Magnetization studies of polystyrene/multiwall carbon nanotube composite films

Lappeenranta University of Technology School of Technology Technical Physics Evgenii Zhukov MAGNETIZATION STUDIES OF POLYSTYRENE/MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITE FILMS Master’s thesis 2015 55 pages, 41 pictures, 9 Tables. Examiners: Professor Erkki Lähderanta D.Sc. Ivan Zakharchuk Keywords: polystyrene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT, composite, magnetization, SQUID. In this thesis magnetic properties of polystyrene/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites are investigated with Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer (MPMS XL). The surface of the composite films is studied via BRUKER Multimode 8 Atomic Force Microscope, as well. The polystyrene/MWCNT composites have been prepared by the group of professor Okotrub (Physics Chemistry of Nanomaterials laboratory, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Russia). The composite films have been prepared by solution processing and stretching method. The approximate length and inner diameter of the MWCNTs used in fabrication are 260 μm and 10 nm, respectively. The content of MWCNTs is 1 and 2.5 contents percent (wt%) for studied samples. The stretching of the samples is 30% for samples with 1 and 2.5 wt% content, and one sample with 1 wt% loading of MWCNTs is 100% stretched. MWCNTs aligned perpendicular to a silicon substrate are used as a reference sample. The magnetization field dependencies of the samples exhibit hysteresis behavior. The values of saturation magnetization of composite films are much less compared to that of the reference sample. The saturation magnetization coercitivity field value drops with decrease of MWCNT content. At high magnetic fields strong presence of diamagnetism is observed. Measurements in magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the composite plate display anisotropy with respect to the direction of stretching. Temperature dependences of magnetization for all samples display difference between zero-field cooled and field-cooled curves of magnetization. This divergence confirms the presence of magnetic interactions in the material. The atomic force microscopy study of the composites’ surfaces revealed that they are relatively smooth and the nanotubes are aligned with the axis of stretching to some extent. 

The use of light-emitting diodes to stimulate mitochondrial function and liver regeneration of partially hepatectomized rats

The biostimulating effect of laser radiation has been observed in many areas of Medicine. However, there are still several questions to be answered, among them the importance of light coherence in the stimulatory process. In the present study, we used light-emitting diodes (LED) to promote the stimulation of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. Fourteen male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were submitted to partial hepatectomy (70%) followed by LED light irradiation (630 nm) of the remaining part of the liver at two doses, i.e., 10 (N = 7) and 140 (N = 7) J/cm². A group irradiated with laser, 590 nm (N = 7, 15 J/cm²) was performed for the study of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index. Data are reported as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons of the groups were performed by analysis of variance for parametric measurements followed by the Bonferroni post-test, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. Respiratory mitochondrial activity was increased in the irradiated groups (states 3 and 4; P < 0.05), with better results for the group exposed to the lower LED dose (10 J/cm²). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index, by immunohistochemical staining, was similar for both LED-exposed groups (P > 0.05) and higher than for the control group (P < 0.05). The cell proliferation index obtained with LED and laser were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the present results suggest that LED irradiation promotes biological stimulatory effects during the early stage of liver regeneration and that LED is as effective as laser light, independent of the coherence, divergence and cromaticity.

