888 resultados para Malha distendida
Resumo:
The urbanization process in the Brazilian cities is directly linked to its main economic activities, and causes several impacts on the natural resources. It can be seen at the city of Ilhabela, an archipelago located at the north coast of the state of São Paulo, that still has a great area of preserved Atlantic Rainforest, and where today the tourism is the main economic activity. With this in sight, this paper aimed to make a prospect of the current situation of the city, looking at the main aspects of its economic and urban development and the environmental impacts related to them. Among the aspects studied, are the irregular occupations at preservation areas on the island: the pressure on the sea ecosystems by the fishing and the boat circulation, and at the beaches by the tourists flow. Were also observed the characteristics of the city’s urban infrastructure, such as the water supply, sewer and road networks and the waste collecting. Finally, it was analyzed the way that the government acts over the preservation of the island’s natural resources, by the Municipality and the Ilhabela State Park, so that the acting of these two agents could be compared
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In view of the need to develop a device for security and lateral protection, due to the Resolution 323/09 of CONTRAN, which requires the use of such equipment for most trucks and tow trucks, the objective of this work is to develop a project for an aluminum lateral protection device, according to the ABNT NBR 14.148 regulation, that, among many specifications, stipulates that the equipment must support a load of 5 kN and suffer a maximum deflection of 30mm, but does not say what material it should be made of. The reason for choosing aluminum is because of its low density, so as not to significantly increase the curb weight of the truck, which, consequently, reduces CO2 emissions and maintenance expenses. Additionally, this material presents a good resistance/weight ratio, high resistance to corrosion, excellent surface finish and it's fully recyclable; reason why it has been gaining the attention of many industry segments. For the realization of the project, profiles were chosen to make the assembly of the set, and then a finite elements analysis was performed in the HyperWorks software, to verify if the designed device would support the loads stipulated by the regulation. One details to note is that these simulation programs could show inaccuracies, because of the size and shape of the elements that compose the mesh, and for many other reasons, so it is necessary that, even with the results coming back satisfactory, actual physical tests are conducted to validate the proper functioning of the equipment, which was not done for this study
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The representation of real objects in virtual environments has applications in many areas, such as cartography, mixed reality and reverse engineering. The generation of these objects can be performed through two ways: manually, with CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools, or automatically, by means of surface reconstruction techniques. The simpler the 3D model, the easier it is to process and store it. However, this methods can generate very detailed virtual elements, that can result in some problems when processing the resulting mesh, because it has a lot of edges and polygons that have to be checked at visualization. Considering this context, it can be applied simplification algorithms to eliminate polygons from resulting mesh, without change its topology, generating a lighter mesh with less irrelevant details. The project aimed the study, implementation and comparative tests of simplification algorithms applied to meshes generated through a reconstruction pipeline based on point clouds. This work proposes the realization of the simplification step, like a complement to the pipeline developed by (ONO et al., 2012), that developed reconstruction through cloud points obtained by Microsoft Kinect, and then using Poisson algorithm
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The objective of this study was to present the comparison between analytical and numerical results trying to identify the differences and behaviors of the variation of the principal stresses and the maximum contact pressure for different model configurations. The analytical equations of the theory of Hertz from the boundary conditions adopted by him were differences are shown. A step-by-step of developing the model indicating the geometric dimensions, surface contact, type of contact, the formulation used by the software, type of mesh, as well as the boundary conditions and load was presented. In the results, the stresses calculated analytically and compared with the stresses obtained by the finite element simulation software indicating the changes have been made
Resumo:
A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o impacto dos condomínios fechados no fragmento da malha urbana em que se inseri. Além disso, pretende-se avaliar a percepção ambiental que os condomínios fechados exercem sobre os cidadãos, sejam eles usuários dos condomínios ou do seu entorno. A metodologia fundamenta-se em pesquisa de campo, pois serão aplicados questionários junto aos moradores de condomínios fechados, as pessoas que moram ou trabalham em locais próximos desses empreendimentos, e a arquitetos, planejadores e urbanistas. Para tanto, adotou-se os métodos empregados em pesquisas de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO). Através dos resultados obtidos pela APO, pretende-se diagnosticar e compreender os efeitos positivos e negativos desse tipo de empreendimento em malhas urbanas
