991 resultados para Obesidade Prevenção - Teses
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
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Nas ltimas dcadas, o mundo tem vivenciado um grande aumento da prevalncia de obesidade. Entre os fatores que levam a esta condio, esto o sedentarismo e o consumo de alimentos altamente calricos. A obesidade considerada uma condio de inflamao crnica de baixo grau, que leva ao desenvolvimento de doenas crnicas no transmissveis, como diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertenso arterial. O consumo de compostos biologicamente ativos, dentre eles os flavonoides ctricos, tem mostrado ter papel importante no controle da inflamao, e de alteraes no metabolismo decorrentes do excesso de peso e gordura corporal. Neste trabalho foram revisados trabalhos sobre flavonoides ctricos e seu papel na inflamao relacionada obesidade, assim como nas alteraes decorrentes desse processo. Os artigos foram divididos em dois grupos: suplementao com extratos de flavonoides e com flavonoides isolados. Nos dois grupos os trabalhos demonstraram o papel benfico dos flavonoides ctricos no metabolismo lipdico, e diminuindo marcadores biolgicos de inflamao, como protenas e enzimas, tanto nos modelos experimentais quanto em linhagens celulares de adipcitos e hepatcitos. A reduo de massa corprea tambm foi observada em ratos e camundongos suplementados com os flavonoides ctricos. Entretanto, no que concerne obesidade e diminuio da massa corprea em humanos, os trabalhos so inconclusivos at o momento.
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Com o crescimento significativo da pecuria brasileira houve a evoluo de medidas sanitrias de controle, prevenção e erradicao de enfermidades animais que assolam o pas. De uma maneira peculiar, ao se falar sobre as doenas animais que so de grande relevncia para a economia e sociedade brasileira, indispensvel citar a febre aftosa. Essa enfermidade, tambm conhecida como foot and mouth disease, economicamente, a mais importante presente na pecuria: infecciosa, com carter agudo e febril, altamente contagiosa, que afeta animais de cascos fendidos e causa leses vesiculares, lceras e eroses. Caractersticas como ampla gama de hospedeiros no qual pode se instalar, elevada quantidade de partculas virais em excrees respiratrias, rpida taxa de replicao e variados modos de transmisso, fazem da febre aftosa uma doena de escolha para a erradicao. Desde a regulamentao do servio de defesa sanitria animal no pas, em 1934, j se percebia a importncia de controlar a mesma. Em 1951, o Programa Nacional de Controle de Febre Aftosa (PNCFA) foi o primeiro programa nacional de sade animal a ser implantado no Brasil. Com os avanos no setor de defesa sanitria, houve, em 1992, a implantao do Programa Nacional de Erradicao e Prevenção da Febre Aftosa (PNEFA). Em um processo de transformao gradual, nota-se que todo esse controle e pesquisa epidemiolgica dessa infeco em nosso pas proporcionaram avanos iminentes para seu combate e, consequentemente, para a sanidade dos animais e qualidade dos produtos e derivados de origem animal: como se pode verificar atravs da evoluo das regies reconhecidas livres dessa doena e da ausncia de casos nos ltimos oito anos
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by accumulation of lipid and fibrous components in arterial vessels, giving rise to atheromas. Development of Atheromatou plaques leads to arterial steatosis, triggering ischemic events. Atherotrombosis has a strong correlation with atherosclerosis, where rupture of atheromatous plaques cause release of vessel wall's pro-thrombotic components, activating platelet aggregation and thromosis. Due to the major role played by platelets on thrombus-embolic conditions, drugs that inhibit platelet aggregation demonstrate great relevance for atherothrombosis prevention, reducing patient mortality. Currently, there are a variety of drugs acting on several different targets, preventing platelet activation. However, these therapies demosntrate side effects such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hemorrhage and low oral availability. Thus, the application of molecular modifications such as hybridization can produce novel, more efficient antiplatelet aggregation inhibitors. In this project we describe the synthesis and characterization of novel N-acilhydrazone compounds, acting through multiple mechanisms such as platelet calcium chelation and nitric oxide donation by furoxanic subunits. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such compounds exhibit biological activity in in vivo bleeding time, in vitro antiplatelet aggregation and in vivo antinociceptive assays. Therefore, novel N-acilhydrazone compounds demonstrate potential as antiplatelet drugs for atherothrombosis prevention.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)
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This paper aims to base the thesis that the varied currents of the post-modern thought, in so far as have recourse to relativism to a greater or lesser degree, contribute to the legitimation of the religious education in public schools and, in a broader aspect, the religion in the public spaces. The methodological resource used to demonstrate the link between post-modern thought and religious education is the analysis at the historical and dialectical materialism perspective of publications produced to increase teachers on this discipline that is, in compliance with the Constitution, optional for students and mandatory for public elementary schools. The subject of this analysis is the learning content and has as prime concern to highlight the discourse of legitimation recurrent in authors when it is explicit in itself and explicit when it does not. The religious education in public schools as object of study allows us to understand the relationship between the post-modern thought, with its hegemony space within the human sciences and contextualized in the neoliberal economic environment, and the learning to learn pedagogies currently hegemonic in the educational landscape. We intend to contribute to the legal debate on laity, the philosophical debate on post-modernism and especially to the debate on the pedagogical theories in the educational fundaments.
