La escolarización del alumnado extranjero: situación actual y perspectivas

Les implicacions dels conceptes 'inclusió escolar' i 'educació intercultural' a l'escolarització de l'alumnat estranger

Competencias en educación superior desde tres perspectivas diferentes: estudiantes, empleadores y académicos

La inserción laboral de los titulados universitarios es una cuestión crucial dentro del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Su elevada importancia está dando lugar a un creciente número de análisis sobre las competencias de los estudiantes universitarios. Muchos de estos trabajos se centran en la percepción de los estudiantes recién titulados. El presente trabajo busca complementar este enfoque con la percepción del resto de agentes implicados. Con este objetivo, el análisis se centra en las competencias de los graduados en el ámbito de las ciencias económicas desde una triple perspectiva: la de los recién titulados, la de los empleadores y la de los profesores. Los resultados, obtenidos a partir de una encuesta, ponen de manifiesto que entre las competencias más valoradas se encuentran la capacidad de aprendizaje, de organización y planificación y el trabajao en equipo. Sin embargo, se han obtenido diferencias significativas en función del tipo de competencia y también entre los distintos colectivos analizados. Por lo que respecta al desajuste entre la percepción sobre el nivel de competencias adquirido y el nivel requerido para incorporarse al mercado laboral, el mayor grado de discrepancia se observa entre docentes y graduados, en relación a las competencias de tipo personal; mientras que los empleadores discrepan de los docentes fundamentalmente en cuanto a las competencias de tipo profesional o específico que, en su opinión, un graduado debería reunir. Donde sí se ha obtenido un consenso es en la necesidad de fomentar la capacidad de síntesis, de organización, de trabajar en equipo y de adaptarse a nuevas situaciones. En este trabajo también se presenta un análisis de las metodologías docentes empleadas, comparando la visión de los académicos con la de los titulados. La resolución de problemas es para ambos colectivos el método docente considerado como más eficaz, a pesar de que su nivel de desarrollo no está en consonancia. Por el contrario, tanto docentes como graduados coinciden en los exámenes, desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje, como el método de menor utilidad.

Discriminação quiral por CLAE em carbamatos de polissacarídeos: desenvolvimento, aplicações e perspectivas

The importance of chromatographic separation of enantiomers has been acknowledged. This review surveys the development, application and perspectives of polysaccharide carbamates as chiral stationary phase for HPLC.

La integración de Internet en la educación escolar española : situación actual y perspectivas de futuro

The main objectives and findings of this first research report are presented in this chapter."The Implementation of the Internet in the Spanish Education System: State of Affairs and Future Prospects" is a large-scale research project that seeks to obtain relevant data about the introduction and dissemination of Information and Communication Technology, particularly the internet, in the practical and organizational general procedures of the Spanish schools and high schools. The project articulates the processes of ICT implementation on the primary and secondary education levels embracing a holistic approach, propped up by an empirical and analytical research methodology. Thus, our survey does not intend to detect which is the impact of ICT on school activities but how all the agents involved in the school community incorporate ICT and what use they make of it. We are especially interested in identifying the teachers' pedagogical and professional uses of ICT, how students use it in their activities and to what extent it contributes in reinforcing teamwork and participation proceedings in the institutions, as well as the relations between the latter and their context. It is also of our interest to know the factors that exert the strongest influence on the way teachers, head teachers and students make use of ICT. Finally, we intend to identify the ways ICT may contribute to the improvementof educational practices.

Avaliação quantitativa de cardenolídeos no cultivar experimental de Digitalis lanata do maciço do itatiaia e perspectivas de seu emprego industrial

The content of digoxin and lanatoside C (jointly quantified), lanatoside A, lanatoside B, glucoevatromonoside, odorobioside G, glucogitoroside, glucoverodoxine, glucodigifucoside and digitalinum verum was determined by HPLC in Digitalis lanata harvested in Brazil, as well as in clones industrially employed for the production of cardenolides. The Brazilian plants presented greater variation in the contents of cardenolides than the analyzed clones. Lanatoside C and digoxin concentrations were higher in the clones (6120±640 nmol/g dry leaf) than in the Brazilian plants (1820±900 nmol/g dry leaf). The concentrations of these glycosides were found to be within the range described for native species and also were similar to an European cultivar, what makes possible its industrial use for the cardenolides production.

