Efficacy of sulfadoxine plus trimethoprim compared to management measures for the control of Eimeria parasitism in naturally infected and clinically asymptomatic sheep that were maintained in a feedlot

The efficacy of sulfadoxine + trimethoprim in comparison to management measures for the control of Eimeria parasitism was studied in naturally infected sheep that were raised in a feedlot and were clinically asymptomatic for eimeriosis. Weight gain was also evaluated in these animals. The following groups were formed with 15 animals/group: TO!, control animals that received saline solution and maintenance of the same management measures that were performed before the study; T02, animals that received two intramuscular doses of sulfadoxine (20 mg/kg) + trimethoprim (4 mg/kg) with a 14-day interval; T03, sheep that received two intramuscular doses of sulfadoxine (20 mg/kg) + trimethoprim (4 mg/kg) with a 14-day interval plus management measures (wood shaving bedding was changed every Monday, and 30g of ammonium sulfate were applied to the bedding and other facilities were performed every Thursday, 10 mL/20 L of water); and T04, animals that received only the management measures described for the previous group. The highest efficacy rates (arithmetic mean) for the T02 group (sulfadoxine + trimethoprim at days 0 and 14) were 21.04% and 21.98% on the 14th and 28th days after the first treatment (DAFT), respectively. However, the treatment showed efficacy rates below 17% and was totally ineffective from the 70th DAFT to the end of the study. In both the T03 (chemical treatment+ management) and T04 (management only) groups, a significant (P <= 0.05) reduction of oocyst shedding per gram of feces was observed in the animals from the 14th DAFT in comparison to the control group; however, an efficacy rate above 90% was observed from the 28th DAFT. Animals belonging to the T02, T03 and T04 groups presented with alterations in weight gain of 0.57 kg, 4.30 kg and 4.53 kg, respectively, in comparison with the control animals (T01) throughout the 91-day study period. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the two-dose sulfadoxine + trimethoprim treatment, given with a 14-day interval, had little no effect on the oocyst shedding. Moreover, the adopted management measures were enough to cause a significant decrease in the animal parasite loads. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Historic of therapeutic efficacy of albendazol sulphoxide administered in different routes, dosages and treatment schemes, against Taenia saginata in cattle experimentally infected

The present study aimed to notify the history of albendazole sulphoxide (ALB-SO) and albendazole (ALBZ) efficacy against Taenia saginata cysticercus (Cysticercus bovis) parasitizing experimentally infected bovines. A total of 11 efficacy trials were performed between the years of 2002 and 2010. In order to perform these trials, animals were individually inoculated with 2 x 104 eggs of T. saginata in each study's day zero (DO). For every trial, a positive control group (untreated infected animals) and a negative control group (animals that were neither infected nor treated) were used. ALB-SO or ALB were administered in the different dosages, in different days of treatments. In a last study with this formulation, this active principle was administered orally, mixed with the mineral supplement, on the 60th DPI, in a dosage of 30 mg/kg. In all trials, on the 100th DPI, all animals were euthanized and submitted to the sequenced slicing of 26 anatomical segments (fragments of approximately five millimeters) for the survey of T. saginata cysticercus. With the obtained results it is possible to verify that in the first trials, conducted in 2002, ALB-SO reached, independently of dosage and treatment scheme, efficacies superior to 98% (arithmetic means). The trials conducted in 2005 (2.5 mg/kg on the 30th, 60th, and 90th DPI) obtained values of efficacy all inferior to 60%. In 2008, the trials with 2.5 and 7.7 mg/kg demonstrated efficacy values inferior to 40%, for both dosages and treatment schemes (30th/60th/90th DPI and 60th DPI). When this formulation was administered orally on the dosage of 30 mg/kg on the 60th DPI, the efficacy against T. saginata cysticercus reached 88.28%. ALB administered orally showed efficacy values of 0.0%, 29.88% and 28.64% in the dosages of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively, using the treatment schemes described above for each dosage. Based on the results of these trials, conducted in an eight year period (2002-2010) using the sequenced slicing method for evaluating the efficacy of the aforementioned formulations against T. saginata cysticercus, it is possible to observe that, amongst the few molecules used in the chemotherapic treatment against T. saginata larvae, ALB-SO, administered in varied routes, dosages and treatment schemes, the studies conducted in 2008, 2009, and 2010, have a low therapeutic efficacy against C bovis in Brazil, while ALBZ had insignificant efficacy values against T. saginata larvae parasitizing experimentally infected bovines. However, future studies using molecular biology will be necessary to assess whether the difference on the efficacy of the ALB-SO can be related to strain or another specific factor. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

