[Archives de la Parole]. , Parable of the prodigal son : in Korwa, from Surguja (C.P.) [i.e. Central Provinces] / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Nathu Kōrwā], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Madhya Pradesh. Chhattisgarh]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Parable of the Prodigal Son : in Kolami, from Yeotmal (Berar) - Dravidien - Ling[uistic] survey of India / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Rakma Kōlām], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Madhya Pradesh. Maharashtra]

Myocardial impairment in chronic hypoxia is abolished by short aeration episodes: involvement of K+ATP channels.

In vivo exposure to chronic hypoxia is considered to be a cause of myocardial dysfunction, thereby representing a deleterious condition, but repeated aeration episodes may exert some cardioprotection. We investigated the possible role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in these mechanisms. First, rats (n = 8/group) were exposed for 14 days to either chronic hypoxia (CH; 10% O(2)) or chronic hypoxia with one episode/day of 1-hr normoxic aeration (CH+A), with normoxia (N) as the control. Second, isolated hearts were Langendorff perfused under hypoxia (10% O(2), 30 min) and reoxygenated (94% O(2), 30 min) with or without 3 microM glibenclamide (nonselective K(+)(ATP) channel-blocker) or 100 microM diazoxide (selective mitochondrial K(+)(ATP) channel-opener). Blood gasses, hemoglobin concentration, and plasma malondialdehyde were similar in CH and CH+A and in both different from normoxic (P < 0.01), body weight gain and plasma nitrate/nitrite were higher in CH+A than CH (P < 0.01), whereas apoptosis (number of TUNEL-positive nuclei) was less in CH+A than CH (P < 0.05). During in vitro hypoxia, the efficiency (ratio of ATP production/pressure x rate product) was the same in all groups and diazoxide had no measurable effects on myocardial performance, whereas glibenclamide increased end-diastolic pressure more in N and CH than in CH+A hearts (P < 0.05). During reoxgenation, efficiency was markedly less in CH with respect to N and CH+A (P < 0.0001), and ratex pressure product remained lower in CH than N and CH+A hearts (P < 0.001), but glibenclamide or diazoxide abolished this difference. Glibenclamide, but not diazoxide, decreased vascular resistance in N and CH (P < 0.005 and < 0.001) without changes in CH+A. We hypothesize that cardioprotection in chronically hypoxic hearts derive from cell depolarization by sarcolemmal K(+)(ATP) blockade or from preservation of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency (ATP turnover/myocardial performance) by mitochondrial K(+)(ATP) opening. Therefore K(+)(ATP) channels are involved in the deleterious effects of chronic hypoxia and in the cardioprotection elicited when chronic hypoxia is interrupted with short normoxic aeration episodes.

Comparing Random-based and k-Anonymity-Based Algorithms for Graph Anonymization

Recently, several anonymization algorithms have appeared for privacy preservation on graphs. Some of them are based on random-ization techniques and on k-anonymity concepts. We can use both of them to obtain an anonymized graph with a given k-anonymity value. In this paper we compare algorithms based on both techniques in orderto obtain an anonymized graph with a desired k-anonymity value. We want to analyze the complexity of these methods to generate anonymized graphs and the quality of the resulting graphs.

1st datings of ammonite-bearing Bajocian suites from Caucasus (Georgia) - K-Ar ages of volcanic hornblendes

Volcanic flows and tuffs interbedded with ammonite-bearing sediments directly correlatable with the stratotype section of the Bajocian stage have been dated for the first time within the Caucasus area. Three samples, each from a different section, allowed separation of well-preserved brown hornblende; these are considered reliable geochronometers in a region where subsequent volcanic activity occurred. The dated separates are V139: a volcanic layer probably near the base, V142 another layer near the top of the Lower Bajocian substage; V141 a boulder from a latest Bajocian volcanic conglomerate. From bottom to top, apparent ages at 173.5 +/- 2.6, 164.8 +/- 2.5 and 167.1 +/- 1.9 Ma (analytical uncertainty, 95% confidence level) respectively, can be calculated. The consistency of the results is obtained if the dated boulder is interpreted as derived from an underlying layer, The Bajocian-Bathonian boundary is much younger than commonly accepted and younger than 164 Ma.

Absorção de N, P e K por espécies de adubos verdes cultivadas em diferentes épocas e densidades num latossolo vermelho-escuro argiloso sob cerrados

Populações específicas de plantas e a época de semeadura podem promover interferências na absorção dos nutrientes. Assim, um experimento foi realizado, no ano agrícola de 1991/92, num Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro argiloso no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos/Embrapa, em Senador Canedo (GO), com o objetivo de determinar os teores e as quantidades absorvidas de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na parte aérea da Crotalaria juncea: l., Crotalaria ochroleuca: G. Don, mucuna preta ( Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Merr.) e guandu cv. Kaki (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), em três épocas de semeadura (início, meados e final da estação chuvosa) e em dois espaçamentos entrelinhas (0,5 e 0,4 m). O delineamento experimental, dentro de cada época, foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As espécies diferiram entre si quanto aos teores e quantidades absorvidas de N, P e K. Ao contrário das épocas de semeadura, não houve efeito significativo dos espaçamentos nos teores e quantidades absorvidas de N, P e K. A interação de espécies e épocas de semeadura foi significativa apenas para o nitrogênio e fósforo.

