Ocorrência de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) no ambiente peridomiciliar em área de foco de transmissão de leishmaniose tegumentar no município de Manaus, Amazonas

A leishmaniose é uma antropozoonose com focos naturais, nos quais a infecção é mantida em ecótopos silvestres entre a população de vetores e seus hospedeiros vertebrados. Neste estudo foram identificadas espécies de flebotomíneos envolvidas na transmissão de leishmaniose tegumentar no Bairro Cidade de Deus, onde há focos da doença humana e animal. O bairro está situado à margem da reserva florestal Adolpho Ducke. Foram capturados 122 espécimens em épocas variadas, utilizando-se armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC. As espécies de flebotomíneos mais encontradas foram Lutzomyia umbratilis, L. rorotaensis e L. olmeca nociva. Nas proximidades de uma das residências onde foram realizadas as coletas de flebotomíneos, verificou-se descarte de resíduos orgânicos (lixo), o que possibilita a atração de reservatórios silvestres presentes na reserva florestal favorecendo a ocorrência do ciclo de transmissão da doença no peridomicílio.

Seasonality of nematode larvae in Iguanodectes spilurus (Characidae) an ornamental fish from northeastern Para, Brazil

The current study presents a parasitological survey of larval nematodes from freshwater ornamental fish Iguanodectes spilurus caught in the watercourse of the Caete River, in the northeast region of the State of Para, Brazil. A total of 176 specimens, 1.36±0.75 g weight and 5.53±0.98 cm total length, were analyzed. Nematode larvae were identified as Capillaria sp., Procamallanus sp. and Anisakidae, with prevalence of 70.45% and infection intensity ranging from 1.81 to 4.70 larvae. The highest prevalence 57.38% occurred in the liver, but no seasonality was observed, indicating high infection throughout the year. Seasonality was observed in fish parasitized in the stomach, intestine and caecum, with prevalence and mean intensity of 17.61% and 2.32 parasites, 12.5% and 1.81 parasites, 10.79% and 2.21 parasites, respectively. The highest degree of infection was observed in the rainy season, probably due to increased availability of intermediate hosts or food.

The genital atrium armature of some Brazilian sand fly females (Diptera: Phlebotominae)

Phlebotomine sand flies are insects of medical importance. Species in the Neotropical region are highly diverse. Some of these species are considered cryptic species because of their morphological similarity between adult females of different species make identification especially difficult. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the armature in the genital atrium (AGA) of some adult female sand flies, in order to discover new taxonomic characters that make it possible to distinguish between species that would otherwise be treated as cryptic by analysis of the AGA. The AGA of 16 Phlebotomine sand fly species are described. Distinct differences were found in relation to the shape and size of the armature, the presence or absence of spines on the armature, and the shape, size, and grouping patterns of the spines. These characters made it possible to distinguish between the species studied.

Bionomía y taxonomía de Culicidae (Diptera)

Existe una necesidad nacional y mundial de revisar aspectos taxonómicos de Culicidae. Se propone continuar con su revisión taxonómica, especialmente de las especies de Culex del centro de la Argentina, describiendo y/o redescribiendo estados inmaduros y adultos. Es muy importante conocer todos los aspectos de la biología de especies plaga y/o vectores como Aedes albifasciatus. Para ello se propone conocer aspectos de la biología invernal tales como detectar si esta especie sobrevive en invierno sólo en estado de huevo, o puede hacerlo también como adulto, estudiando variaciones en la densidad de hembras, supervivencia, patrón de alimentación, edad fisiológica, actividad gonadotrófica, tasa de eclosión, densidad, supervivencia y tiempo de desarrollo de estados inmaduros, durante el otoño-invierno de Córdoba.

Eficiencia de controladores biológicos (Hymenoptera) de Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) en función del ambiente