New host records and a checklist of fishes infected with Austrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Atividade in vitro da fosfolipases A2 e da fração peptídica extraídas do veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus sobre formas amastogotas e promastigotas de Leishmania (L) infantum chagasi

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Motor development of infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but not infected

Background: To assess the motor development of infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: Thirty infants were assessed in the period from November 2009 to March 2010 at the AIDS Reference and Training Centre, in São Paulo, Brazil. The assessment instrument used in the research was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). All 30 infants used the antiretroviral drug properly for 42 consecutive days, in accordance with the protocol of the World Health Organization. Results: Out of the total number of infants, 27 (90%) had proper motor performance and 3 (10%) presented motor delay, according to the AIMS. Discussion: This study demonstrated that only 10% of the assessed group had developmental delay and no relation with environmental variables was detected, such as maternal level of education, social and economic issues, maternal practices, attendance at the day care center, and drug use during pregnancy. It is important to emphasize the necessity of studies with a larger number of participants.

Terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol (tea tree oil components) inhibit the production of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-10 on human macrophages

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Phage-displayed peptides as capture antigens in an innovative assay for Taenia saginata-infected cattle

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Clinical investigation of bacterial species and endotoxin in endodontic infection and evaluation of root canal content activity against macrophages by cytokine production

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Citral and eugenol modulate DNA damage and pro-inflammatory mediator genes in murine peritoneal macrophages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Macrophage Cell Activation with Acute Apical Abscess Contents Determined by Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

First detection of Leishmania infantum DNA within the brain of naturally infected dogs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of Soft Denture Liners on L929 Fibroblasts, HaCaT Keratinocytes, and RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sodium fluorescein for early detection of skin ulcers in Aeromonas hydrophila infected Piaractus mesopotamicus

The increase in aquaculture global fish production has been associated with an increase in infectious diseases affecting aquacultured species.. The aim of this study was to identify ulcers in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) with sodium fluorescein before it was possible to observe them visually. Twenty one fish with no apparent skin lesions were divided into three groups. Group 1 were injected with saline 0.65% (Group 1), Group 2 with 6 x 10(8) CFU of Aeromonas hydrophila and group 3 with 6 x 10(8) CFU of Streptococcus agalactiae into the peritoneal cavity. All animals showed a positive reaction to fluorescein. A. hydrophila infected fish presented with large round marks with irregular borders, the characteristic ulcers caused by this agent. However, the other groups only displayed markings associated with handling caused by the netting procedures. We concluded that sodium fluorescein may be useful for an early and fast evaluation of cutaneous infection of A. hydrophila in pacu.

Genotipagem de HLA de classe I e II para seleção de células precursoras dendríticas para estudo da imunobiologia do vírus associado ao Sarcoma de Kaposi (KSHV)

The Kaposi-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) also known as Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and others limphoprolipheratives diseases such as Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) and Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD). Even though the virus is considered lymphotropic, it is able to infect others cell types such as macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, monocytes and fibroblasts. After infection, KSHV be latent expressing essential viral genes to its maintenance in a infected cell. However, in some circumstances may occur the reactivation of lytic cycle producing new viral particles. K1 protein of KSHV interferes in the cellular signaling inducing proliferation and supporting cellular transformation. K1 is encoded by viral ORF-K1, which shows high variability between different genotypes of KSHV. So far, it is not clear whether different isoforms of K1 have specific immunobiological features. The KSHV latency is maintained under strict control by the immune system supported by an adequate antigen presentation involving Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and II. Polymorphisms of HLA class I and II genes confer an enormous variability in molecules that recognize a large amount of antigens, but also can increase the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to genotype HLA class I (A and B) and class II (DR and DQ) from volunteers to identify haplotypes that can provide better response to K1 epitopes of different KSHV genotypes. First of all, 20 volunteers were selected to genotype HLA genes. In our results we observed prevalence of certain HLA class I haplotypes as HLAA1, HLA-A2, HLA-A24, HLA-A26, HLA-B8, HLA-B18 e HLA-B44. After the in silico analysis using BIMAS and SYFPEITHI databases, we observed high scores for epitopes from the B genotype of KSHV, indicating...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)