Structural and functional Studies of angucycline tailoring enzymes

Polyketides are a diverse group of natural products produced in many bacteria, fungi and plants. These metabolites have diverse biological activities and several members of this group are in clinical use as antibiotics, anticancer agents, antifungals and immunosuppressants. The different polyketides are produced by polyketide synthases, which catalyze the condensation of extender units into various polyketide scaffolds. After the biosynthesis of the polyketide backbone, more versatility is created to the molecule by tailoring enzymes catalyzing for instance hydroxylations, methylations and glycosylations. Flavoprotein monooxygenases (FPMO) and short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) are two enzyme families that catalyze unusual tailoring reactions in the biosynthesis of natural products. In the experimental section, functions of homologous FPMO and SDR tailoring enzymes from five different angucycline pathways were studied in vitro. The results revealed how different angucyclinones are produced from a common intermediate and that FPMO JadH and SDR LanV are responsible for the divergence of jadomycins and landomycins, respectively, from other angucyclines. Structural studies of these tailoring enzymes revealed differences between homologous enzymes and enabled the use of structure-based protein engineering. Mutagenesis experiments gave important information about the enzymes behind the evolution of distinct angucycline metabolites. These experiments revealed a correlation between the substrate inhibition and bi-functionality in JadH homologue PgaE. In the case of LanV, analysis of mutagenesis results revealed that the difference between the stereospecificities of LanV and its homologues CabV and UrdMred is unexpectedly related to the conformation of the substrate rather than to the structure of the enzyme. Altogether, the results presented here have improved our knowledge about different steps of angucycline biosynthesis and the reaction mechanisms used by the tailoring enzymes behind these steps. This information can hopefully be used to modify these enzymes to produce novel metabolites, which have new biological targets or possess novel modes-of-action. The understanding of these unusual enzyme mechanisms is also interesting to enzymologists outside the field of natural product research.

Produção de protoplastos e lise da parede celular de leveduras utilizando β-1,3 glucanase

O presente trabalho visou a aplicação da β-1,3 glucanase lítica, obtida do microrganismo Cellulosimicrobium cellulans 191, na produção de protoplastos e na lise da parede celular de leveduras. A preparação bruta da enzima foi capaz de lisar as leveduras Kluyveromyces lodderi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fleischmann e Itaiquara), S. cerevisiae KL-88, S. diastaticus NCYC 713, S. cerevisiae NCYC 1001, Candida glabrata NCYC 388, Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC 587 e Hansenula mrakii NCYC 500. A β-1,3 glucanase purificada foi capaz de lisar as leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88, Saccharomyces capensis, Debaromyces vanriji, Pachysolen tannophillus, Kluyveromyces drosophilarum, Candida glabrata, Hansenula mrakii e Pichia membranaefaciens e formar protoplastos de Saccharomyces cerevisiae KL-88.

Investigation of glutathione peroxidase activity in chicken meat under different experimental conditions

Due to the fact that previous studies on the enzymatic activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) diverge widely in their methodology and results, this study aimed to investigate the influence of different analytical conditions on GSH-Px activity in chicken thighs from broilers that were fed different diets with different sources and concentrations of selenium. GSH-Px activity was evaluated six hours after slaughter and 120 days after frozen storage at -18 ºC. The different analytical conditions included time of pre-incubation (0, 10 and 30 minutes), reaction medium, types of substrate (H2O2 (0.72 mM, 7.2 mM, and 72 mM) and Terc-butil hydroperoxide 15 mM), and different buffer concentrations (buffer 1, potassium phosphate 50 mM pH 7.0 + EDTA 1 mM + mercaptoethanol 1 mM, and buffer 2, tris-HCl 50 mM pH 7.6 + EDTA 1 mM + mercapthanol 5 mM). The results show that the highest GSH-Px activity was observed when enzyme and substrate were in contact at 22 ºC without any pre-incubation, and that, when used at concentrations above 0.72 mM, hydrogen peroxide saturated the GSH-Px enzyme and inhibited its activity. The enzyme presented higher affinity to hydrogen peroxide when compared to terc-butil peroxide, and the addition of a buffer containing mercaptoethanol did not increase GSH-Px enzymatic activity. The activity of GSH-Px was not influenced by the source and concentration of selenium in the diet either. The obtained results allowed the determination of the best temperature of contact between the enzyme and substrate (22 ºC), the optimum concentration, and the type of substrate and buffer to be used. This information is extremely useful for future studies on GSH-Px activity in meat due to the divergence and little information found in the literature.

