Diagnosis and Fault detection in Electrical Machines and Drives based on Advanced Signal Processing Techniques

In the present thesis, a new methodology of diagnosis based on advanced use of time-frequency technique analysis is presented. More precisely, a new fault index that allows tracking individual fault components in a single frequency band is defined. More in detail, a frequency sliding is applied to the signals being analyzed (currents, voltages, vibration signals), so that each single fault frequency component is shifted into a prefixed single frequency band. Then, the discrete Wavelet Transform is applied to the resulting signal to extract the fault signature in the frequency band that has been chosen. Once the state of the machine has been qualitatively diagnosed, a quantitative evaluation of the fault degree is necessary. For this purpose, a fault index based on the energy calculation of approximation and/or detail signals resulting from wavelet decomposition has been introduced to quantify the fault extend. The main advantages of the developed new method over existing Diagnosis techniques are the following: - Capability of monitoring the fault evolution continuously over time under any transient operating condition; - Speed/slip measurement or estimation is not required; - Higher accuracy in filtering frequency components around the fundamental in case of rotor faults; - Reduction in the likelihood of false indications by avoiding confusion with other fault harmonics (the contribution of the most relevant fault frequency components under speed-varying conditions are clamped in a single frequency band); - Low memory requirement due to low sampling frequency; - Reduction in the latency of time processing (no requirement of repeated sampling operation).

Extending Implicit Computational Complexity and Abstract Machines to Languages with Control

The Curry-Howard isomorphism is the idea that proofs in natural deduction can be put in correspondence with lambda terms in such a way that this correspondence is preserved by normalization. The concept can be extended from Intuitionistic Logic to other systems, such as Linear Logic. One of the nice conseguences of this isomorphism is that we can reason about functional programs with formal tools which are typical of proof systems: such analysis can also include quantitative qualities of programs, such as the number of steps it takes to terminate. Another is the possiblity to describe the execution of these programs in terms of abstract machines. In 1990 Griffin proved that the correspondence can be extended to Classical Logic and control operators. That is, Classical Logic adds the possiblity to manipulate continuations. In this thesis we see how the things we described above work in this larger context.

Vending Machines avanzate basate su principi di Physical Web e Internet of Things

La costante evoluzione tecnologica sta portando alla luce nuove possibilità, che un tempo non erano nemmeno immaginabili. Uno dei settori che si è rivoluzionato maggiormente negli ultimi anni è quello delle telecomunicazioni e questo ha portato sia a una riduzione dei costi per le connessioni a Internet, sia ad un aumento delle loro capacità e prestazioni; di conseguenza queste connessioni sono diventate più accessibili e affidabili permettendo alle persone e alle cose di accedere a Internet quasi ininterrottamente. Questo sviluppo sta portando innumerevoli benefici, ma come ciascuna innovazione tecnologica, tuttavia, i benefici si accompagnano a nuove sfide. In questo elaborato viene dapprima analizzato lo stato dell’arte, i benefici, le problematiche e gli attuali interessi da parte di alcuni dei maggiori player verso l’Internet of Things. Vengono poi prese in considerazione due problematiche: l'individuazione e l'interazione con gli oggetti connessi a Internet, portando come esempio l'utilizzo e la ricerca di una vending machine, un distributore automatico. Proponendo una soluzione, in primo luogo è stato effettuato lo sviluppo di un ecosistema che sfrutta le potenzialità del Physical Web, implementando ad hoc ogni componente, dall'emissione del beacon Eddystone-URL alla visualizzazione della pagina ad esso associata. In secondo luogo questa è stata creata un'applicazione Android che sfrutta l'altro tipo di frame offerto dalla piattaforma beacon di Google, l'Eddystone-UID. Queste due applicazioni vengono quindi analizzate e messe a confronto, per individuare i punti forti e le mancanze delle rispettive piattaforme.

Etude de l'importance socio-économique des produits agricoles et des produits forestiers ligneux en vue d'une amélioration des revenus de la population locale. Cas de la zone de Mandraka

La zone de Mandraka, située sur la première falaise orientale, constitue une région typiquement forestière dont la topographie ne favorise pas l’extension agricole. Cependant, compte tenu des besoins de sécurisation alimentaire, le besoin graduel en terres fait que la population se trouve dans l’obligeance d’accroître les zones d’agriculture et ainsi de recourir aux ressources forestières. Cette étude dessine alors comme objectif de définir les lignes d’actions principales combinant la gestion des ressources agricoles et la valorisation durable des ressources forestières. Aussi, des enquêtes socioéconomiques (formelles et informelles) ont été entreprises afin de parvenir aux résultats escomptés. Malgré les efforts en matière de valorisation agricole, l’autosuffisance alimentaire reste encore un problème fondamental à surmonter. De ce fait, le revenu agricole ne constitue que 22,54% du revenu des ménages. Il est également constaté que l’exploitation forestière évaluée prometteuse (61,07% du revenu) semble majorer les intérêts des grands collecteurs au détriment de la masse paysanne. Par conséquent, les difficultés quant aux besoins financiers persistent et les actions tendent vers la production (exploitation) à outrance, de plus que la demande en ville ne cesse d’augmenter. Face à cette situation, l’amélioration progressive des formes d’exploitation agricole constitue une alternative complémentaire vivement incitée. De même, la rénovation de l’organisation de la filière « Produits forestiers ligneux », principalement le charbonnage demeure impérative. Il constitue la principale activité génératrice de revenu à court terme de la population. Cependant, à long terme, il contribue activement à la dégradation des ressources naturelles en l’occurrence les formations secondaires, vestige de la forêt naturelle. Il s’agit ainsi, de promouvoir les cultures vivrières et les cultures de rente visant le marché d’une part, et d’apporter des améliorations au niveau des techniques d’exploitation des ressources forestières en vue d’un rendement optimum d’autre part.