Utilização de dados e técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto no monitoramento da infestação por plantas aquáticas em reservatório de hidrelétrica

As an effect of the imbalance caused by the damming of rivers and pollution, it has been observed a growing aquatic plants infestation in reservoirs for the generation of electricity. In addition to power generation, these sites have also been used for various other purposes, including recreation, attracting water and navigation. Thus it is important to evaluate these water bodies periodically, in order to verify the leading conditions to the growth of algae, plants and other organisms. In this sense, Remote sensing technology can be a valuable tool for mapping and monitoring the occupation of land in the vicinity of the water body and the optical properties of water, to provide subsidies for the effective management of these aquatic environments. This paper aims to perform the monitoring of the occurrence of aquatic plants in Salto Grande Hydropower Reservoir, located in Americana (SP) and, periodically, map the occupation of land in the vicinity of the water body, through multispectral images taken by sensors on the satellites Landsat series in seven consecutive years: 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The adopted methodological procedure included the images data and the classification of multispectral images to map, every year, the location and extension of the area infested by aquatic plants and the occupation of land

Avaliação preliminar do efeito da Physalis angulata L. sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

The obesity has been considered one of the most serious public health problem in the worldwide scale, especially for being one of the main risk factors for many chronic diseases that characterize the metabolic syndrome. In addition to these diseases, obesity also causes dermatoses that affect not only the individual emotions but also cause various cutaneous infections. Thus, overweighting can be an agent that causes many types of stress: psychological, physical and social. In order to improve people’s life quality, several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity due to the attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more health effective when compared to the treatment performed by traditional anorectic substances. If considered both food intake and also oral treatment with different compounds can promote change in the gene expression, besides an appropriate diet has been maintenance mechanism of body's vital functions. The aim of this work was to develop new standard methods for induced obesity and stress, which stress is induced through physical and psychogenic stressors in Swiss male mice. Also to evaluate the effect of supercritical extract of Physalis angulata L. on the food intake and corporeal weight loss

Efeito da quantidade do recurso na determinação do tamanho corporal, da biomassa, da abundância e da diversidade de bruquídeos e seus parasitóides

In the present study it was investigated, in plant and population scale, the relationship between the amount of resource and body size, species diversity and abundance and biomass of bruchids and their parasitoids. Possible effects of resource quality (soil quality and concentration of tannins in seeds) in response to the variables mentioned above were also analyzed. Mimosa bimucronata fruits were collected in two areas during the occurrence of bruchids during the years 2009 and 2010. Only the species of bruchid Acanthoscelides schrankiae was found infesting the fruits of M. bimucronata. The parasitoids belong to families Braconidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae. Most local-level analysis showed no significant results for both years of collection and study areas. There was only significant result for the relationship between the biomass of parasitoids and the concentration of tannins considering the year 2009 (negative trend). The soil from Lageado showed higher percentages of silt and clay. With respect to chemical analysis, pH, cation exchange capacity, and concentrations of organic matter, potassium, calcium and magnesium were all significantly higher in soil from Lageado. Therefore, it was found that the plants from Lageado are growing in more fertile soils. However, it was found that the amount of fruits and seeds was significantly higher in Rubião. Comparisons of the abundance of bruchids and parasitoids diversity among the areas that showed the highest values were observed in Rubião. In this study it was found that the abundance of bruchids and parasitoids, as well as the diversity of parasitoids was greatest in the area that had higher amounts of fruits and seeds, suggesting a significant relationship between the amount of resources and the abundance and diversity. However, it is possible that ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação do efeito ambiental nas propriedades mecânicas e viscoelásticas de compósitos híbridos de titânio/fibra de carbono/resina epóxi

Hybrid composites combining metal plates and laminates with continuous fiber reinforced polymer, called fiber-metal (CHMF), have been particularly attractive for aerospace applications, due mainly to their high mechanical strength and stiffness associated with low density. These laminates (CHMF) consist of a sandwich structure consisting of layers of polymer composites and metal plates, stacked alternately. This setting allows you to combine the best mechanical performance of polymer composites reinforced with long fibers, to the high toughness of metals. Environmental effects should always be considered in the design of structural components, because these materials in applications are submitted to the effects of moisture in the atmosphere, the large cyclical variations of temperature around 82 ° C to -56 ° C, and high effort mechanical. The specimens of fibermetal composite were prepared at EMBRAER with titanium plates and laminates of carbon fiber/epoxy resin. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different environmental conditions (water immersion, hygrothermal chamber and thermal shock) of laminate hybrid titanium/carbon fiber/epoxy resin. The effects of conditioning were evaluated by interlaminar shear tests - ILSS, tensile, and vibration free

Uso de plantas medicinais em comunidades religiosas no Brasil: conhecimento tradicional & riscos potenciais