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Desde a década de 1930, com o crescimento da malha urbana do município de Rio Claro, a Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” (FEENA), sofre vários tipos de pressões sobre seu patrimônio. O presente trabalho traz uma pesquisa realizada e em dois cursos d’água localizados na faixa oeste da Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade”, com a finalidade de identificar e diagnosticar alguns impactos ambientais negativos que ocorrem nestes cursos e quais os efeitos causados por estes impactos nos ambientes formados pelo córrego Lavapés e pelo Ribeirão Claro, bem como, apontar dados sobre a percepção do visitante da Unidade de Conservação frente a esta situação ambiental referentes à deterioração de um importante patrimônio paisagístico natural e cultural
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Com o intuito de promover uma ação internacional para a gestão sustentável, conservação e desenvolvimento das florestas e chamar a atenção da população para o papel destas na geração de benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais, principalmente para os povos que dependem delas para sobreviver, a Assembléia Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), declarou 2011 como o Ano Internacional das Florestas. Paradoxal a esta ação, o ano de 2011 é também marcado pela inauguração da Rodovia Interoceânica Sul (IOS) no Peru, que ao conectar-se a malha rodoviária brasileira cria um elo de ligação direta entre o Oceano Atlântico e o Oceano Pacífico. Segundo seus idealizadores, o projeto aumentará as possibilidades de comércio internacional. Além de incrementar o comércio bilateral e integrar a Macro-Região Sul do Peru ao restante do país, a IOS proporciona ao Brasil uma alternativa de acesso ao Oceano Pacífico e aos mercados da Ásia e, ao Peru, um acesso mais eficiente ao Atlântico e aos mercados da costa leste dos EUA e da Europa. Por outro lado, a IOS passa por uma das mais preservadas regiões da Amazônia e, é considerada de importância única em termos de risco para os esforços mundiais de conservação da biodiversidade e de respeito aos direitos das últimas populações humanas que ali vivem sem ou com muito pouco contato com a sociedade moderna. Os impactos socioambientais ligados à construção e/ou reabilitação de estradas em territórios tropicais úmidos adquiriram fama mundial precisamente com a BR- 364, trecho principal desse corredor no território brasileiro. A pavimentação desta estrada nos anos 1980 provocou desastres ambiental e social gravíssimos no norte de Mato Grosso, em Rondônia e no Acre. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo fazer um estudo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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O crescimento das sociedades urbanas tem gerado um aumento significativo na produção dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, tornando o tema de disposição final amplamente discutido nas gestões públicas. Recentemente, a partir da criação da Lei Federal nº 12.305/2010, que institui a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos, foi estabelecido que a disposição final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos deve ser feita exclusivamente em aterros. O presente trabalho teve então como objetivo a avaliação de áreas potenciais para instalação de aterro sanitário no Distrito de Floresta do Sul no município de Presidente Prudente/SP. Para tanto, utilizou-se o SIG, como ferramenta do geoprocessamento, para análise espacial. Inicialmente, construiu-se um banco de dados geográficos da região de estudo com os dados de geomorfologia, hidrologia, declividade, malha urbana e rede viária. Em seguida, foram geradas representações na categoria MNT, onde os valores foram normalizados em intervalos [0,1] através da lógica booleana e fuzzy... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Mirandópolis/SP appeared in 1934 from the railroad “the Brazil Northwest”, that there it served one of the points of its stretch that had as main function to drain the agricultural production northwestern native of São Paulo of that time. The installation of the town happened absent of concerns with initial urbanístico planning, thus modifying its natural landscape and modifying characteristic ambient without compensatory measures aiming at a future expansion of the urban mesh. Fact this that still causes today consequences the quality of life of the people and also the observed thermal comfort later. Ahead of this, the present work had for objective to identify through measurements of temperature and relative humidity of the city of Mirandópolis/SP the differences that in the fabric urban they corroborate for a comfort situation or thermal discomfort to the outdoors in accordance with the Diagram Bioclimático de Olgyay the collection of data was made throughout the month of July of 2011 involving the attainment of information of Temperature and relative humidity of air and questionnaire applied to the passer-bys in the act of the measurements. Also approaching the different thermal dynamic of the zones of housing in relation to the Urban Cannyon that develops the commerce as predominant activity. This research sample that, although a city to be small, the quality of life of its inhabitants is not only guaranteed by the transport or that its thermal comfort reveals inside homogeneous of the urban perimeter, but that it has yes heterogeneidade in the scope of the urban climate in these spaces
