Um estudo sobre os aspectos que contribuem para a adoção do canal on-line para compra de livros, CDs e DVDs

O objetivo neste estudo foi identificar os fatores relevantes na adoção do canal on-line para a realização de compras, tendo como principais referências os modelos Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), de Venkatesh et al. (2003), de Heijden, Verhagen e Creemers (2003) e de Bramall, Schoefer e McKechnie (2004). Além da revisão da literatura dos assuntos pertinentes, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, de natureza quantitativa com uma amostra de 172 pessoas residentes na cidade de São Paulo, pertencentes às classes socioeconômicas A, B e C (critério Brasil), compradores de livros, CDs ou DVDs no canal off-line. Os dados coletados foram analisados com o uso de técnicas estatísticas nos contextos uni, bi e multivariado. Aplicou-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE ou Structural Equation Modeling - SEM) para serem identificadas relações de dependência entre construtos e a contribuição de cada um deles na estimação das intenções de adoção da compra pela Internet. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, a atitude em relação ao uso da tecnologia, a confiança e a expectativa de desempenho figuraram como os aspectos mais relevantes para uma possível adoção do canal on-line.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin-releasing pituitary tumor: possible malignant transformation of the LH cell line.

A pituitary tumor was diagnosed in a prepubertal 13-yr-old girl, who had elevated plasma LH (58 mIU/ml) and PRL (93 ng/ml) levels; decreased GH, ACTH, and FSH secretion; and diabetes insipidus. After surgery, plasma LH and PRL declined, but not to normal levels. Conventional external radiotherapy to the pituitary was immediately followed by a decrease in LH to prepubertal values (0.7 mIU/ml), while PRL levels became normal only after a long course of bromocriptine therapy. The pituitary tumor was composed of two distinct cell types: small polygonal cells, which were PRL positive by immunohistochemistry, and clusters of pleomorphic large frequently mitotic polynucleated cells, which were LH positive, some of them also being positive for the alpha-subunit or beta LH but not for beta FSH. Four years after surgery and radiotherapy, the patient deteriorated neurologically. Computed tomographic scan showed widespread frontal and periventricular tumor, which had the histological features of a poorly differentiated carcinoma. No PRL, LH, or alpha- or beta-subunits were detectable on immunocytochemistry. While the PRL-positive cells of the pituitary tumor displayed the histological and clinical features of PRL adenomas, the morphological characteristics of LH cells and the sharp decline of plasma LH levels after radiotherapy were suggestive of malignant transformation. In this context, the later brain tumor could have been the result of subependymal spread of the pituitary tumor after it lost its hormone-secreting capacity.

Splenic hypereosinophilia in anaphylaxis-related death: different assessments depending on different types of allergens?

The aim of this study was to evaluate splenic eosinophil and mast cell accumulation using pagoda red stain in a series of anaphylaxis-related deaths that underwent medico-legal investigations. Our goal was to assess whether fatal reactions to insect stings, intramuscularly administered antibiotics and intravenously injected contrast media are responsible for specific patterns of eosinophil and mast cell accumulation. Two study groups were prospectively formed, an anaphylaxis-related death group and a control group. Autopsy, histology (haematoxylin-eosin stain, pagoda red stain and immunohistochemistry using anti-tryptase antibodies), toxicology and postmortem biochemistry (beta-tryptase, total IgE and specific IgE) were performed in all cases. All tested parameters (spleen weight, beta-tryptase and total IgE levels as well as eosinophil, mast cell and degranulated mast cell numbers in the spleen) were significantly higher in the anaphylaxis-related death group. No statistically significant differences were observed among the various groups (intramuscular antibiotic injection, intravenous contrast medium administration and stinging insects) in any combination, suggesting that mast cell and eosinophil accumulation in the spleen during anaphylaxis does not have any specific pattern related to the triggering allergen. Despite a lower sensitivity than immunohistochemical staining in discriminating eosinophil and mast cells, pagoda red stain allowed these cells to be identified and could therefore be proposed as a low-cost, first-line diagnostic procedure in those situations where immunohistochemistry is not systematically performed or cannot be carried out.

Assessment of liver tumor response by high-field (3T) MRI after radiofrequency ablation: Short- and mid-term evolution of diffusion parameters within the ablation zone.

PURPOSE: To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of malignant liver lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) before and after successful radiofrequency ablation (RF ablation). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with 43 malignant liver lesions (23/20: metastases/hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC)) underwent liver MRI (3.0T) before (<1month) and after RF ablation (at 1, 3 and 6months) using T2-, gadolinium-enhanced T1- and DWI-weighted MR sequences. Jointly, two radiologists prospectively measured ADCs for each lesion by means of two different regions of interest (ROIs), first including the whole lesion and secondly the area with the visibly most restricted diffusion (MRDA) on ADC map. Changes of ADCs were evaluated with ANOVA and Dunnett tests. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were successfully treated, while one patient was excluded due to focal recurrence. In metastases (n=22), the ADC in the whole lesion and in MRDA showed an up-and-down evolution. In HCC (n=20), the evolution of ADC was more complex, but with significantly higher values (p=0.013) at 1 and 6months after RF ablation. CONCLUSION: The ADC values of malignant liver lesions successfully treated by RF ablation show a predictable evolution and may help radiologists to monitor tumor response after treatment.

Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps: Climate change or land abandonment?

