Alfabetizar crianças na escola pública: fazeres docentes em discussão

The most recent data of the Brazilian Test (BRAZIL, 2005) and of the SAEB (BRAZIL, 2007) have reaffirmed the serious situation of the Brazilian public school, where great part of the students, after to conclude 4º year of basic education, does not present minimum knowledge of reading and writing. In this picture, the situation of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, whose students had presented, in the last evaluation is particularly difficult, the worse performances of the country, in this area. The data also discloses that the failure pertaining to school, closely tied with the failure in the literacy, not only remains, as takes other aspects. In consequence of this picture, the literacy, even so widely argued in the last few decades, still instigates inquiries, as it is the case of this work. Our study got shaped due to reflections, as much to the theorizations to which we had access, as of the emergent questions of ours pedagogical practice. Through the past three decades, the studies in the area of literacy with the purpose to understand the constituent nature of the process, its aspects and its determinative ones has been intensified. The produced knowledge has contributed for the overcoming of the reductionist form as if it thought/thinks, in some contexts - this process. Such statements impel them to reflect concerning what is happening in the school, limiting or making possible the pertaining to school success. With these concerns, we delimit, as focus of study, the teaching action, having the following stunning question: What to make professors, in the context of the public school, to propitiate or hinder the process of literacy of the children? In this direction, our object of study is to make them professors who can propitiate or hinder the process of literacy of the children, in the context of the public school. The objective work to investigate, from practical of professors the teachers, that to make professors related to the literacy process - they can propitiate or hinder the learning of the written language, for the pupils of the public school, at the beginning of the school process. The work if inscribes in the qualitative boarding of research and if it configures as a case study, with characteristics of Research-Action, inspired by the following principles: authenticity and commitment and systematic restitution. For the retraction of the data, they had been used: half-structuralized interview; participant comment; meeting of studies and reflection; register in daily of field. We define as locus of study, a school of public net and, more specifically, a group of the initial years of school process that integrates the cycle of literacy . Of the five invited teachers, only one demonstrated interest in participating of the work. Its group of first year of the First Cycle of basic education is composed for 34 children, with ages between six the nine years. The data constructed by means of the described procedures, as well as its analysis, make possible to identify, between the many aspects and to make that they compose the pedagogical dynamics in the context of classroom, the following categories to make articulated with the literacy process: 1. To make of practical the relative ones to the planning, understood as To make relative: 1,1 distribution of the time-space/routine; 1.2 to the didactic activities and/or sequences and teaching interventions; 1.3 to the organization/election of the contents; 1.4 to the materials/didactic resources and 1.5 to the evaluation. 2. To make relative to the interaction professor-pupil, systemize in: 2.1 attention to the diversity; 2.2 to the affectivity. These to make, in the form as if materialized in the practical one observed, had been reflected, jointly with the teacher, as constituting parts of obstacles to a perspective of literacy. By means of the sharing of the reflections, anchored in theoretical conceptions concerning the practical one of teach-learning and, more specifically, of literacy, we register indications of new meanings of these to make on the part of the teacher in conducting them as providers of learning of its pupils, first purpose of its teaching performance. This finishing, possible synthesis at this moment is, therefore, point of fond and departure for new studies

Foucault e a arte do cuidado de si: uma nova possibilidade de Discussão para a formação continuada de professores de língua inglesa

This thesis proposes a new thinking on the English teacher and their continuing education, leaving the picture emerging of a new professional, who is producing and being produced. From this perspective, I present an analysis of self writing of thirteen student-teachers, teachers on how they position themselves to be discursively constituted as subjects in the context of continuing education. As part of Applied Linguistics, the theory and method that supports the analysis of data are articulate key elements of Foucault notions, namely:The care of the self, seeking their connection with one another and care of and the self writing. In the theoretical notions of these elements are implied notions of others, such as speech, ethics, technology of the self, subject and truth. (Foucault, 1984, 1995, 2004c, 2006), and questioning the ethics of the subject. I propose to examine selected excerpts from the self writings of student teachers with a specialization in Teaching and Learning the English Language, seeking linguistic processes in the material production of subjectivities.In order to analyze the process of subjectivation, I examine the discursive statements of selected cuts, aiming to learn more specifically, the points of identification and fragments of the uniqueness of the teachers, showing how they care for themselves and reflect upon them in building their subjectivity from the technologies of the self, to occupy the position of English Language teachers. The results show that, in the exercise of self writing, the subject falls, and a practice of asceticism, discursively construct her/his subjectivity

Caracterização dos enunciados de um aluno não-falante usuário de recurso suplementar de comunicação durante a construção de histórias