Carotenoid production by Rhodotorula rubra cultivated in sugarcane juice, molasses, and syrup

The Rhodotorularubra biomass and carotenoids production was evaluated in sugarcane juice, molasses, and syrup based media. The effects of media supplementation with urea- nitrogen or the commercial nutrient called Nitrofos KL was also verified. The experimental design used was a completely randomized factorial with 3 substrates (juice, molasses, and syrup) and three supplementations (control, urea, and Nitrofos KL). The results were submitted to variance analysis and Tukey test at 5% probability. The highest production of yeast dry mass was obtained with molasses media supplemented with urea or Nitrofos KL (15.09 and 14.87 g/L respectively). The intracellular carotenoid production was high in the media without supplementation (0.329 mg/g). The best growth medium for the volumetric production was molasses (2.74 mg/L), while those supplemented with urea and Nitrofos KL produced 2.55 and 2.32 mg/L, respectively. The major carotenoids produced were torulene, torularhodin, and β-carotene. The lowest carbohydrate consumption was observed in the sugarcane juice medium without supplementation, while the highest consumption was observed in the urea based supplementation medium.

Um índice clínico preditor de sobrevida renal

INTRODUÇÃO: Um índice capaz de antecipar a progressão da doença renal independente dos achados histológicos seria de inestimável valor para a indicação da biópsia renal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se um índice clínico baseado na ecogenicidade cortical renal, na relação diâmetro longitudinal do rim/altura do indivíduo (KL/H) e na creatinina sérica pode predizer a sobrevida renal. MÉTODOS: As lesões crônicas (obsolescência glomerular, esclerose segmentar e focal, atrofia tubular e fibrose intersticial) e agudas (proliferação mesangial, permeação leucocitária, necrose fibrinoide e crescentes e infiltrado intersticial) das biópsias de 154 pacientes foram graduadas e somadas para geração de índices. Um índice clínico de cronicidade foi criado pela soma da gradação da ecogenicidade cortical relativa a do fígado ou baço, dos níveis de creatinina sérica e da relação KL/H. O desfecho do estudo foi a necessidade de iniciar diálise. RESULTADOS: Os maiores graus do índice clínico de cronicidade e do índice crônico de biópsia foram associados com sobrevida renal mais curta. Dos seis pacientes com creatinina sérica > 2,5 mg/dL, maior ecogenicidade cortical e KL/H < 0,60 antes da biópsia, cinco iniciaram diálise e um elevou a creatinina para 4,5 mg/dL. O índice clínico apresentou boa correlacão com o índice crônico de biópsia. CONCLUSÕES: O índice clínico pode ser útil para predizer uma situação na qual a biópsia mostrará lesões crônicas avançadas e irreversíveis. Nos pacientes com os graus mais altos dos parâmetros clínicos, a biópsia pode ser descartada. Para grupos de pacientes, o índice pode ser utilizado na comparação de desfechos e eficácia terapêutica.

Förteckning på böcker, som genom frivillig auction i Helsingfors komma att försäljas

Imprimatur: F. Granbom.

Um modelo evolucionário Norte-Sul

This work expands the classical Nelson and Winter model of Schumpeterian competition by including two sectors and a North-South dynamics, with a view to analyzing how different institutions and technological regimes affect the processes of convergence and divergence in the international economy. The results suggest that convergence may emerge out of the efforts for imitation in the South when the technological regime is cumulative. But when the regime is science-based, imitation is not enough for a successful catching-up. In this case convergence requires the South to invest in innovation as well. The work also analyses the robustness of the model results using Montecarlo techniques.

