Ausência do pai ao longo do desenvolvimento ontogenético e indicadores de desconto de futuro: uma contribuição da psicologia evolucionista

The new Evolutionary Psychology (E. P.) paradigm has been trying to understand how the human beings make their decisions over time regarding the most diverse variables, always bearing in mind that such a cognitive process is due to a complex natural selection process that occurred millions of years ago. One of the main topics discussed by this new paradigm is the issue of parental investment, i.e., the care the parents provide to an offspring at the expense of the investment into a new one. The present work sought to integrate these two topics, trying to understand how some variables modulate the process of decision making in a sample of the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state. It was investigated the hypothesis that the presence of both parents, along the individual development, could signal a more favorable environment, providing clues to the individual that he could assume a competitive position at the socio-biological market. His decisions, therefore, could be guided by long-term investments with aims to obtain more robust rewards. On the contrary, those who has suffered for some moment the absence of one the parents could develop theirselves in a not so competitive way, starting to choose immediate benefits - but lesser ones -, since the future would be less predictable due to their worse development conditions. This study involved 152 individuals from three higher education institutions, one of them being public and the others being private ones. In the results found, there was no difference between children of coupled parents and children of deceased or divorced parents concerning discount rates. The levels of hopelessness did not affect the discount rates of children of single parents when compared to children of coupled parents. Not having one of the parents because of divorce made the child to tend to present lower scores in the domain of social relations of WHOQOL - Bref, whilst the absence of the father by death made the scores lower in the domain of environment. The results indicate that loosing one of the parents along the development influences the individual's quality of life perception, but the measurement method of future discounting rates by means of financial choices is not sensitive to this variation

Estilos de aprendizagem sob a ótica da Psicologia Evolucionista

Among a variety of learning conceptions, David Kolb´s Experiential Learning Theory proposes four different learning styles: diverging, characterized by orientation towards people and multi-perspective vision; assimilating, concerned with ideas and abstract concepts as well as theory formulation; converging, expert in dealing with technical tasks and problem solving; and accommodating, risk taker and good at getting things done. Interesting correlations have been pointed out between Kolb s learning styles, professional careers and genders. With respect to behaviors, specific cognitive skills and interests, sex differences are widely known, and explained by Evolutionary Psychology as the result of distinct selective pressures acting on each gender. The aim of this research was to assess adolescents learning styles and their relation with interests on school and career choices, analyzing possible gender differences. We distributed questionnaires to 221 senior high school students to research their preferences for school disciplines, professional activities and career choices. The Learning Style Inventory specified the learning style of each individual. Our results showed a high frequency of reflective styles, with predominance of females as diverging and males as assimilating. Concerning school and professional interests, there were correlations between styles oriented towards the abstract and technical interests. Moreover, females preferred disciplines related to languages and interpersonal activities while males preferred disciplines related to science and technical activities. There were more males in exact science and engineering careers, and more females in social science and applied social science. Correlations found between learning styles, school and professional interests corroborate Kolb´s propositions, and the findings about gender differences are supported by Evolutionary Psychology theories

Motivações para adoção: uma perspectiva da Psicologia Evolucionista

Parental investment increases the offspring s survival, though it decreases the opportunities for the parents to invest in a future progeny. In a broad sense, this investment is directed to one s own descendant, but in some cases, such as in adoption, resources are directed to non-relatives even in the absence of fitness benefits. Once there are many factors involved in adoption, this study investigated adopters candidates, aiming to analyze aspects considered by them for adopting, based on the Evolutionary Psychology s perspective. We analyzed the judicial proceedings´ files people who had been inlisted for adoption at the 2ª Childhood and Adolescence Law Court, Natal-RN. The adopter s motivations were classified into biological or social reasons. A relationship between adopters´ age and kind of motivation was found: requirements of young people were related to biological reasons while requirements of the old ones were related to social reasons. Fertility, mainly female requirer´s fertility, underlie this relationship, considering that women fertility is strongly influenced by age. The reasons to adopt were also related to the age of the desired child, once that people who wanted children older than 25 months alleged social reasons while those that wanted younger babies alleged biological reasons. There are lots of motives to adopt a child, but the phenomenon of adoption is broadly acknowledged by society as an act of love and the adoptive parents are often regarded as kind and generous people. It was observed, instead, that the reasons to adopt comes from the adopters themselves, related to the fulfillment of personal needs, such as increasing the family, carrying out mother/father role or having a company or someone to care form them in elderly age

Eficácia do aconselhamento no tratamento das disfunções temporomandibulares

The aim of this controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of counseling in pain, function and well-fare outcomes on the management of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Therefore, 51 consecutive patients were allocated to one of the research groups. In Group I, was instituted counseling therapy for Group II was conducted treatment as usual with occlusal splint. Patients were followed for returns at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days after baseline. At baseline, all patients were examined and assessed RDC/TMD form, which was administered by a single trained and calibrated examiner, in addition, the patients were referred for specific treatment according to the group to which belonged. The clinical and functional impairment was assessed at each visit through the Temporomandibular Index (TMI). In each session, the patients were also surveyed about pain intensity using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). To analyze the impact of pain on quality of life, OHIP-14 questionnaire was used. The results showed 26 patients in Group I with a mean age of 35.15 ± 10.79 years. 25 patients were allocated to Group II. The mean age was 27.36 ± 10.34 years. The counseling was effective in reducing the intensity of pain (VAS), with significant improvement observed at 7 day follow-up (p <0.001). The functional impairment (TMI) showed significant results at 15 days follow-up (p = 0.002). Counseling was also responsible for significant improvement in the impact of TMD on quality of life (OHIP-14) at all times of the analysis (p <0.001). When comparing research groups, no significant difference was observed for any of the analyzed indices (p> 0.05) nor in the short term (7 days) neither in long term (60 days). It was concluded therefore that, for the studied sample, counseling consisted in an effective treatment option for the control of signs and symptoms of TMD, with results in the short and long term similar to the usual treatment group.

A santa, a prostituta e a amante infeliz: as imagens simbólicas do feminino de Edvard Munch, sob abordagem da psicologia analítica de C.G. Jung

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Formas do pensar no Projeto de uma psicologia de Freud

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

A representação do ato de ensinar: continuidades e rupturas da concepção de ensino na pedagogia tradicional, na psicologia histórico-cultural e na pedagogia histórico-crítica : uma análise a partir das teses e dissertações no Portal da CAPES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Práticas educativas: a relação entre cuidar e educar e a promoção do desenvolvimento infantil à luz da psicologia histórico-cultural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural para a educação escolar de crianças de 0 a 6 anos: desenvolvimento infantil e ensino em Vigotski, Leontiev e Elkonin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Psicologia e rede básica de saúde: tendências curriculares e características de atuação profissional

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Abordagens bio-inspiradas aplicadas ao estudo da cognição: um encontro entre biologia, psicologia e filosofia

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

Representações sociais de profissionais da educação física sobre a psicologia aplicada ao esporte

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

A Psicologia organísmica, a psicologia junguiana e a utilização de desenhos: uma reflexão para a educação física

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Concentração nas olimpíadas colegiais do estado de São Paulo: estudo de caso sobre a reclusão esportiva à luz da psicologia do esporte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Auto-eficácia de tenistas e desempenho esportivo: perspectivas da psicologia do esporte

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC