMBRA 189 e EMBRA 122. This lethal locus causes an intense gametic selection from the male side. Its map position is 25 cM from the locus which controls the rust resistance in this population.