Emerging markets and the international financial architecture: a blueprint for reform

If emerging markets are to achieve their objective of joining the ranks of industrialized, developed countries, they must use their economic and political influence to support radical change in the international financial system. This working paper recommends John Maynard Keynes's "clearing union" as a blueprint for reform of the international financial architecture that could address emerging market grievances more effectively than current approaches. Keynes's proposal for the postwar international system sought to remedy some of the same problems currently facing emerging market economies. It was based on the idea that financial stability was predicated on a balance between imports and exports over time, with any divergence from balance providing automatic financing of the debit countries by the creditor countries via a global clearinghouse or settlement system for trade and payments on current account. This eliminated national currency payments for imports and exports; countries received credits or debits in a notional unit of account fixed to national currency. Since the unit of account could not be traded, bought, or sold, it would not be an international reserve currency. The credits with the clearinghouse could only be used to offset debits by buying imports, and if not used for this purpose they would eventually be extinguished; hence the burden of adjustment would be shared equally - credit generated by surpluses would have to be used to buy imports from the countries with debit balances. Emerging market economies could improve upon current schemes for regionally governed financial institutions by using this proposal as a template for the creation of regional clearing unions using a notional unit of account.

Spectral Retinal Images Reconstruction

While red-green-blue (RGB) image of retina has quite limited information, retinal multispectral images provide both spatial and spectral information which could enhance the capability of exploring the eye-related problems in their early stages. In this thesis, two learning-based algorithms for reconstructing of spectral retinal images from the RGB images are developed by a two-step manner. First, related previous techniques are reviewed and studied. Then, the most suitable methods are enhanced and combined to have new algorithms for the reconstruction of spectral retinal images. The proposed approaches are based on radial basis function network to learn a mapping from tristimulus colour space to multi-spectral space. The resemblance level of reproduced spectral images and original images is estimated using spectral distance metrics spectral angle mapper, spectral correlation mapper, and spectral information divergence, which show a promising result from the suggested algorithms.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme tellés dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre du roy « FRANÇOYS [Ier]... à nostre tres saynct pere le pape » ; 2 Bulle du pape PAUL III, par laquelle est élevé à la dignité de cardinal « Charles Hesmart, evesque de Mascon, ambassadeur du roy Françoys premier aupres de Sa Sainteté... Datum Rome, apud Sanctum Petrum, anno... millesimo quingentesimo tricesimo sexto, undecimo kl. januar » ; 3 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de CHARLES, « cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le XXIXe jour de janvier 1536 » ; 4 « Double de la lettre que monseigneur de Tarbe [GABRIEL DE GRAMONT] a escript au roy... A Romme, le deuxme jour de may mil V.C.XXX » ; 5 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de CHARLES, « cardinal de Mascon », à monseigneur de Montmorency. « A Rome, le IXe jour de febvrier 1536 » ; 6 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de CHARLES, « cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le XVe jour de febvrier 1536 » ; 7 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de CHARLES, « cardinal de Mascon », à monseigneur de Montmorency. « A Rome, ce jour de Pasques, premier d'avril 1537 » ; 8 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de CHARLES, « cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le XIIIIe jour d'avril 1537 » ; 9 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le XVIe jour de septembre 1536 » ; 10 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le VIe jour d'avril 1537 » ; 11 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Orviette, le XXIIe jour de septembre 1536 » ; 12 « Coppie de la lectre escripte par monseigneur... GABRIEL DE GRAMMONT, evesque de Tarbe... à monseigneur l'admiral... A Boulongne, le XXVe jour de febvrier » ; 13 Lettre de « CHARLES DE GRAMONT, evesque d'Ayre... au roy... A Bayonne, le XXVIe jour d'avril » ; 14 Lettre de « GEORGES D'ARMAIGNAC, evesque de Roudez... De Venise, le XXVIIe avril 1537 » ; 15 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le XVIIIe jour de novembre 1536 » ; 16 Lettre de « CHARLES, evesque de Mascon... au roy... De Rome, ce XIe jour de novembre 1536 » ; 17 Lettre de CHARLES, « evesque de Mascon... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Dijon, le XVIIIe d'aoust » ; 18 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon », à monseigneur de Montmorency. « A Rome, le XXVIIIe jour d'octobre 1536 » ; 19 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le IXe jour de novembre 1536 » ; 20 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... De Rome, ce XIe jour de novembre 1536 » ; 21 « Copie de la lettre de messrs de Roudez et Lavaur à monseigneur le cardinal de Mascon... A Venise, le IXe jour de febvrier 1536 » ; 22 « Double des lettres escriptes aux commissaires des Flandres, ce jourd'hui XXIIIe jour d'avril V.C.XXX, apres Pasques » ; 23 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, evesque de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... A Rome, le XXIIIe mars 1535 » ; 24 Dépêche, avec chiffre, de « CHARLES, evesque de Mascon... à monseigneur de Montmorency,... De Orvyete, le XXIIIIe jour de septembre 1535 » ; 25 Lettre de « CHARLES, cardinal de Mascon... à monseigneur le grand maistre... A Rome, le XIIIe jour de septembre 1536 » ; 26 Fragment d'une dépêche, avec chiffre, de CHARLES, cardinal de Mâcon, à monseigneur de Montmorency ; 27 Lettre du maréchal « PIETRO STROZZI,... à monseigneur le duc de Montmorency,... De Stabbia, ce XXXe jour de janvier 1555 »

