834 resultados para Monitoramento de poços petrolíferos
Resumo:
Many challenges have been presented in petroleum industry. One of them is the preventing of fluids influx during drilling and cementing. Gas migration can occur as result of pressure imbalance inside the well when well pressure becomes lower than gas zone pressure and in cementing operation this occurs during cement slurry transition period (solid to fluid). In this work it was developed a methodology to evaluate gas migration during drilling and cementing operations. It was considered gel strength concept and through experimental tests determined gas migration initial time. A mechanistic model was developed to obtain equation that evaluates bubble displacement through the fluid while it gels. Being a time-dependant behavior, dynamic rheological measurements were made to evaluate viscosity along the time. For drilling fluids analyzed it was verified that it is desirable fast and non-progressive gelation in order to reduce gas migration without affect operational window (difference between pore and fracture pressure). For cement slurries analyzed, the most appropriate is that remains fluid for more time below critical gel strength, maintaining hydrostatic pressure above gas zone pressure, and after that gels quickly, reducing gas migration. The model developed simulates previously operational conditions and allow changes in operational and fluids design to obtain a safer condition for well construction
Resumo:
The Electrical Submersible Pumping is an artificial lift method for oil wells employed in onshore and offshore areas. The economic revenue of the petroleum production in a well depends on the oil flow and the availability of lifting equipment. The fewer the failures, the lower the revenue shortfall and costs to repair it. The frequency with which failures occur depends on the operating conditions to which the pumps are submitted. In high-productivity offshore wells monitoring is done by operators with engineering support 24h/day, which is not economically viable for the land areas. In this context, the automation of onshore wells has clear economic advantages. This work proposes a system capable of automatically control the operation of electrical submersible pumps, installed in oil wells, by an adjustment at the electric motor rotation based on signals provided by sensors installed on the surface and subsurface, keeping the pump operating within the recommended range, closest to the well s potential. Techniques are developed to estimate unmeasured variables, enabling the automation of wells that do not have all the required sensors. The automatic adjustment, according to an algorithm that runs on a programmable logic controller maintains the flow and submergence within acceptable parameters avoiding undesirable operating conditions, as the gas interference and high engine temperature, without need to resort to stopping the engine, which would reduce the its useful life. The control strategy described, based on modeling of physical phenomena and operational experience reported in literature, is materialized in terms of a fuzzy controller based on rules, and all generated information can be accompanied by a supervisory system
Resumo:
The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was monitoring, in trimestral scale, the coastal morphology of the Northeastern coast sections of Rio Grande do Norte State, in Brazil, which is an area of Potiguar Basin influenced by the oil industry activities. The studied sections compose coastal areas with intense sedimentary erosion and high environmental sensitivity to the oil spill. In order to achieve the general objective of this study, the work has been systematized in four steps. The first one refers to the evaluation of the geomorphological data acquisition methodologies used on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of sandy beaches. The data has been obtained from Soledade beach, located on the Northeastern coast of Rio Grande Norte. The second step has been centered on the increasing of the reference geodetic infrastructure to accomplish the geodetic survey of the studied area by implanting a station in Corta Cachorro Barrier Island and by conducting monitoring geodetic surveys to understand the beach system based on the Coastline (CL) and on DEM multitemporal analysis. The third phase has been related to the usage of the methodology developed by Santos; Amaro (2011) and Santos et al. (2012) for the surveying, processing, representation, integration and analysis of Coastlines from sandy coast, which have been obtained through geodetic techniques of positioning, morphological change analysis and sediment transport. The fourth stage represents the innovation of surveys in coastal environment by using the Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), to evaluate a highly eroded section on Soledade beach where the oil industry structures are located. The evaluation has been achieved through high-precision DEM and accuracy during the modeling of the coast morphology changes. The result analysis of the integrated study about the spatial and temporal interrelations of the intense coastal processes in areas of building cycles and destruction of beaches has allowed identifying the causes and consequences of the intense coastal erosion in exposed beach sections and in barrier islands
Resumo:
The human activities responsible for the ambient degradation in the modern world are diverse. The industrial activities are preponderant in the question of the impact consequences for brazilian ecosystems. Amongst the human activities, the petroliferous industry in operation in Potiguar Petroliferous Basin (PPB) displays the constant risk of ambient impacts in the integrant cities, not only for the human populations and the environment, but also it reaches the native microorganisms of Caatinga ground and in the mangrove sediment. Not hindering, the elaboration of strategies of bioremediation for impacted areas pass through the knowledge of microbiota and its relations with the environment. Moreover, in the microorganism groups associated to oil, are emphasized the sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) that, in its anaerobic metabolism, these organisms participate of the sulfate reduction, discharging H2S, causing ambient risks and causing the corrosion of surfaces, as pipelines and tanks, resulting in damages for the industry. Some ancestries of PRS integrate the Archaea domain, group of microorganisms whose sequenced genomes present predominance of extremophilic adaptations, including surrounding with oil presence. This work has two correlated objectives: i) the detection and monitoring of the gene dsrB, gift in sulfate-reducing prokaryotes, through DGGE analysis in samples of mDNA of a mangrove sediment and semiarid soil, both in the BPP; ii) to relate genomic characteristics to the ecological aspects of Archaea through in silico studies, standing out the importance to the oil and gas industry. The results of the first work suggest that the petrodegraders communities of SRP persist after the contamination with oil in mangrove sediment and in semiarid soil. Comparing the populations of both sites, it reveals that there are variations in the size and composition during one year of experiments. In the second work, functional and structural factors are the probable cause to the pressure in maintenance of the conservation of the sequences in the multiple copies of the 16S rDNA gene. Is verified also the discrepancy established between total content GC and content GC of the same gene. Such results relating ribosomal genes and the ambient factors are important for metagenomic evaluations using PCR-DGGE. The knowledge of microbiota associated to the oil can contribute for a better destination of resources by the petroliferous industry and the development of bioremediation strategies. Likewise, search to lead to the best agreement of the performance of native microbiota in biogeochemical cycles in Potiguar Petroliferous Basin ecosystem
Resumo:
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2016.