La integración de Internet en la educación escolar española : situación actual y perspectivas de futuro

The main objectives and findings of this first research report are presented in thischapter. "The Implementation of the Internet in the Spanish Education System: State of Affairsand Future Prospects" is a large-scale research project that seeks to obtain relevant data about the introduction and dissemination of Information and Communication Technology, particularly the internet, in the practical and organizational general procedures of the Spanish schools and high schools. The project articulates the processes of ICT implementation on the primary andsecondary education levels embracing a holistic approach, propped up by an empirical and analytical research methodology. Thus, our survey does not intend to detect which is the impact of ICT on school activities but how all the agents involved in the school community incorporate ICT and what use they make of it. We are especially interested in identifying the teachers' pedagogical and professional uses of ICT, how students use it in their activities and to what extent it contributes in reinforcing teamwork andparticipation proceedings in the institutions, as well as the relations between the latter and their context. It is also of our interest to know the factors that exert the strongest influence on the way teachers, head teachers and students make use of ICT. Finally, we intend to identify the ways ICT may contribute to the improvement of educational practices.

Nuevas perspectivas de la orientación profesional para responder a los cambios y necesidades de la sociedad de hoy = New Perspectives in Career Counseling which Respond to the Changes and Needs of Society Today

In this paper a brief outline of the origin and development of vocational guidance and career development during the 20thcentury is presented We elaborate a summary of the changes society has suffered during the last decades, and which affect career counselling either directly or indirectly, and which imply a need for modifications in the current approach to career counselling. Subsequently, we propose new perspectives that will be needed to face these changes, and which have been suggested by different authors. Also some competencies needed by career counselors while acting at different levels of intervention are suggested

Uma visão das tendências e perspectivas em eletrocromismo: a busca de novos materiais e desenhos mais simples

Some aspects of electrochromism phenomena are presented in this review paper. A deep literature revision about the subject dealing with materials and device configurations developed in the last years, is presented. Great efforts of the scientific community have been done in this field. On the other hand, new electrochomic devices based on reversible deposition of metals are specially emphasized here. These devices present many advantages such as simple operation and construction and they have also shown high cycling rates. These factors make them suitable for application in display industry. In this way, many concepts used in the developement of electrodeposition baths are very useful for the improvement of these new devices; specially, all knowledge about the use of additives for modifying films microstructure and morfology.

Terapia fotodinâmica: princípios, potencial de aplicação e perspectivas

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been designated as a promising new modality in the treatment of cancer and other diseases since the early 1980s. It has been used with success for the treatment of a variety of tumours, and attempts are being made to extend this treatment modality to other clinical conditions (as example, the inactivation of viruses in blood and blood components). This can be partly attributed to the very attractive basic concept of PDT: the combination of a photosensitizing drug and light, which are relatively harmless by themselves but combined (in the presence of oxygen) ultimately cause more or less selective tumour destruction.

Biocerâmicas: tendências e perspectivas de uma área interdisciplinar

The need for new materials to substitute injured or damaged parts of the human body has led scientists of different areas to the investigation of bioceramics since the 70's, when other materials in use started to show implantation problems. Bioceramics show some advantages like being the material that best mimics the bone tissue but also, present low mechanical strength due to its ceramic nature. This paper presents a general view about the topic.

Principais avanços e perspectivas na área de produtos naturais ativos: estudos desenvolvidos no NIQFAR/UNIVALI

This work describes the more promising chemical and pharmacological or biological results obtained with some selected Brazilian medicinal plants, which has been conducted at Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR)/UNIVALI in the last five years. It was found that several phytoconstituents exhibit different activities, such as antispasmodic, antiallergic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral. Some of them were more potent than some well-known standard drugs used clinically.

Índices de reatividade química a partir da teoria do funcional de densidade: formalismo e perspectivas

The fundaments of the modern Density Functional Theory (DFT), its basic theorems, principles and methodology are presented. This review also discuss important and widely used concepts in chemistry but that had not been precisely defined until the development of the DFT. These concepts were proposed and used from an empirical base, but now their precise definition are well established in the DFT formalism. Concepts such as chemical potential (electronegativity), hardness, softness and Fukui function are presented and their consequences to the understanding of chemical reactivity are discussed.