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From the beginning of the century, with the advent of the flex fuel car, successor fluctuations in oil prices and the rise of awareness of the impending shortage of fossil fuels, the alcohol sector begins to reappear in the panorama of national economy making Brasill reaches the point of becoming a leading exporter of this product. Ethanol assumed the role of such importance in Brazilian exports, which Petrobras through the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) has made investments in the Brazilian pipeline network to better ensure the production of ethanol to major ports. The means of transport in pipelines are safe and inexpensive, but require careful evaluation in its implementation, they may lead to negative social and environmental impacts. Thus, the purpose of this project is to propose the best route for an ethanol pipeline connectin the Tietê-Paraná, leaving the municipality of Santa Maria da Serra (SP), to the Planalto Paulista Refinery (REPLAN), located in Paulinia (SP), belonging to the passage of ethanol export corridor, currently under revelopment. The technique used for the development of the stroke is the association of multicriteria evaluation, the geographical information system (SIG) and geotechnologies. This study presented three possible layouts for the ethanol pipeline, highlighting the best option, in addition, demonstrated the suitability of the area to receive projects of similar nature to a pipeline
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The metropolitan region of São Paulo is the most populous of the country, this happens because of its great importance in the national economy and the job opportunities that are offered to the population. These factors result in intense population growth and urban expansion, reaching some non-habitable places of the metropolis, as areas of pipelines, which are very important for the transportation of natural gas, oil and its derivatives. Before the population growth of the region, these sites were unoccupied, do not presenting problems for the population. However, with the disorderly occupation is generated great anthropogenic pressure on the pipeline stitches, causing risks to people who are around them. Therefore it is extremely important to monitor the strip of pipelines through products and techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing, enabling, through high spatial resolution images, identification of objects or phenomena that occur on Earth's surface that can alter the functioning and safety of pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to monitor a stretch of the area of the pipeline mesh GASPAL/OSVAT and Capuava Refinery (RECAP), located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of São Paulo in the city of Mauá, who suffer great human pressure, proving thus the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) as effective tools for monitoring phenomena occurred in urban areas of great complexity. The monitoring was done by object-based classification applied in orbital images Ikonos II and RapidEye, of high spatial resolution and, image processing, detection of objects, segmentation, classification and editing were developed through the eCognition and ArcGis softwares. To determine the statistical accuracy of the mapping of the land cover of the stretch of pipeline in Maua, the results were analyzed by error matrix... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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A agricultura em ambientes urbanos (AU) é um fenômeno socioambiental crescente em todo o mundo e pode estar associada à promoção de segurança alimentar e nutricional de uma população. No Brasil, o movimento da revolução verde favoreceu a monocultura e a concentração da posse da terra, que, decorrentemente impulsionaram o êxodo rural, em que os pequenos agricultores, na busca por melhores condições de vida, se locomoveram aos centros urbanos. O município de Santa Gertrudes, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, apresenta 98% dos habitantes residindo na zona urbana. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a agricultura urbana do Município de Santa Gertrudes, abordando: o perfil dos agricultores, as suas motivações, os seus locais de plantio e suas escolhas de cultivos, enfocando principalmente em lotes vagos na malha urbana. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas a partir de uma abordagem etnobotânica: 1) mapeamento dos lotes cultivados, 2) censo que abordou as questões socioeconômicas e de cultivo e 3) estudo detalhado com uma amostra determinada aleatoriamente, que aborda as condições socioeconômicas dos agricultores, suas histórias de vida, a caracterização do ambiente de plantio e o levantamento das espécies cultivadas, a partir de um inventário, com ênfase em raízes e tubérculos. Para o levantamento dos mesmos utilizou-se de entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas. As análises dos dados foram realizadas de maneira descritiva. Foram encontrados 52 lotes cultivados, destes, 43 participaram do censo e 20 da amostra. Os agricultores são representados principalmente por homens, a maioria é idosa e migrante de zonas rurais e grande parcela destes é oriunda do estado de Minas Gerais. Mais da metade dos lotes cultivados estão em áreas institucionais. As atividades realizadas são voluntárias e motivadas em grande parte por interesses individuais, trazendo benefícios para os praticantes em...