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre de « T. [WOLSEI], cardinalis eboracensis », au « roy tres chrestien... A Calais, le VIme jour de novembre » ; 2 Lettre de « CHARLES » QUINT au roi de France François Ier ; 3 Lettre, en espagnol, de CHARLES-QUINT. « Gante, a XXVI de deziembre de mil quinientos e veinte y dos » ; 4 Lettre de « T. [WOLSEI], cardinalis eboracensis... à la bonne grace du roy tres chrestien... A Calais, le XXme jour d'octobre » ; 5 « Roolle de l'emprunct de la vaisselle d'argent que le roy... Françoys [Ier]... entend estre fait en sa bonne ville et cité de Paris... Fait à Troyes, le XIIme jour de septembre, l'an mil V.C. vingt ung » ; 6 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS [Ier]... à mons. le tresorier Robertet,... Escript à Sainct Germain en Laye, le XXVIe jour de janvier » ; 7 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS » Ier à Louise de Savoie, sa mère. « De Vauguere, ce XIXe jour de may » ; 8 Lettre de « BAYART,... à mons. le mareschal... A Meziieres, ce mardy à dix heures de nuyt » ; 9 Lettre de « CHARLES » QUINT au roi François Ier. « Escript à La Loue, le VIme jour de jung » ; 10 Lettre de « BAYART » au roi François Ier. « A Guyse, le IX de novembre » ; 11 Lettre de « LOYSE [DE SAVOIE, mère du roi François Ier] à mons. le tresorier Robertet,... Escript de Meaulx, ce VIIme jour d'octobre » ; 12 Lettre de « LOYSE » DE SAVOIE au roi François Ier, son fils ; 13 Lettre de « LOYSE [DE SAVOIE] à mons. le tresorier Robertet,... Escript à Compiengne, ce 6e jour de novembre » ; 14 Lettre du « cardinale TRIVULTIO » au roi François Ier. « Escripte à Rome, ce XIIIIe jour de janvier mil V.C. et XXII » ; 15 Lettre, en italien, de « RENZO DE CERE » au roi François Ier. « Rome, XXVIII januarii M.D.XXII » ; 16 Lettre de « T. [WOLSEI, cardinalis] eboracensis... à la bonne grace du roy... Au manoir de Grenewiche, le derrain jour d'octobre » ; 17 Lettre d'« A. DE CROY,... à mons. de Boisy, grant maistre de France... De Gand, le dernier jour de may » ; 18 Lettre d'« A. DE CROY,... à mons. de Boisy, granmestre de France... De Brusele, le XXIIIIe de juing... 1516 » ; 19 Lettre, en italien, du « cardinale de Sta Ma in Portico,... In Roma, alli dui di aprile 1520 » ; 20 « Veneti Francorum regi » ; 21 « Rex Francorum Venetis » ; 22 Lettre adressée par LOUIS XII à « Clerencieulx » ; 23 Lettre, en italien, de « M. ANTONIO COLONNA » au roi François Ier. « Dal campo di V. Mta apresso San Secundo, a di XXV de septembre M. D. XXI » ; 24 Lettre, en italien, du « cardinale di Sta Ma in Portico,... Da Roma, alli XIX di maggio M. D. XX » ; 25 Lettre des « gens des comptes du roy... à messire Florimont Robertet, chevalier, conseiller du roy nostre sire et tresorier de France... Escript en la chambre des comptes, le XXVIIIme jour de juing » ; 26 Lettre des « gens tenans parlement à Thoulouse... au roy... Escript à Thoulouse en vostre dit parlement, soubz le signet d'icelui, le XXe jour d'aoust » ; 27 Lettre de « CHASTILLON,... à mons. le tresorier Robertet, Sr d'Aluye,... A Reims, le IIIme jour d'aoust » ; 28 Lettre d'« ANTHOINE [duc DE LORRAINE] au roy... Escript au Pont à Mousson, le premier jour de octobre » ; 29 « Copia de li capituli de pace dati per il re de Francia a don Ugo de Moncuda ». En espagnol ; 30 « Dispense du cardinal de