El presente proyecto propone el estudio de la eficiencia de los controladores biológicos de minadores de hojas de la familia Agromyzidae en Córdoba, desde esta nueva perspectiva de análisis. Esta familia de fitófagos reúne especies que han sido mencionadas como importantes plagas primarias, causando pérdidas varias veces millonarias en diversos países del mundo y también como plagas secundarias, que surgen por la aplicación de insecticidas contra otras plagas. El estudio de Agromyzidae minadores de hojas, sus parasitoides y sus plantas hospedadoras, iniciado en Córdoba por el grupo de la Dra. G. Valladares en 1992, ha permitido recabar información básica sobre el sistema. Actualmente se conoce con bastante detalle, la dinámica y estructura de las comunidades de minadores y sus parasitoides en distintos ambientes de la Provincia de Córdoba. En agroecosistemas de la región, una especie de agromícido ( Liriomyza huidobrensis ) ha pasado de representar una plaga secundaria a constituirse en plaga real de varios cultivos fundamentalmente hortícolas. Dada la densidad elevadísima observada en los cultivos de haba y acelga, se ha concentrado la atención desde 1995 en esta especie, al considerar importante la aplicación de los conocimientos obtenidos en el sistema. Teniendo en cuenta que las nuevas tendencias destinados a encontrar controladores biológicos más eficientes se ha sugerido que una de las especies parasíticas: O. Scabriventris ( Hymenoptera : Brancoide ), constituye un promisorio agente regulador de las poblaciones de Liriomyza huidobrensis en cultivos de Córdoba. Objetivo general: * Estudiar la eficiencia de controladores biológicos en relación a características del ambiente en que se desarrollan (hospedador/planta/hábitat) con énfasis en aspectos relevantes al manejo de plagas. Objetivos específicos: * Estudiar el rendimiento de O. Scabriventris y de otros parasitoides de L. huidobrensis dependiendo de la planta en que el minador se desarrolla. * Reunir evidencia experimental a campo, en cuanto a la eficiencia de Opius scabriventris y otros controladores biológicos dominantes, en función de las características ambientales (planta/hábitat)

The Philippine biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

v.33:no.7(1961)

Camptopterohelea, a new genus of Ceratopogonidae, from the Philippines (Diptera) [By] W. W. Wirth and A. A. Hubert.

v.42:no.7(1960)

Microhabitats de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) em internódios de taquara na Mata Atlântica, Paraná, Brasil

During two consecutive years, from January 1985 to December 1986, a comparative study of mosquitoes preferences for breeding habitat was carried out in the Atlantic Forest of the Serra do Mar, Paraná State, Brazil. To achieve it, 1875 bamboo internodes aligned vertically in live green, bamboo plants Merostachys speciosa Munro and Merostachys sp. were used, in which metabolic water was exuded from the plant itself, and presenting different size/pattern holes at their lateral walls, bored by the local sylvan fauna. Another group of 1200 individual internode traps was used as comparative element, carved out with a transversal cut by a saw, filled with local stream water and held in branches at different heights in the vegetal strata nearby. At both microhabitat types, a total of 17 culicid species was registered. Culex (Microculex) neglectus Lutz, 1904, Cx. (Carrollia) soperi Antunes & Lane, 1937, Sabethes (Sabethes) batesi Lane & Cerqueira, 1942 and Sa. (Sabethinus) melanonymphe (Dyar, 1924)colonized exclusively live plant internodes, while Culex (Microculex) elongatus Rozeboom & Lane, 1950, Cx. (Carrollia) iridescens (Lutz, 1905), Cx. (Carrollia) kompi Valencia,1973and Trichoprosopon (Trichoprosopon) soaresi Dyar & Knab, 1907 bred only in internode traps. The remaining nine species colonized both habitats indistinctly. Quantitatively, was detected the abundance of 60.1% at live green internodes, against 39.9% for internode traps. Concerning the different patterns of bored live internode holes, 40.3% of the total computed specimens were collected in square or rectangular holes, 31.9% in two hole internodes, one minute circular, the other wider, and the remaining 28.8% of specimens distributed in other pattern type internodes. The mosquitoes breeding at these microhabitats fall in the culicid entomofauna specialized at locating and detecting peculiar and propitious mesogen conditions for breeding purposes.

Revision of the Chilean species of Empididae (Diptera) described by J. Macquart

Four Chilean species of Empididae (Diptera) are revised: Aplomera pachymera (Macquart, 1838), A. gayi Macquart, 1838, Empis nudipes Macquart, 1838 and E. polita Macquart, 1838. Aplomera chilensis (Bezzi, 1909) was also studied and it is being considered junior synonym of A. pachymera. Empis nudipes Macquart, 1838 is confirmed to be a junior synonym of A. gayi Macquart, 1838. Lectotype is being designated for A. pachymera, A. chilensis and E. polita. Illustration of terminalia and photomicrographs of wings are also included.