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Sexual violence against girls under the age of eighteen, in the form of sexual abuse has been identified as an endemic phenomenon by public officials in the cities of So Paulo. Among t agents and tutelary councilors, which reveal the size of their work linked to the Social Assistance System, the Health System and the Public Security System, dialoguing with their local agents. However, prevent sexual abuse and exploitation constitutes a greater challenge, consciously or unconsciously. This paper opens a discussion on the urgency of designing social networks to prevent sexual violence, with participation of researchers and university students. It is based on surveys of public officials in the years 2011 to 2013 in five cities of So Paulo, with over 200 thousand inhabitants.
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The present article aims to elaborate an objective analytical panel, initially from the 1920- 1930 when Luiz Igncio Romeiro de Anhaia Mello, cathedratic in the urban question, started to quote a series of authors and American plans as references to their reflections, mainly when the point was the verticalization or not at So Paulo City. From a broad bibliographic research with the systematization of the register from the debate between Anhaia Mello, this article intends to point out how the transposition of the urbanistic conceptions to the academic environment happened and, at the same time, the legal normatization of the So Paulo City that resulted in the creation of a draft of the regulations for use and occupation of the soil. The systematizations and analysis were based in a broad reading of the bibliography and documental sources that refer to the proposed theme. The books of the library of FAU-USP, specifically the one from SAGMACS Sociedade de Anlises Grficas e Mecanogrficas Aplicadas aos Complexos Sociais ( Society of Graphical Mechanical-Graphic Analysis Applied to Social Complexes) -, aiming to select papers and the collection of Anhaia Mellos family, so that a reconstruction of the intellectual and professional journey of the Urbanism Professor. The systematization of the collected data and posterior comparison with the bibliographical study was fundamental for the reconstruction of the reflection of Anhaia Mello about the ways of the urban streets and roads at Sao Paulo City should be lead to on the middle of the XX century having as a guideline the debate between Anhaia Mello very common on the 1950s for less important countries when dealing with the organization of the size of industrial metropolis. It was possible to identify the crystallization of one urbanistic proposal for the city: the from Anhaia Mello, that bet on the reversion of the metropolitan cycle by stopping the urban growth by the application of the theoretical conception of the garden city.
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Esta reviso avaliou a eficcia da utilizao da vacina E. coli J5, na imunizao de vacas e novilhas leiteiras no ps-parto, em relao prevenção de novos casos de mastite clnica, reduo na gravidade dos sinais clnicos dos animais acometidos pela enfermidade, assim como na contagem de clulas somticas presentes no leite dos animais doentes. O experimento contou com a avaliao dos dados encontrados em seis trabalhos cientficos, divididos em dois grupos, trs com estudos em vacas e trs com estudos em novilhas. A prevenção de casos de mastite clnica foi observada somente em vacas; no grupo das novilhas no houve diferena entre vacinados e no vacinados. Em relao gravidade dos sinais clnicos dos animais acometidos com mastite, tanto no grupo das novilhas quanto no das vacas, a vacina mostrou-se eficaz, reduzindo custos com tratamentos, descarte de leite e de animais. Sobre a eficcia da vacina em reduzir contagem de clulas somticas presentes no leite dos animais com mastite, a vacina no se mostrou eficaz em vacas e novilhas. Anlise econmica indica que a vacina E. coli J5 lucrativa para produtores de leite de grande, mdio e pequeno porte, sendo recomendada tanto para vacas quanto para novilhas, por reduzir os custos de produo e facilitar o manejo das granjas leiteiras
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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Ps-graduao em Ginecologia, Obstetrcia e Mastologia - FMB