Contribuição dos mecanismos de fluxo de massa e de difusão para o suprimento de K, Ca e Mg a plantas de arroz

O transporte de nutriente até à superfície das raízes pode ocorrer por fluxo de massa ou por fluxo de massa e difusão, dependendo da atividade do nutriente na solução do solo e da exigência nutricional da planta. Objetivou-se verificar a contribuição dos mecanismos de fluxo de massa e de difusão para o suprimento de potássio, de cálcio e de magnésio a plantas de arroz, em experimento realizado em casa de vegetação. Aplicaram-se em amostra de Latossolo Variação Una, os seguintes tratamentos: Na2CO3, K2CO3, CaCO3 e MgCO3. Aos 75 dias da semeadura, as plantas de arroz foram colhidas e determinadas as quantidades de potássio, de cálcio e de magnésio nelas acumuladas, bem como a concentração desses nutrientes na solução do solo. Essas concentrações, multiplicadas pelo volume de água transpirado, foram usadas para calcular o suprimento por fluxo de massa. A difusão foi estimada por diferença entre a quantidade do nutriente acumulado no vegetal e a transportada por fluxo de massa. Verificou-se que o potássio foi transportado predominantemente por difusão, exceto no tratamento com K2CO3, que gerou altos teores de K na solução de solo, tornando o fluxo de massa suficiente para atender à demanda das plantas. O cálcio e o magnésio foram transportados por fluxo de massa. Segundo os resultados, a difusão foi o principal mecanismo de transporte de potássio nas condições do experimento; todavia, o fluxo de massa pode satisfazer isoladamente a demanda nutricional da planta, quando a concentração de potássio na solução do solo for muito elevada.

Incremental growth of the Patagonian Torres del Paine laccolith over 90 k.y.

The Miocene Paine Granite in the Torres del Paine Intrusive Complex, southern Chile, is an extraordinary example of an upper crustal mafic and granitic intrusion. The granite intruded as a series of three sheets, each one underplating the previous sheet along the top of the basal Paine Mafic Complex. High-precision U/Pb geochronology on single zircons using isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry yields distinct ages of 12.59 +/- 0.02 Ma and 12.50 +/- 0.02 Ma, respectively, for the first and last sheet of the laccolith. This age relationship is consistent with field observations. The zircon ages define a time frame of 90 +/- 40 k.y. for the emplacement of a >2000-m-thick granite laccollith. These precise U-Pb zircon ages permit identification of the pulses in a 20 k.y. range. The data obtained for the Paine Granite fill the gap between 100 k.y. and 100-1000 yr pulses described in the literature for crustal magma chambers.

Profiling of counterfeit medicines by vibrational spectroscopy

Counterfeit pharmaceutical products have become a widespread problem in the last decade. Various analytical techniques have been applied to discriminate between genuine and counterfeit products. Among these, Near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy provided promising results.The present study offers a methodology allowing to provide more valuable information fororganisations engaged in the fight against counterfeiting of medicines.A database was established by analyzing counterfeits of a particular pharmaceutical product using Near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Unsupervised chemometric techniques (i.e. principal component analysis - PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis - HCA) were implemented to identify the classes within the datasets. Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to determine the number of different chemical profiles within the counterfeits. A comparison with the classes established by NIR and Raman spectroscopy allowed to evaluate the discriminating power provided by these techniques. Supervised classifiers (i.e. k-Nearest Neighbors, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, Probabilistic Neural Networks and Counterpropagation Artificial Neural Networks) were applied on the acquired NIR and Raman spectra and the results were compared to the ones provided by the unsupervised classifiers.The retained strategy for routine applications, founded on the classes identified by NIR and Raman spectroscopy, uses a classification algorithm based on distance measures and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves. The model is able to compare the spectrum of a new counterfeit with that of previously analyzed products and to determine if a new specimen belongs to one of the existing classes, consequently allowing to establish a link with other counterfeits of the database.

Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding with three oral mixed micellar phylloquinone doses: results of a 6-year (2005-2011) surveillance in Switzerland.

In 2003, the Swiss guidelines to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) were adapted. As two oral doses (2 mg, hour/day 4) of mixed micellar VK preparation had failed to abolish late VKDB, a third dose (week 4) was introduced. This report summarizes the new guidelines acceptance by Swiss pediatricians and the results of a prospective 6-year surveillance to study their influence on the incidence of VKDB. The new guidelines acceptance by Swiss pediatricians was evaluated by a questionnaire sent to all pediatricians of the Swiss Society of Paediatrics. With the help of the Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit, the incidence of VKDB was monitored prospectively from July 1, 2005 until June 30, 2011. Over a 6-year period (458,184 live births), there was one case of early and four cases of late VKDB. Overall incidence was 1.09/10(5) (95 % confidence intervals (CI) 0.4-2.6). Late VKDB incidence was 0.87/10(5) (95 % CI 0.24-2.24). All four infants with late VKDB had an undiagnosed cholestasis at the time of bleeding; parents of 3/4 had refused VK prophylaxis, and in 1/4, the third VK dose had been forgotten. Compared with historical control who had received only two oral doses of mixed micellar VK (18 cases for 475,372 live births), the incidence of late VKDB was significantly lower with three oral doses (Chi(2),Yates correction, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: VKDB prophylaxis with 3 × 2 mg oral doses of mixed micellar VK seems to prevent adequately infants from VKDB. The main risk factors for VKDB in breast-fed infants are parental VK prophylaxis refusal or an unknown cholestasis.