Medicis,... ex libro 3° bullarii cancellarie apostolice domini Leonis pape Xi, anni primi, fol. 156... Datum Rome, apud Sanctum Petrum, anno etc. 1513, septimo idus maii, anno primo... ». En latin ; 31 Lettre de « CHARLES » QUINT à François Ier. « Escript à Gand, le IXe de jung » ; 32 « Double de la lettre du roy [FRANÇOIS Ier], escripte à l'empereur » Charles-Quint ; 33 Lettre de « BRYON,... à Madame... De Venisenrin, ce XXe juillet » ; 34 Lettre de « BRYON,... à Madame... Ou camp devant Pavye, se catrieme desembre » ; 35 Lettre de « CHARLES » QUINT au roi François Ier ; 36 Lettre de « CHARLES », duc d'Alençon, au roi François Ier. « De Reims, ce IIIIme jour d'aoust » ; 37 Lettre de « HENRY » VIII au roi de France François Ier. « Escript à nostre manoir de Hamptoncourt, le Xe jour d'octobre XV.C.XXXVII » ; 38 Lettre de « HENRY » VIII au « roy François [Ier] de France... Escript à nostre manoir de Wodestok, le Xme jour de juillet, l'an XV.C. XVIII » ; 39 Lettre, en latin, du roi de Portugal EMMANUEL le Fortuné au roi François Ier. « Datum in oppido nostro Almeyrini, pridie kl. maias, anno dominici natalis M.D.XVI » ; 40 « Double de la lettre escrite à l'empereur [Charles-Quint] par le conestable DE MONTMORENCY,... Escript à Compiegne... octobre » ; 41 Copie des « chappitres accordez entre les Srs Ursins ». En italien ; 42 Lettre de LOUIS XII à « mons, le cardinal... Escript au chastel de Pavye, ce XVe jour d'octobre » ; 43 Trois Lettres de FRANÇOIS Ier touchant les relations de la France avec Rome. Vers 1521. Copie ; 44 « Instruction au Sr de Villiers, varlet tranchant du roy, de ce qu'il aura à dire au duc et seigneur de Venise, par devers lesquelz ledict seigneur le renvoye presentement » ; 45 Lettre adressée au roi Louis XII par un ambassadeur en Espagne. Vers 1513 ; 46 « Inventaire des papiers, prins es coffres de feu mons. le cardinal de Sens, legat et chancellier de France, estans en la maison de mons. le president Poyet, par Jehan Barrillon, notaire et secretaire du roy » ; 47 « Inventaire des pieces que mons. le president Poyet a baillées à moy... Jehan Barrillon,... pour porter en court à monseigneur le chancellier » ; 48 « Maniere de manifeste » sur les traités avec l'Espagne, après la prise du château de Messancourt, 1521 ; 49 « Instructions données de par le roy nostre sire à son serviteur Clerenceaux » ; 50 Instructions de « JEHAN DE CALVIMONT », ambassadeur de France en Espagne, sous François Ier ; 51 « Roolle des noms et seurnoms des cent gentilzhommes ordinaires de l'hostel du roy notre sire, estans soubz la charge et conduicte de Loys de Breszé, conte de Maulevrier, chevalier de l'ordre et grant seneschal de Normendye, sa personne y comprinse » ; 52 Instruction, en italien, relative à l'élection d'Adrien VI ; 53 Lettre, en italien, d'« el secretario abbatis » à « mons. el tresorero Roberteto. A Cambray, lo VII jorno de februario » ; 54 « Double des lettres que l'Empereur a escriptes à messrs des ligues » ; 55 « Tractatus unionis et confederacionis... inter... Francorum regem, ex una, et... principem dominum Palatinum, Bavariae ducem, ac sacri Romani imperii archidapiferum et electorem, ex altera, partibus ». Copie ; 56 « Addenda in expedicione contra Thurcos » ; 57 « Instructione del ill. Sr marchese Manfredo Pallavicino per la impresa de Como ». Copie