Questions: Did the forest area in the Swiss Alps increase between 1985 and 1997? Does the forest expansion near the tree line represent an invasion into abandoned grasslands (ingrowth) or a true upward shift of the local tree line? What land cover / land use classes did primarily regenerate to forest, and what forest structural types did primarily regenerate? And, what are possible drivers of forest regeneration in the tree line ecotone, climate and/or land use change? Location: Swiss Alps. Methods: Forest expansion was quantified using data from the repeated Swiss land use statistics GEOSTAT. A moving window algorithm was developed to distinguish between forest ingrowth and upward shift. To test a possible climate change influence, the resulting upward shifts were compared to a potential regional tree line. Results: A significant increase of forest cover was found between 1650 to and 2450 m. Above 1650 m, 10% of the new forest areas were identified as true upward shifts whereas 90% represented ingrowth, and we identified both land use and climate change as likely drivers. Most upward shift activities were found to occur within a band of 300 m below the potential regional tree line, indicating land use as the most likely driver. Only 4% of the upward shifts were identified to rise above the potential regional tree line, thus indicating climate change. Conclusions: Land abandonment was the most dominant driver for the establishment of new forest areas, even at the tree line ecotone. However, a small fraction of upwards shift can be attributed to the recent climate warming, a fraction that is likely to increase further if climate continues to warm, and with a longer time-span between warming and measurement of forest cover.

Disseny i implementació d'una aplicació web per a la reserva on-line de localitats d'espectacles

Aquest treball presenta un terminal de reserva d'espectacles. Es tracta d'una aplicació web que permet als seus usuaris registrats reservar localitats de diferents tipus d'espectacles a través d'internet i amb total llibertat d'horaris. L'aplicació s'ha dissenyat amb tecnologia Java (servlets, JSP, beans ...) i s'ha llicenciat com a aplicació de programari lliure amb la llicència GPL.

Desenvolvimento de um curso on-line sobre o tema administração de medicamentos

O estudo descreveu o desenvolvimento de um curso on-line sobre o processo da administração de medicamentos - vias. Para tanto se utilizou o World Wide Web Course Tools (WebCT), que é um software que fornece várias ferramentas a supervisores e acesso a estudantes providos de uma senha a diversos ambientes. O material do curso foi subdivido em oito tópicos ilustrados: administração de medicamentos por via oral, sublingual, via parenteral, intradérmica, subcutânea, intramuscular, endovenosa e aplicação tópica e instilação, além das questões para avaliação de conhecimentos. Uma amostra de alunos de graduação da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto - USP avaliou positivamente o curso. Pretende-se agora inseri-lo em disciplina curricular do ensino de graduação, como um recurso adicional à aprendizagem dos alunos.

Sex-biased dispersal in a migratory bat: a characterization using sex-specific demographic parameters.

We studied the noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula), in which the mitochondrial F(ST) is about 10 times that revealed by nuclear markers, to address two questions. We first verified whether random dispersal of one sex is compatible with highly contrasted mitochondrial and nuclear population structures. Using computer simulations, we then assessed the power of multilocus population differentiation tests when the expected population structure departs only slightly from panmixia. Using an island model with sex-specific demographic parameters, we found that random male dispersal is consistent with the population structure observed in the noctule. However, other parameter combinations are also compatible with the data. We computed the minimum sex bias in dispersal (at least 69% of the dispersing individuals are males), a result that would not be available if we had used more classical population genetic models. The power of multilocus population differentiation tests was unexpectedly high, the tests being significant in almost 100% of the replicates, although the observed population structure infered from nuclear markers was extremely low (F(ST) = 0.6%).

First-line therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background and Aims: Medical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming more complex, given the increasing choice of drugs to treat Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to summarize the current guidelines for first-line treatments in IBD. Methods: An extensive literature search with focus on the guidelines of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation for the diagnosis and treatment of CD and UC was performed. First-line treatments were defined as the following drug categories: 5-aminosalicylates, budesonide, systemic steroids, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab and certolizumab pegol. The following drug categories were not included: cyclosporine and tacrolimus (not yet approved by Swissmedic for IBD treatment). Results: Treatment recommendations for the following clinically frequent situations are presented according to disease severity: ileocecal CD, colonic CD, proximal small bowel CD and perianal CD. For UC the following situations are presented: ulcerative proctitis, left-sided colitis and pancolitis. Conclusions: We provide a summary on the use of first-line therapies for clinically frequent situations in patients with CD and UC.

Panorama brasileiro do ensino de Enfermagem On-line

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os cursos de Ensino Superior Nacional de EAD por área de concentração, região geográfica, nível de formação e os cursos de EAD no ensino superior de Enfermagem. O método adotado foi um estudo exploratório descritivo em que foi realizado um levantamento nos sites e portais governamentais e não-governamentais relacionados à educação nacional e EAD das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que praticam EAD. Nos resultados foram identificados apenas dois cursos de pós-graduação lato sensu oferecidos especificamente em Enfermagem. Assim, há necessidade de maior investimento das IES de Enfermagem na criação e avaliação de cursos de EAD, bem como de infra-estrutura e de implementação de uma política de capacitação tecnológica.

Gestión de encuestas on-line dinámicas con estímulo (GEODE)

El presente proyecto ha sido pergeñado como una aplicación que pretende resolver las dos carencias principales detectadas en los sistemas clásicos de encuestas on-line gratuitos: por un lado, resultan estáticos (en el sentido de que las encuestas no son dinámicas en función de las respuestas acumuladas) y, por otro, no ofrecen al individuo encuestado el conocimiento que necesita (como máximo devolverán información agrupada de acuerdo a los resultados globales obtenidos sin retornar un análisis comparativo del grupo frente a la del usuario).

The Lunch Line, Vol. 52, no. 2, November 2001

Newsletter produced by Department of Education, Bureau of Food and Nutrition

The Lunch Line, Vol. 52, no. 3, January, 2002

Newsleter produced by Department of Education, Bureau of Food and Nutrition

The Lunch Line, Vol. 52, no. 4, March 2002

Newsleter produced by Department of Education, Bureau of Food and Nutrition