A narrativa pode conectar elementos diversos e, assim, promover a construção de sentenças verticais e horizontais, frente à mediação de interlocutor. Esta pesquisa visou analisar a extensão e a organização sintática dos enunciados de narrativas construídas por um aluno não-falante usuário de recurso suplementar de comunicação. Previamente à construção das narrativas, selecionadas de acordo com os centros de interesse, idade, grau de escolaridade e temáticas trabalhadas na escola do aluno, símbolos gráficos do Picture Communication Symbols eram confeccionados e adaptados para que, por meio destes e dos recursos verbais e não-verbais inerentes à atividade discursiva, a história pudesse ser contada, por acesso visual e auditivo, pelo interlocutor e recontada pelo aluno, após a estruturação e organização dos múltiplos signos em sentenças. Todas as interações foram filmadas e complementadas com anotações de um diário de registro contínuo. Após a análise das transcrições das fitas e das anotações do diário, foi possível determinar três estágios de unidades significativas: 1) Caracterização ou natureza dos elementos constituintes dos enunciados das narrativas em: a) objeto; b) símbolo gráfico; c) escrita; d) vocalização; e) gesto representativo; 2) Extensão dos enunciados das narrativas de 1 a 6 elementos, linearmente, e 7 ou mais elementos; 3) Organização sintática dos elementos constituintes das narrativas em sujeito, verbo e objeto isolados, em sentenças verticais, e associados, em sentenças horizontais. Ressaltou-se, assim, a ampliação e aprimoramento da organização e da estrutura sintática dos enunciados das narrativas construídas pelo aluno mediado pelo interlocutor.

Desempenho ortográfico de escolares do 2º ao 5º ano do ensino público

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Teleparallel origin of the Fierz picture for spin-2 particle

A new approach to the description of a spin-2 particle in flat and curved spacetime is developed on the basis of the teleparallel gravity theory. We show that such an approach is in fact a true and natural framework for the Fierz representation proposed recently by Novello and Neves. More specifically, we demonstrate how the teleparallel theory fixes uniquely the structure of the Fierz tensor, discover the transparent origin of the gauge symmetry of the spin-2 model, and derive the linearized Einstein operator from the fundamental identity of the teleparallel gravity. In order to cope with the consistency problem on the curved spacetime, similarly to the usual Riemannian approach, one needs to include the nonminimal (torsion dependent) coupling terms.

A new proposal for the picture changing operators in the minimal pure spinor formalism

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho ortográfico de escolares do 2º ao 5º ano do ensino particular

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

QED(3) RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS IN THE HEISENBERG PICTURE

We evaluate the vacuum polarization tensor for three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED3) via Heisenberg equations of motion in order to clarify the problem arising from the use of different regularization prescriptions in the interaction picture. We conclude that the photon does acquire physical mass of topological origin when such contribution is taken into account for the photon propagator.

The thermohydrodynamical picture of a charged Brownian particle

We study a charged Brownian gas with a non uniform bath temperature, and present a thermohydrodynamical picture. Expansion on the collision time probes the validity of the local equilibrium approach and the relevant thermodynamical variables. For the linear regime we present several applications (some novel).

The thermohydrodynamical picture of Brownian motion via a generalized Smoluchowsky equation

Via an operator continued fraction scheme, we expand Kramers equation in the high friction limit. Then all distribution moments are expressed in terms of the first momemt (particle density). The latter satisfies a generalized Smoluchowsky equation. As an application, we present the nonequilibrium thermodynamics and hydrodynamical picture for the one-dimensional Brownian motion. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

On the picture dependence of Ramond-Ramond cohomology

Closed string physical states are BRST cohomology classes computed on the space of states annihilated by b- 0. Since b- 0 does not commute with the operations of picture changing, BRST cohomologies at different pictures need not agree. We show explicitly that Ramond-Ramond (RR) zero-momentum physical states are inequivalent at different pictures, and prove that non-zero-momentum physical states are equivalent in all pictures. We find that D-brane states represent BRST classes that are non-polynomial on the superghost zero-modes, while RR gauge fields appear as polynomial BRST classes. We also prove that in x-cohomology, the cohomology where the zero-mode of the spatial coordinates is included, there is a unique ghost-number one BRST class responsible for the Green-Schwarz anomaly, and a unique ghost number minus one BRST class associated with RR charge. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Gauged thirring model in the Heisenberg picture

We consider the (2+1)-dimensional gauged Thirring model in the Heisenberg picture. In this context we evaluate the vacuum polarization tensor as well as the corrected gauge boson propagator and address the issues of generation of mass and dynamics for the gauge boson (in the limits of QED 3 and Thirring model as a gauge theory, respectively) due to the radiative corrections.

Charged Brownian particles: Kramers and Smoluchowski equations and the hydrothermodynamical picture

We consider a charged Brownian gas under the influence of external and non-uniform electric, magnetic and mechanical fields, immersed in a non-uniform bath temperature. With the collision time as an expansion parameter, we study the solution to the associated Kramers equation, including a linear reactive term. To the first order we obtain the asymptotic (overdamped) regime, governed by transport equations, namely: for the particle density, a Smoluchowski- reactive like equation; for the particle's momentum density, a generalized Ohm's-like equation; and for the particle's energy density, a MaxwellCattaneo-like equation. Defining a nonequilibrium temperature as the mean kinetic energy density, and introducing Boltzmann's entropy density via the one particle distribution function, we present a complete thermohydrodynamical picture for a charged Brownian gas. We probe the validity of the local equilibrium approximation, Onsager relations, variational principles associated to the entropy production, and apply our results to: carrier transport in semiconductors, hot carriers and Brownian motors. Finally, we outline a method to incorporate non-linear reactive kinetics and a mean field approach to interacting Brownian particles. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.