Traitement des infections urinaires simples: impact des résistances antibiotiques croissantes dans la communauté [Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: impact of increasing antibiotic resistance in the community].

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections are commonly encountered in primary care and frequently lead to empirical antibiotic prescriptions. The development of antibiotic resistance in the community explains treatment failures observed with commonly-prescribed drugs such as quinolones and co-trimoxazole. This article describes the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance among pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections and the consequences in terms of recommendations for empirical antibiotic therapy.

Iowa Community Empowerment Newsletter, December 2009, Vol 10, no. 5

Monthly newsletter for the Iowa Department of Public Health

Audit report on Sheldon Community School District in Sheldon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on Sheldon Community School District in Sheldon, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on Indian Hills Community College in Ottumwa, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on Indian Hills Community College in Ottumwa, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on Dunkerton Community School District in Dunkerton, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on Dunkerton Community School District in Dunkerton, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2009

Iowa Community Empowerment Newsletter, February 2010, Vol. 11, no. 1

Monthly newsletter for the Iowa Department of Public Health

New trapping method to survey for presence of the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus, the smallest mammal

The presence of the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus is hard to prove where its predator, the barn owl Tyto alba, is absent, because most live traps are not triggered by it. I therefore developed a new trapping method involving a feeding period of 1 week followed by one night of trapping using modified Trip Trap traps. I show here in detail how I caught four Etruscan shrews in 2010 with 24 traps in the Valley of Dora Baltea (Piemonte, Italy). In 2011, another 11 Etruscan shrews were caught in Piemonte and Lombardia, Italy, and Ticino, Switzerland. The proposed new method is useful for establishing the presence of the species.

Report on a special investigation of the Cedar Rapids Community School District for the period July 1, 2002 through August 24, 2009

Report on a special investigation of the Cedar Rapids Community School District for the period July 1, 2002 through August 24, 2009

Iowa Community Empowerment Newsletter, April 2010, Vol. 11, no. 2

Monthly newsletter for the Iowa Department of Public Health

Low income, community poverty and risk of end stage renal disease

BACKGROUND: The risk of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is increased among individuals with low income and in low income communities. However, few studies have examined the relation of both individual and community socioeconomic status (SES) with incident ESRD. METHODS: Among 23,314 U.S. adults in the population-based Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study, we assessed participant differences across geospatially-linked categories of county poverty [outlier poverty, extremely high poverty, very high poverty, high poverty, neither (reference), high affluence and outlier affluence]. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations of annual household income and geospatially-linked county poverty measures with incident ESRD, while accounting for death as a competing event using the Fine and Gray method. RESULTS: There were 158 ESRD cases during follow-up. Incident ESRD rates were 178.8 per 100,000 person-years (105 py) in high poverty outlier counties and were 76.3 /105 py in affluent outlier counties, p trend = 0.06. In unadjusted competing risk models, persons residing in high poverty outlier counties had higher incidence of ESRD (which was not statistically significant) when compared to those persons residing in counties with neither high poverty nor affluence [hazard ratio (HR) 1.54, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.75-3.20]. This association was markedly attenuated following adjustment for socio-demographic factors (age, sex, race, education, and income); HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.46-2.00. However, in the same adjusted model, income was independently associated with risk of ESRD [HR 3.75, 95% CI 1.62-8.64, comparing the < $20,000 income group to the > $75,000 group]. There were no statistically significant associations of county measures of poverty with incident ESRD, and no evidence of effect modification. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to annual family income, geospatially-linked measures of county poverty have little relation with risk of ESRD. Efforts to mitigate socioeconomic disparities in kidney disease may be best appropriated at the individual level.

Iowa Community Empowerment Newsletter, June 2010, Vol. 11, no. 3

Monthly newsletter for the Iowa Department of Public Health

Report on a special investigation of the Food Service Department of the Springville Community School District for the period July 1, 2005 through March 31, 2009

Report on a special investigation of the Food Service Department of the Springville Community School District for the period July 1, 2005 through March 31, 2009

Report on a special investigation of the Clinton Community School District for the period July 1, 2005 through February 28, 2010

Report on a special investigation of the Clinton Community School District for the period July 1, 2005 through February 28, 2010

Letter to the Colo-Nesco Community School District as a result of reaudit procedures performed at the request of the Superintendent pursuant to Chapter 11.6(4)(a)(2) of the Code of Iowa for the period July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2008

Letter to the Colo-Nesco Community School District as a result of reaudit procedures performed at the request of the Superintendent pursuant to Chapter 11.6(4)(a)(2) of the Code of Iowa for the period July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2008