O Brasil caracteriza-se pela pluralidade cultural e religiosa. Muitas religiões, como a Umbanda, o Candomblé e o Espiritismo, utilizam plantas em rituais ou com o intuito de combater doenças. No combate das doenças, as plantas medicinais são utilizadas com base no conhecimento tradicional, muitas vezes distorcido pela sociedade moderna. Portanto, há um risco inerente nesta prática, pois o efeito das plantas medicinais está relacionado à presença de substâncias químicas, geralmente metabólitos secundários, as quais exercem ação farmacológica de forma análoga aos fármacos sintéticos, bem como podem produzir reações adversas ou intoxicação. Além disso, o uso adequado das plantas medicinais envolve conhecimento sobre seu cultivo, colheita/coleta, modo de preparo, posologia e indicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso de plantas medicinais por comunidades religiosas e avaliar o risco de sua utilização com base em evidências científicas. Concluiu-se no trabalho que a maioria das plantas utilizadas está de acordo, totalmente, ou em parte com as indicações de uso na medicina popular ou respaldadas por estudos científicos. Porém, algumas das plantas medicinais utilizadas apresentam alta toxicidade e a indicação de uso de algumas outras, não condiz com estudos científicos ou uso na medicina popular

Efeito da infestação de macrófitas aquáticas na comunidade planctônica em um viveiro de piscicultura

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Metais pesados, atributos químicos e bioquímicos em latossolos e plantas de milho após aplicação de lodo de esgoto por dezesseis anos consecutivos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Efeito da aplicação de água residuária de graxaria em elementos químicos do solo e na produção e composição mineral de duas espécies forrageiras

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Efeito da adição de CGTase e β-ciclodextrina na qualidade e taxa de envelhecimento de pães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito fitotóxico e potencial remediador de três espécies vegetais contaminadas com benzeno

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da utilização de substitutos de gordura em queijos light

Cheeses are known to be sources of calcium, phosphorus and protein, important nutrients for a suitable nutrition. However, certain cheeses imply the ingestion of large amounts of fats, which can cause the development of coronary heart and carcinogenic diseases. Although consumers are aware of the necessity of reducing the fats intake, they are still not pleased with the quality of light cheeses available on the market, because the partial or total fat removal provides some undesirable changes, especially regarding to the product texture and flavor. In order to offer products nutritionally adequate and palatable, alternatives have been developed to improve the characteristics of light cheeses. Such alternatives include the use of fat substitutes, those additives that improve the functional and sensory characteristics of cheeses with reduced fat. Fat substitutes composed of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, or a combination of them, help the retention of moisture and eliminate the undesirable characteristics of fat reduced-cheeses. In this context, this review aims at reporting the innovations and trends on the use of fat substitutes to produce light cheeses.

Efeito Pesticida de Ésteres de Sacarose Sobre Calacarus heveae Feres (Acari: Eriophyidae) em Dois Clones de Seringueira

Sucrose esters are biodegradable, non pollutant and safe for health; moreover, they have shown great potential in the pest control. We tested a crude mix of sucrose esters on the survivorship and oviposition of Calacarus heveae Feres (Acari: Eriophyidae) females, an important rubber tree pest mite. The females were collected from rubber leaflets of the GT 1 and RRIM 600 clones. The mites were kept on stock arenas placed in rearing chamber at 28 + 0,1°C, 80 + 10% of relative humidity and 12h of light phase about two weeks before the assays. After this period, the mites were transferred to assay arenas made with leaflets from the same clone of stock arenas. The survivorship of females sprayed with sucrose esters in the concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L and their oviposition effect with 0.5 and 1 g/L were analyzed. The mites sprayed with 4 g/L had about 80% of mortality, while those with 1 g/L around 60%. All mites that died in the treatments with sucrose ester became dark with wrinkled tegument and decreased their body volume, suggesting dehydration. We also observed the efficacy of 1 g/L concentration to decrease the female oviposition in about 50%, in the third day after spraying. No differences were observed in the mortality and oviposition between females kept on both clones.

Efeito residual do calcário e da escória de siderurgia em soqueiras da cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Doses de potássio e umidades de solo para o crescimento de plantas de mogno-africano

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Efeito de doses de vermicomposto na produção de materia seca e óleo essencial de Foeniculum vulgare

Introdução:.O cultivo de plantas medicinais é uma prática essencial para a conservação das espécies e para garantir a oferta de matéria-prima com padrão de qualidade constante. Para que a terapia com plantas medicinais tenha eficácia e segurança, é imprescindível ao longo do cultivo, a execução de práticas fitotécnicas adequadas a cada espécie vegetal, visto que o desenvolvimento desta está sob a influencia das variações climáticas, dos cuidados com a irrigação, adubação, etc. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de diferentes doses de vermicomposto na produção de matéria seca e óleo essencial de Foeniculum vulgare Mill., cultivado em vasos em condições de estufa agrícola. Material e métodos: Sementes de F. vulgare foram colhidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais e Tóxicas da FCF-UNESP e semeadas em vasos de 300 mL. Após 40 dias da semeadura as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos de 4L contendo solo tratado com vermicomposto nas doses de 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 t ha-1. Ao final de 90 dias de cultivo as partes aéreas (folhas e caules) foram colhidas, secadas e analisadas quanto ao teor de óleo essencial. A identificação do anetol no óleo essencial foi realizada por CCD. Resultados: Os tratamentos durante o período de cultivo analisado influenciaram a produção de biomassa das plantas e também a produção do óleo essencial, porém sem uma correspondência diretamente proporcional. As plantas tenderam a produzir mais biomassa do que óleos essenciais em relação ao tratamento testemunha. Conclusão: Houve influência das doses de vermicomposto no cultivo de funcho (durante 90 dias, em vasos, em casa de vegetação), porém não correlacionada à produção de óleo essencial das folhas.