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The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in the automotive industry. In order to better understand its behavior many models in the literature have been proposed in the last years. The 0-D thermodynamic model is a fairly simple tool but it is very useful to understand the phenomenon of combustion inside the chamber of internal combustion engines. In the first phase of this work, an extensive literature review was made in order to get information about this kind of analysis and, after this, apply them in a model able to calculate the instantaneous temperature and pressure in one zone of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Therefore some considerations were made with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the model in predicting the correct behavior of the engine, adding the combined effects of heat transfer, leakage and injection. In the second phase, the goal was to study the internal flow of a three-dimensional model of an internal combustion engine. In order to achieve this goal the software Solidworks was used to create the geometries of an engine and the suite of softwares Ansys was used to create the moving mesh (ICEM CFD and CFX-Pre) and to solve the CFD problem (Ansys CFX code). The model was able to perform the air flow simulation during the four-stroke cycle of an engine: admission, compression, expansion and exhaust. The results obtained from both models were suitable and they open a new range of possibilities for future researches on the field
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The evaluation of soil permeability throughout the weathering profile is one of the most important features to be considered in environmental studies. This study, developed from field testing and analysis of data obtained by geostatistical methods, aims at mapping the permeability around the Ribeirão Claro river. The intent is to simulate an accident with toxic liquids where soil permeability is of fundamental importance. Another purpose of the research was to determine the minimum time that, in the event of an accident, a possible contaminant to reach the water table level and be routed to the nearest drain, in this case, the Ribeirao V Claro river constitutes fundamental information. The studied area of approximately 4 km² is located within the UNESP-Rio Claro campus, consisting of colluvial soil from Fm. Rio Claro superimposed on residual soil of Fm. Corumbataí. The method used to determine the permeability is the concentric cylinders performed on a sampling grid with 64 points containing spacing of 5 meters EW and 10 meters NS. In the places of permeability tests were collected samples for laboratory determination of the percentage of fines. From particle size analysis was performed and analysis statistical and geostatistical on this data. The histogram was based on the statistical studies, and the semivariograms were based on geostatistical estimation methods. Based on the comparison between the maps and the data obtained, it was determined that the percentage of fines in colluvial surface soil has little influence on permeability, which the proximity to the Ribeirao Claro river, the eastern portion, a factor that influences the distribution of permeability values
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Discussões a respeito de propostas de intervenção em espaços ur-banos que possuem valores culturais para a comunidade têm sido um tema bastante explorado por arquitetos e urbanistas contemporâneos. Muitos são os teóricos que se ocuparam do assunto – as primeiras teorias de restaura-ção do patrimônio arquitetônico construído datam do século 18 – mas, até hoje, não se pôde estabelecer um consenso sobre como se deve ou não proceder na concepção de projetos dessa natureza. Este trabalho trata de um espaço ocioso na área central do municí-pio de Bariri, interior do estado de São Paulo, onde se deram as atividades de uma indústria de óleos vegetais de grande expressão na cidade, entre as décadas de 1960 a 1980. Mesmo depois de a fábrica ter entrado em proces-so de falência, seus equipamentos e edificações permaneceram no terreno, e, até hoje, parte considerável de seu patrimônio construído ainda continua lá. Porém, nunca se deu outro uso para o espaço, sendo que, atualmente, as instalações se encontram em processo de ruína. Sabe-se que áreas desocu-padas inseridas na malha urbana podem levar a uma degradação do espaço, devido à falta do cuidado mantido pela presença humana, causando, diversas vezes, a perda do controle pelo poder público, e incidentes provocados pela falta de segurança. A Indústria Resegue de Óleos Vegetais (IROV) teve considerável importância histórica para o município, sendo um dos maiores símbolos da atividade econômica dos imigrantes sírios na cidade. Foi responsável pelo emprego de muitos trabalhadores e por grande movimentação financeira na época em que esteve em funcionamento. Além disso, seu espaço físico im-ponente está presente no cognitivo da maioria dos habitantes baririenses, compondo, de maneira significativa, a identidade visual de Bariri. Sendo as-sim, trata-se de uma área de interesse cultural... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)