Environmental assessment of Lake Gibson sediments, water quality, and soils of the Niagara Region

In light of the fact that literature on toxicity of heavy metals in non-acidified freshwater systems is sparse, this project was initiated to conduct an environmental assessment of Lake Gibson. Chemistry of soils from adjacent areas and vineyards in the region provide a comparative background database. Water quality determinations were used to identify and highlight areas of environmental concern within the Lake Gibson watershed. A Shelby Corer was used to obtain 66 sediment cores from Lake Gibson. These were sectioned according to lithology and color to yield 298 samples. A suite of 122 soil samples was collected in the region and vicinity of Lake Gibson. All were tested for metals and some for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). Evaluation of the results leads to the following conclusions: 1. Metal concentrations ofAI, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Fe and Zn in soils from the Niagara Region are well below background limits set by the Ministry of the Environment and Energy (MOEE) for provincial soils. 2. There is a spatial and depth difference for some of the metals within the various soils. The Cr, Ni and Pb contents of soils vary throughout the region (pdivergence point and waterfall. Other areas of concern are located just south of Beaverdams Road and just west ofthe Ontario Hydro control pipes; south ofthe Village ofBeaverdams. The fourth area of environmental concern and TPH impact is located between Highway 406 and Merrittville Highway.

Genetic variability in Larus argentatus and Sterna hirundo

Blood serum and egg-white protein samples from individuals representing seven colonies of Larusargentatus, and four colonies of Sterna hirundo were electrophoretically analysed to determine levels of genetic variability and to assess the utility of polymorphic loci as genetic markers. Variability occurred at five co-dominant autosomal loci. S. hirundo protein polymorphism occurred at the Est-5 and the Oest-l loci, while nineteen loci were monomorphic. L. argentatus samples were monomorphic at seventeen loci and polymorphic at the Ldh-A and the Alb loci. Intergeneric differences existed at the Oalb and the Ldh-A loci. Although LDH-A100 from both species possessed identical electrophoretLc mobilities, the intergeneric differences were expressed as a difference in enzyme the'ITIlostabilities. Geographical distribution of alleles and genetic divergence estimates suggest ~ hirundo population panmixis,at least at the sampled locations. The h argentatus gene pool appears relatively heterogeneous with a discreet Atlantic Coast population and a Great Lakes demic population. These observed population structures may be maintained by the relative amount of gene flow occurring within and among populations. Mass ringing data coupled to reproductive success information and analysis of dispersal trends appear to validate this assumption. Similar results may be generated by either selection or both small organism and low locus sample sizes. To clarify these results and to detect the major factor(s) affecting the surveyed portions of the genome, larger sample sizes in conjunction with precise eco-demographic data are required.