Resumo:
2015
Resumo:
2016
Resumo:
2015
Resumo:
A agricultura é extremamente dependente e relacionada às condições climáticas, portanto as variações do clima têm reflexos diretos sobre o manejo das culturas. Desse modo, as mudanças climáticas terão efeito sobre a ocorrência, o desenvolvimento e a severidade das doenças de plantas. Para a realização de estudos de impactos das mudanças climáticas, são utilizadas estufas de topo aberto com incrementos controlados da concentração de CO2. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar a concentração de CO2 e temperatura média diária no interior das estufas de topo aberto, em intervalos de 10 minutos. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que a estufa resultou num incremento médio de 1,5 °C e a concentração de CO2 manteve-se acima dos valores obtidos em ambiente aberto.
Resumo:
O trabalho tem por objetivo maior obter inferências sobre o direcionamento da produção científica da Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite a partir da análise do comportamento dos artigos de periódicos publicados pela instituição, no período de 2010 a 2014. Nessa vertente, busca-se conhecer o impacto gerado na comunidade científica, medido pelo número de citações, bem como os principais artigos e periódicos utilizados para publicação.
Resumo:
O ácaro rajado, Tetranychus urticae, é uma das pragas mais importantes na cultura do morangueiro no Brasil, causando redução na produtividade e até morte das plantas. A fim de controlar as pragas de forma racional (com base em critérios econômicos, ecológicos e sociais), o Manejo Integrado de Pragas é pré-requisito obrigatório para Produção Integrada de Frutas (PIF). Nesse contexto, o monitoramento do Nível de Dano Econômico (NDE) é considerado ferramenta fundamental para tomada de decisão do controle. Com objetivo de determinar o controle integrado de ácaro rajado, esta praga-chave do morango foi monitorada nas plantas da Unidade Demonstrativa da Produção Integrada de Morango em Atibaia, SP. Foram avaliadas três cultivares: Oso Grande, Camino Real e Camarosa. Foram realizadas 13 amostragens desde a implantação da cultura até o presente momento. Nesse período a estratégia empregada para o controle dessa praga foi a liberação de Neoseiulus californicus quando foram detectadas infestações entre 1 e 3 ácaros T. urticae por folíolo, em pelo menos 30% dos folíolos avaliados. Outros aspectos (tratos culturais, disposição do terreno, manejo de áreas vizinhas) importantes para a definição das estratégias de controle da praga também foram observados. O monitoramento será realizado até o final da safra de 2008.
Resumo:
Este trabalho foi realizado com o intuito de avaliar a qualidade da água em tanques para piscicultura, cujo efluente é destinado para irrigação de forrageiras. O monitoramento dos aspectos físico- químicos do ambiente aquático de quatro tanques povoados com tambaqui, tilápia e pirarucu foi realizado em uma propriedade localizada no Distrito de Bebedouro, Petrolina, PE. A avaliação foi realizada durante 2 meses, com leituras semanais das variáveis: oxigênio, temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, salinidade e transparência. Quinzenalmente, foram efetivadas as análises de nitrogênio total, nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrato, nitrito, dureza, alcalinidade, fósforo total, sódio e potássio. Todas as variáveis avaliadas estavam de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos para o cultivo das espécies de peixes existentes.
Resumo:
2008
Resumo:
2008
Resumo:
O complexo Spodoptera é responsável por perdas significativas na produção de diversas culturas agrícolas no cerrado. Uma das estratégias de controle se baseia no monitoramento das populações migrantes (controle comportamental). Após screenings em túnel de vento, avaliou-se a mistura feromonal MIX-3 de atração sexual conjunta para S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides e S. eridania, cujos componentes são (Z)-9-(C)-14OAc e (Z)-9-(E)-12-(C)-14OAc. Foram instalados ensaios em áreas experimentais da Embrapa (Santo Antonio de Goiás e Santa Helena de Goiás), com culturas de algodão, amendoim e sorgo.